Impaired expression of Toll-like receptor 2 in nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease.

Ryu, Y J,Kim, E J,Lee, S-H,Kim, S Y,Suh, G Y,Chung, M P,Kim, H,Kwon, O J,Koh, W-J Published jointly by the Society and Munksgaard 2007 The European respiratory journal Vol.30 No.4

<P>The aims of the present study were to investigate the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 on the peripheral blood monocytes of patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung disease and healthy controls, and to assess the responses of these monocytes to TLR2 agonists such as Mycobacterium avium and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Reverse transcriptase-PCR was used to analyse TLR2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood monocytes from 17 NTM patients and 10 healthy controls. mRNA and protein secretion levels were also determined for the cytokines interleukin (IL)-12 p40 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Expression of TLR2 mRNA by peripheral blood monocytes after stimulation with M. avium or LTA was lower in NTM patients than in healthy controls. IL-12 p40 and TNF-alpha mRNA and cytokine secretion levels were also lower in patients than in healthy controls. Treatment with anti-TLR antibody decreased M. avium- and LTA-induced IL-12 p40 and TNF-alpha production in healthy controls, but not in NTM patients. The present results suggest that the downregulation of Toll-like receptor 2 and the resulting decreased production of interleukin-12 p40 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha following Mycobacterium avium or lipoteichoic acid stimulation may contribute to host susceptibility to nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease.</P>

Synthesis of titanium dioxide in O₂/Ar/SO₂/TiCl₄ microwave torch plasma and its band gap narrowing

Hong, Y.C.,Lho, T.,Lee, B.J.,Uhm, H.S.,Kwon, O.P.,Lee, S.H. Elsevier 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.3

Titanium dioxide (TiO<SUB>2</SUB>) nanoparticles were synthesized directly by injecting gas-phase titanium tetrachloride (TiCl<SUB>4</SUB>) bubbled with a mixture of Ar and SO<SUB>2</SUB> into a 2.45 GHz microwave torch plasma operated in O<SUB>2</SUB> gas at atmospheric pressure. The absorption edge of the as-produced TiO<SUB>2</SUB> powders in the UV-Visible spectrum shifted from 457 nm to 483 nm as the SO<SUB>2</SUB> gas content in the mixture gas carrying the TiCl<SUB>4</SUB> was increased. According to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-Visible spectroscopy, the band gap narrowing was due to the incorporation of sulphur (S) species from the Ar and SO<SUB>2</SUB> mixture in the oxygen microwave torch plasma into the O site of TiO<SUB>2</SUB>2.

헬리코박터 파이로리에 감염된 위점막의 Glutathione 농도에 관한 연구

박동균 ( Park Dong Gyun ),정승기 ( Jeong Seung Gi ),정문기 ( Jeong Mun Gi ),권오상 ( Kwon O Sang ),김선숙 ( Kim Seon Sug ),구양서 ( Gu Yang Seo ),김유경 ( Kim Yu Gyeong ),김연석 ( Kim Yeon Seog ),최덕주 ( Choe Deog Ju ),박창신 ( P 대한소화기학회 2003 대한소화기학회지 Vol.42 No.4

海外 建設 輸出 擴大와 土木敎育 改善方向 : 工高 敎科 課程을 中心으로

金八圭,權五憲,金再韓,姜準默 충남대학교 공업교육연구소 1979 論文集 Vol.2 No.2

The design of a curriculum and its revision, as distinct from a syllabus, is very complex and broad in the scope. Many models for curriculum design and development have already been studied to provide a clear understanding of the curriculum process and to identify the inputs, assessment, validation and feedback. All these diversified models, however can be analyzed using common parameters, including non-industrial components such as entry requirements, attitude, and social needs. The paper strongly recognizes the importance of the social requirements in the curriculum design process as far as the korean technical high school education is concerned in Korea. Consecutive implementation of five year economic development plans. has required tremendous amounts of expenditures to provide infrastructures since the early 1960's. Moreover, the present energy problem contributed to the constructional boom in the middle - east countries. These circumstances spurred the rapid expansion of construction works over the last two decades in korea. The existing curricula of technical high schools were reviewed and found too rigid to meet the changing requirements. In a sense the curricula were isolated from outside environments and the feedback system was not likely to work. The study was very limited in terms of finance, time allowance and manpower. Accordingly the paper does not cover the scope of all activities but analysis of some likely inputs on the basis mainly of returned questionnairs. And the model, curriculum was made based on the statistics of returned questionnairs from industry, educators subject teachers, and government authorities, etc. In comparison with the recommended model curriculum in Japan. the changed social demands, advanced skill and technology, and mechanized and complicated work procedures are analyzed and reflected in the structure of the model curriculum in terms of rearranged and elective subjects, its priority and time allocation. However further studies are urgently recommended to supplemont this study especially in the scope of intensive trade analysis, identification of skilled workers' roles in the job spectrum, assessment and validation scheme and T/L resource development.

