6,6′‐Bieckol inhibits adipocyte differentiation through downregulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 cells

Kwon, Tae‐,Hyung,Wu, Yong‐,Xiang,Kim, Jong‐,Shik,Woo, Jung‐,Hee,Park, Kyu Tae,Kwon, O Jun,Seo, Hyun‐,Ju,Kim, Taewan,Park, Nyun‐,Ho John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2015 Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Vol.95 No.9

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>BACKGROUND</B></P><P>Brown algae have been used for their nutritional value as well as a source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial and anti‐obesity effects. Obesity is an important condition implicated in various diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease. However, anti‐obesity effects of <I>Eisenia bicyclis</I> remain unknown.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P>We investigated the anti‐obesity effects of 6,6′‐bieckol, 6,8′‐bieckol, 8,8′‐bieckol, dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol A isolated from <I>E</I>. <I>bicyclis.</I> Anti‐obesity activity was evaluated by examining the inhibition of differentiation of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and the expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCATT/enhancer‐binding protein α (C/EBPα) and sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c) at the mRNA and protein level. Differentiated 3T3‐L1 cells were treated with the purified phlorotannins at concentrations of 10, 25 and 50 µg mL<SUP>−1</SUP> for 8 days. The results indicated that the purified phlorotannins suppressed the differentiation of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes in a dose–dependent manner, without toxic effects. Among the five compounds, 6,6′‐bieckol markedly decreased lipid accumulation and expression levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP‐1c (mRNA and protein), and fatty acid synthase and acyl‐coA carboxylase (mRNA).</P><P><B>CONCLUSION</B></P><P>These findings suggest that <I>E</I>. <I>bicyclis</I> suppressed differentiation of 3T3‐L1 adipocyte through downregulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry</P>

Pneumonia Prevalence Upon Chest Radiography According to Vaccination Status Among Patients Under 50 Years of Age With Coronavirus Disease 2019

Kwon Yong Shik,Park Sun Hyo,Kim Hyun Jung,Park Jae Seok,Kim Mi-Ae,Kim Tae Hun,Lee Ji Yeon,Kim Jin Young 대한의학회 2024 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.39 No.6

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is effective in preventing the disease transmission and progression. However, the relatively mild disease course of the omicron variant and the decrease in antibodies over time after vaccination raise questions about the effectiveness of vaccination, especially in young people. We compared the prevalence of pneumonia and chest X-ray severity score according to vaccination status among patients < 50 years old with COVID-19. Methods: From January 17 to March 17, 2022, 579 patients with COVID-19, who were < 50 years old and had a known vaccination history in our institution, were all included in this study. All patients underwent initial chest radiography, and follow-up chest radiographs were obtained every two days until discharge. Pneumonia was scored from the radiographs using the Brixia scoring system. The scores of the six lung zones were added for a total score ranging from 0 to 18. Patients were divided into four groups according to 10-year age intervals. Differences between groups were analyzed using the χ2 or Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables and the Kruskal–Wallis test or analysis of variance for continuous variables. Results: Among patients aged 12–19 years, the prevalence of pneumonia did not differ depending on vaccination status (non-vaccinated vs. vaccinated, 1/47 [2.1%] vs. 1/18 [5.6%]; P = 0.577). Among patients in their 20s, the prevalence of pneumonia was significantly higher among nonvaccinated patients than among vaccinated patients (8/28, 28.6% vs. 7/138, 5.1%, P < 0.001), similar to patients in their 40s (32/52 [61.5%] vs. 18/138 [13.0%]; P < 0.001). The chest X-ray severity score was also significantly higher in non-vaccinated patients than that in vaccinated patients in their 20s to their 40s (P < 0.001), but not among patients aged 12–19 years (P = 0.678). Conclusion: In patients aged 20–49 years, vaccinated patients had a significantly lower prevalence of pneumonia and chest X-ray severity score than non-vaccinated patients.