Circulating mucosal-associated invariant T cell levels and their cytokine levels in healthy adults

Lee, O.J.,Cho, Y.N.,Kee, S.J.,Kim, M.J.,Jin, H.M.,Lee, S.J.,Park, K.J.,Kim, T.J.,Lee, S.S.,Kwon, Y.S.,Kim, N.,Shin, M.G.,Shin, J.H.,Suh, S.P.,Ryang, D.W.,Park, Y.W. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 Experimental Gerontology Vol.49 No.-

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have been reported to play an antimicrobial role in infectious diseases. However, little is known about age- and gender-related changes in circulating MAIT cell level and function in healthy population. The purposes of this study were to examine the level and cytokine production of circulating MAIT cells and their subsets in healthy adults and to investigate potential relationships between clinical parameters and MAIT cell levels or their subset levels. One hundred thirty-three healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. MAIT cells, their subset, and cytokine levels were measured by flow cytometry. Circulating MAIT cell levels were found to vary widely (0.19% to 21.7%) in the study subjects and to be significantly lower in elderly subjects (age, 61-92years) than in young subjects (age, 21-40years) (p<0.0005). No significant difference was found in the circulating MAIT cell levels between male and female subjects. A linear regression analysis revealed that circulating MAIT cell levels declined annually by 3.2% among men and 1.8% among women, respectively. Notably, the proportion of CD4+ MAIT cells increased with age, whereas that of CD8+ MAIT cells decreased with age. In addition, the production of interleukin (IL)-4 by MAIT cells was found to be significantly increased in elderly subjects and the ratio of interferon (IFN)-γ/IL-4 was lower as compared with young subjects, showing a Th1 to Th2 shift in cytokine profile in elderly subjects. Our data suggest that aging is associated with a reduction in circulating MAIT cells, accompanied with alterations in subset composition and cytokine profile.

工業敎育大學 敎育改善에 關한 硏究(Ⅱ)

孟琦錫,洪元杓,任洪彬,李廷玟,朴萬植,李載元,金八圭,權五憲,成世鎭,朴東徹,金太均,李定根 충남대학교 공업교육연구소 1981 論文集 Vol.4 No.1

Since the College of Industrial Education of Chungnam National University took charge of technical teacher preparation in 1977, much efforts have been concentrated on the activities for creating favorable educational environments in terms of curricula, pedagogic affairs, inner and outer facilities, etc. In this study some imposed barriers which are likely to hinder this college from achieving better education were identified and analysed. Considerably large scale of the student enrollment in comparison with the market demand is a prevailing issue which causes an adverse effect for clarification of the educational goal of the college and another problem is concerned with the student entry criteria which do not require the pre-experiences in the field. Under this circumstances, a guide line to improve the teacher education is recommended as follow; 1) The number of the student enrollment should be adjusted to meet the minimum range in the wave of the technical teacher demand projection and the shortage of teacher could be covered by the graduates from the shortterm courses in this college. 2) The current curriculum is accordingly recommended to be diversified taking into consideration the qualification of the student. The suggested consists of four-year regular course, one-year course, and six-month course and the short-term courses are provided to induce the experienced people from industries. 3) In order to have teachers adjust themselves to changing technology, education on sound and fundamental knowledges should be provided in the pre-service education course and education on advanced knowledges and applied theories deferred to the in-service training course. 4) In the four-year pre-service education, the general education and pedagogic subjects are to be drastically intensified from 18 credits and 22 credits up to 40 credits and 30 credits respectively.

The effect of NADP-dependent malic enzyme expression and anaerobic C4 metabolism in <i>Escherichia coli</i> compared with other anaplerotic enzymes

Kwon, Y.-D.,Kwon, O.-H.,Lee, H.-S.,Kim, P. Published for the Society for Applied Bacteriology 2007 Journal of applied microbiology Vol.103 No.6

<P>Abstract</P><P>Aims: </P><P>To understand the modification of C4-metabolism under anaerobic glycolysis condition by overexpressing anaplerotic enzymes, which mediating carboxylation of C3 into C4 metabolites, in <I>Escherichia coli</I>.</P><P>Methods and Results: </P><P>Anaplerotic NADP-dependent malic enzyme (MaeB), as well as the other anaplerotic enzymes, including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (Ppc), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pck) and NAD-dependent malic enzyme (MaeA), were artificially expressed and their C4 metabolism was compared in <I>E. coli</I>. Increasing MaeB expression enhanced the production of C4 metabolites by 2·4 times compared to the wild-type strain in anaerobic glucose medium with bicarbonate supplementation. In MaeB expression, C4 metabolism by supplementing 10 g l<SUP>−1</SUP> of NaHCO<SUB>3</SUB> was three times than that by no supplementation, which showed the greatest response to increased CO<SUB>2</SUB> availability among the tested anaplerotic enzyme expressions.</P><P>Conclusions: </P><P>The higher C4 metabolism was achieved in <I>E. coli</I> expressing increased levels of the NADPH-dependent MaeB. The greatest increase in the C4 metabolite ratio compared to the other tested enzymes were also found in <I>E. coli</I> with enhanced MaeB expression as CO<SUB>2</SUB> availability increased.</P><P>Significance and Impact of the Study: </P><P>The higher C4 metabolites and related biomolecule productions can be accomplished by MaeB overexpression in metabolically engineered <I>E. coli</I>.</P>

Detection and genotyping of Korean porcine rotaviruses

Kim, H.J.,Park, S.I.,Ha, T.P.M.,Jeong, Y.J.,Kim, H.H.,Kwon, H.J.,Kang, M.I.,Cho, K.O.,Park, S.J. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2010 Veterinary microbiology Vol.144 No.3

Porcine group A rotavirus (GARV) is considered to be an important animal pathogen due to their economic impact in the swine industry and its potential to cause heterologous infections in humans. This study examined 475 fecal samples from 143 farms located in 6 provinces across South Korea. RT-PCR and nested PCR utilizing primer pairs specific for the GARV VP6 gene detected GARV-positive reactions in 182 (38.3%) diarrheic fecal samples. A total of 98 porcine GARV strains isolated from the GARV-positive feces were analyzed for G and P genotyping. Based on the sequence and phylogenetic analyses, the most predominant combination of G and P genotypes was G5P[7], found in 63 GARV strains (64.3%). The other combinations of G and P genotypes were G8P[7] (16 strains [16.3%]), G9P[7] (7 strains [7.1%]), G9P[23] (2 strains [2.0%]), and G8P[1] (1 strain [1.0%]). The counterparts of G or P genotypes were not determined in three G5, five P[7], and one P[1] strains. Interestingly, phylogenetic analysis indicated that all Korean G9 strains were more closely related to lineage VI porcine and human viruses than to other lineages (I-V) of GARVs and to Korean human G9 strains (lineage III). These results show that porcine GARV infections are common in diarrheic piglets in South Korea. The infecting strains are genetically diverse, and include homologous (G5P[7]), heterologous (G8P[1]), and reassortant (G8P[7]), as well as emerging G9 GARV strains.

Magnetism and magnetocrystalline anisotropy of 3dtransition metal monolayers on Pt(001): a density-functional study.

Taivansaikhan, P,Odkhuu, D,Kwon, O R,Tsogbadrakh, N,Hong, S C American Scientific Publishers 2014 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.14 No.12

<P>We systematically investigate the effects of having Pt as a substrate and/or capping layer on the magnetism and magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) of 3d transition metal (TMs; Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co) monolayers (MLs) by using a first-principles calculationl method. We found that Fe and Co MLs are ferromagnetic (FM) on a Pt(001) surface, but Mn and Cr MLs are antiferromagnetic (AFM). The magnetic moments are quite robust with additional Pt-capping. Furthermore, Pt-capping enhances the small perpendicular MCA (meV) of Fe/Pt(001) significantly to 4.44 meV. Our electronic structure analyses indicate that strong hybridization between Pt-5d and TM-3d orbitals plays a crucial role in determining magnetic ordering and MCA. For comparison we also calculated magnetism and MCA of 3d TM MLs on Ta(001) with and without Ta-capping.</P>

Stability analysis of high-beta plasmas in the Joint European Torus

Kwon, O J,Chapman, I T,Buratti, P,Han, H,Na, Y,contributors, JET-EFDA Published jointly by The Institute of Physics and 2012 Plasma physics and controlled fusion Vol.54 No.4

<P>The linear stability of ideal instabilities with low toroidal mode numbers has been assessed for various high-beta plasmas in JET including steady-state and hybrid scenarios. Results of detailed stability analysis of discharges with the minimum in safety factor near 1, 3/2 and 2 are presented. In all cases, the plasmas are found to become unstable to global ideal kink-ballooning modes as the minimum safety factor decreases with the current diffusion. The plasmas are found to exhibit continuous modes experimentally which degrade performance, with the mode onset being extremely well correlated with the crossing of the numerically predicted stability boundaries. The most favorable profiles for global stability have also been assessed.</P>