Highly Reliable Amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O Thin-Film Transistors Through the Addition of Nitrogen Doping

Park, Kyung,Kim, Jong Heon,Sung, Taehoon,Park, Hyun-Woo,Baeck, Ju-Heyuck,Bae, Jonguk,Park, Kwon-Shik,Yoon, Sooyoung,Kang, Inbyeong,Chung, Kwun-Bum,Kim, Hyun-Suk,Kwon, Jang-Yeon Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2019 IEEE transactions on electron devices Vol.66 No.1

<P>The electrical properties and the device reliability under positive/negative bias stress with/without illumination regarding amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) are evaluated as a function of the nitrogen partial pressure in the sputter deposition. Interestingly, it is easy to control the carrier concentration through the incorporation of nitrogen into IGZO, whereby the device performance is changed. In addition, when nitrogen is introduced during the conventional IGZO deposition, the device reliability of N-doped IGZO TFTs is considerably improved compared to that of undoped-IGZO TFTs due to the reduced amount of defects. It is also interesting that such an improvement of the device reliability regarding IGZO is easily obtainable through the simple addition of nitrogen to the conventional deposition process. It is, therefore, strongly believed that this simple nitrogen-doping process for IGZO is very effective regarding the achievement of highly durable devices, and it can be immediately applied to the current mass production of the high-performance displays for which the oxide semiconductor is used.</P>

Comparison of Baseline Characteristics and Clinical Courses between Patients with First Positive and Re-detection PCR for SARS-CoV-2

( Yong Shik Kwon ),( Sun Hyo Park ),( Hyun Jung Kim ),( Jae Seok Park ),( Ji Yeon Lee ),( Mi-ri Hyun ),( Hyun Ah Kim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.128 No.-

Background Many patients with re-detected polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 were identified and then they were admitted again, although they were recovered after treatment. The Results of the viral culture among the re-detected patients were revealed as no-growth for SARS-CoV-2, and cases that re-detected patients transmit SARS-CoV-2 to other patients have not been identified, contagious risk and clinical features of them are unknown. We investigated the baseline characteristics and clinical courses between the first positive and re-detected patients for SARS-CoV-2. Methods From 22 February 2020 to 30 April 2020, 826 patients diagnosed as first positive patients, 171 patients were identified as re-detected patients. The medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Among these two groups, clinical characteristics including initial symptoms, rates of aggravation to severe pneumonia (clinical signs of pneumonia plus one of the following: respiratory rate > 30 breaths/min, severe respiratory distress or SpO2 ≤ 90% on room air), transfer to intensive care unit, and mechanical ventilator, continuous renal replacement therapy, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation usage were compared. Results Re-detected group was significantly younger than first positive group (median 46 years vs 56 years, p<0.001). More than half (100/171, 58.5%) of the re-detected patients were asymptomatic, while 26.2% (216/826) of first positive group were asymptomatic (p<0.001). Patient who progress to severe pneumonia were significantly lower in re- detected group than the first positive group (4.1% vs 17.5%, p<0.001). None of the patients in re-detected group had admitted ICU, needed mechanical ventilator, continuous renal replacement therapy, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. None of the re- detected patients were dead. However, 19 patients (2.3%) were dead in first-positive group. Conclusion More than half of the re-detected patients were asymptomatic and had favorable outcome than first positive group.

Reliability of Crystalline Indium–Gallium–Zinc-Oxide Thin-Film Transistors Under Bias Stress With Light Illumination

Kyung Park,Hyun-Woo Park,Hyun Soo Shin,Jonguk Bae,Kwon-Shik Park,Inbyeong Kang,Kwun-Bum Chung,Jang-Yeon Kwon Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2015 IEEE transactions on electron devices Vol. No.

<P>We investigate the effect of crystalline indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (c-IGZO) thin films on device performance, and evaluate the device reliability of c-IGZO under positive/negative bias stress with/without illumination. The crystal structure of deposited-IGZO thin film is controlled by annealing temperatures, and the transition from an amorphous to a crystalline structure is observed at above 800 °C. Even though the c-IGZO thin-film transistors (TFTs) exhibit lower carrier mobility, compared with amorphous IGZO (a-IGZO) TFTs, the remarkable improvement of the device reliability for the c-IGZO TFTs is observed especially under the bias stress with illumination. This comes from lower defect density compared with the a-IGZO film.</P>

철도시스템 FMECA 수행 절차 및 분석 기법 개발에 관한 연구

박권식(Park Kwon Shik),김태웅(Kim Tae Woong),정현용(Jeong Hyun yong),박준서(Park Jun Seo) 한국철도학회 2006 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

FMEA(Failure Mode and Effects) is a procedure for the analysis of a system to identify the potential failure modes, and their effects and causes to reduce or mitigate the critical effects of the system. Recently, FMEA is used in various industries and it is specialized in each industry. For instance, MIL-1629a in Military industry, SAE-J1739 in Automotive industry and other industry are using specialized FMEA method. Though Railroad industry requires the high reliability system, it does not have the FMEA method which is specialized to them. So in this paper, we examined the MIL-1629a, SAE-J1739, IEC-60812 and compared those standards. Furthermore, we propose the FMEA method that is specialized to the railroad system.

Treatment Outcomes after Discontinuation of Ethambutol due to Adverse Events in Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease

Yong Shik Kwon,Byoung Soo Kwon,Ock-hwa Kim,Yea Eun Park,Tae Sun Shim,Yong Pil Chong,조경욱 대한의학회 2020 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.35 No.9

Background: Long-term administration of ethambutol (EMB) for Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MAC-LD) sometimes leads to permanent discontinuation of EMB due to various adverse events. This study aimed to investigate treatment outcomes after discontinuation of EMB. Methods: Among patients diagnosed with MAC-LD between January 2001 and December 2014, 508 patients whose treatment was initiated with standard regimen until May 2018 were enrolled at a tertiary referral center in Korea. Of these 508 patients, 60 (11.8%) discontinued EMB due to various adverse effects. Among these 60 patients, treatment outcomes were analyzed for 44 patients by comparing their outcomes with those of matched subjects who received the standard treatment regimen without EMB discontinuation. Results: The mean age of the 60 patients who discontinued EMB was 64.4 years. Ocular toxicity was the most common cause of discontinuation of EMB (75.0%, 45/60). The mean duration of EMB administration before its discontinuation was 7.0 ± 4.6 months. The treatment failure rate of the 44 patients with EMB discontinuation analyzed for treatment outcome was 29.6%, which was higher than that of the matched patients who received the standard regimen (18.3%), although the difference was not significant (P = 0.095). Of these 44 patients, EMB was substituted with later-generation fluoroquinolone in 23 patients, and the treatment failure rate of these 23 patients was significantly higher than that of the matched patients who received the standard regimen (39.1% vs. 19.3%, P = 0.045). Conclusion: These findings suggest that treatment outcomes are unsatisfactory in patients with MAC-LD who discontinue EMB owing to adverse events. Notably, there was a statistically significant high failure rate in patients who were prescribed fluoroquinolone to replace EMB.

Diminished expression of dihydropteridine reductase is a potent biomarker for hypertensive vessels

Lee, Chang-Kwon,Han, Jin Soo,Won, Kyung-Jong,Jung, Seung-Hyo,Park, Hyo-Jun,Lee, Hwan Myung,Kim, Junghwan,Park, Young Shik,Kim, Hyun-Jung,Park, Pyo-Jam,Park, Tae-Kyu,Kim, Bokyung WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Proteomics Vol.9 No.21

<P>To identify the new targets for hypertension, we analyzed the protein expression profiles of aortic smooth muscle in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of various ages during the development of hypertension, as well as in age-matched normotensive Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats, using a proteomic analysis. The expressions of seven proteins were altered in SHR compared with WKY rats. Of these proteins, NADH dehydrogenase 1α, GSTω1, peroxi-redoxin I and transgelin were upregulated in SHR compared with WKY rats. On the other hand, the expression of HSP27 and Ran protein decreased in SHR. The diminution of dihydrobiopterin reductase, an enzyme located in the regeneration pathways of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), was also prominent in SHR. The results from a PCR analysis revealed that the expression of BH4 biosynthesis enzymes – GTP cyclohydrolase-1 and sepiapterin reductase – decreased and increased, respectively, in SHR compared with WKY rats. The level of BH4 was less in aortic strips from SHR than from WKY rats. Moreover, treatment with BH4 inhibited aortic smooth muscle contraction induced by serotonin. These results suggest that the deficiency in BH4 regeneration produced by diminished dihydrobiopterin reductase expression is involved in vascular disorders in hypertensive rats.</P>

重複障碍兒의 實態와 그 對策에 關한 硏究

이규식(Rhee Kyu-shik),배성수(Bae Sung-soo),강수균(Kang Soo-kyoon),김종현(Kim Jong-hyun),박미혜(Park Mi-hae),석동일(Suck Dong-il),권도하(Kwon Do-ha),구대회(Ku Dae-hoi),이원식(Rhee Won-shik),권요한(Kwon Yo-han) 한국재활과학회 1988 難聽과 言語障碍 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of the present research is to identify the prevalence of multihandicapped children enrolled in special schools in Korea and to propose educational countermeasures. 12,939 subjects Were selected from 17,373 students enrolled in 94 special schools in Korea. The issues of the research were: a) The types of multiple handicaps and the prevalence of multihandicapped children in the schools for the deaf, the blind, the mentally retarded, and the physically handicapped. b) The actual states of the multihandicapped children, regardless of the kind of special schools in which they were enrolled. c) The actual states of the social-medical backgrounds of the multihandicapped children. d) The educational countermeasures for the multihandicapped enrolled in the special schools. e) The attitudes and demands of the teachers and the parents of the multihandicapped, The findings were as follows: (Prevalence of the multihandicapped) a) The prevalence of the multihandicapped enrolled in the special schools was as follows; 8.9% from the school for the deaf, 15.7% for the blind, 60.1% for the mentlly retarded, 59.5% for the physically handicapped. b) The prevalence of the types of handicaps in each school was as follows: 1) The multihandicapped students in the schools for the deaf were 3.6% deaf with blind, 49% deaf with mental retardation, 20.1% deaf with physical handicaps, 9.7% deaf with emotional disturbances. 12.0% deaf with speech impairment, and the others 5.5%. 2) The students the schools for the blind were: 16.2% blind with hearing loss, 44.3% blind with mental retardation, 16.7% blind with physical handicaps, 9.7% blind with emotional disturbances, 6.5% blind with speech "impairment, and the others 6.5%. 3) The students in the schools for the mentally retarded were: 3.1% mentaly retarded with hearing 1066, 2.7% mentally retarded with blind, 18.5% mentally retarded with physical handicaps, 22.4% mentally retarded with emotional disturbances. 49.7% mentally retarded with speech impairment, and the others 3.5%. 4) The students in the schools for the physically handicapped were: 3.2% physically handicapped with hearing loss. 3.9% physically handicapped with blind, 35.2% physically handicapped with mental retardation, 4.6% physically handicapped with emotional disturbances, 50.0% physically handicapped with speech impairments, and the others 3.0%. c) The prevalence of each type of multihandicap in the special schools was: 0.7% deaf with blindness, 5.0% mentally retarded with deafness, 1.7% physically handicapped with deafness, 0.5% mentally retarded with deafness, 1.7% physically handicapped with deafness, 0.5% emotionally disturbed with deafness, 0.7% speech impaired. with deafness, 3.4% emotionally disturbed with blindness, 0.2% speech impaired with blindness, 20.0% mentally retarded with physical handicaps, 16.2% mentally retarded with emotional disturbances, 35.9% mentally retarded with speech impairments, 9.4% physically handicapped with speech impairments, and the others 3.9%. d) There were no differences between the prevalences of the multihandicapped males and females, but the absolute number of males was larger than that of the females.(m: 64% f: 36%): also, there was no great difference between the prevalence of the place of birth and the place the child was raised. e) Among the multihandicapped enrolled in school. there were greater numbers of students in classes from the 3rd grade of primary school to the 3rd grade of middle school (8.3%) than those enrolled in an early education program( 1.69%). The fathers of the multihandicapped with educational levels equal to or higher than those of upper secondary school graduates were as follows: blind 21%, deaf 37%, physically handicapped 47%, mentally retarded 51%. The percentage of mothers with similar educational levels was: blind 9,9%, deaf 23%, mentally retarded 30%, physically handicapped 3.1%. The mothers of the multihandicapped

대량의 각혈로 사망한 장티푸스 1예

한상우,유진홍,권순석,김성훈,박지찬,홍은정,최경성,박용완,장준희,안지원,박유경,강지영,박상미,신완식 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.5

We experienced a 25 year-old male patient with typhoid fever complicated with massive hemoptysis. Pulmonary complication in typhoid fever is very rare and to our knowledge, there has been no report of hemoptysis as a main cause of death with this disease. We herein report a rare case of typhoid fever.