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Topography of the Third Portion of the Maxillary Artery Via the Transantral Approach in Asians
Kwak, Hyun-Ho,Jo, Jae-Beom,Hu, Kyung-Seok,Oh, Chang-Seok,Koh, Ki-Seok,Chung, In-Hyuk,Kim, Hee-Jin Mutaz B. Habal, MD 2010 JOURNAL OF CRANIOFACIAL SURGERY - Vol.21 No.4
The maxillary artery (MA) passes over the lateral pterygoid muscle in the infratemporal fossa and enters the pterygopalatine fossa through the pterygomaxillary fissure. Refractory epistaxis is managed by ligation of the sphenopalatine artery via a transmaxillary-transantral approach; there is considerable risk of complications associated with such invasive surgical approaches. The aim of this study was to describe the gross anatomy and variations therein of the MA and its branches at the pterygopalatine fossa. One hundred hemifaces of embalmed Korean adult cadavers were dissected to establish the precise course of the MA and its branching patterns. The average thickness of the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus was 0.8 mm, but varied over a wide range from 0.2 to 3.6 mm. We classified the third part of the MA into 3 morphological categories: looped (61%), bifurcated (19%), and straight (18%). Two cases could not be classified into any of these 3 categories. The pattern of the bifurcation between the sphenopalatine and descending palatine arteries was classified into 4 types: Y (19%), intermediate (36%), M (17%), and T (28%). The posterior wall of the maxillary sinus was divided into 9 sections. The branching areas of the sphenopalatine and descending palatine arteries were most frequently (62% of cases) located at the top of the medial partition and at the middle of the medial partition (30% of cases).
Kwak, Bong Seop,Kim, Beom Seok,Song, Suk-Heung,Kim, Hyun Ok,Cho, Hyung Hee,Jung, Hyo-Il Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 The Analyst Vol.135 No.9
<P>Blood hemoglobin is an important diagnostic parameter in measuring overall health. The hemoglobin molecule and the iron it contains absorb light energy, leading to thermal changes. This paper presents a new method for determining the hemoglobin concentration of erythrocytes by measuring temperature increases of the heme group when cells are heated by a 532 nm wavelength laser. The advantages of our method are that it determines the hemoglobin content of an entire blood sample without chemical treatments and requires only a small amount of blood (less than 10 μL). A micro scaled platinum resistance temperature detector (Pt RTD) was fabricated using a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technique that directly measures the temperature changes. The platinum RTD's resistance at 0 °C is 275.32 Ω. For the specific heating of erythrocytes, we used a 0.03 to 9.6 W cm<SUP>−2</SUP> power tunable diode pumped solid state (DPSS) continuous wave (CW) laser module with a wavelength of 532 nm. When heating human erythrocytes, leukocytes, plasma, and reference solutions, only the temperature of the erythrocytes significantly increased, indicating that our measurement technique can be used to determine hemoglobin concentration. The hemoglobin concentrations for the samples we used were 0.34, 0.67, 1.35, 2.7, 5.4, 8.1, 10.8, 13.5, 16.2, 18.9 and 21.6 g dL<SUP>−1</SUP>. The temperatures measured for each sample were 31.17 ± 1.98, 36.34 ± 3.76, 42.70 ± 4.38, 48.39 ± 6.47, 63.73 ± 3.34, 79.09 ± 9.60, 84.86 ± 1.99, 87.54 ± 9.84, 91.90 ± 5.27, 90.00 ± 3.24 and 95.79 ± 2.66 °C at a 9.6 W cm<SUP>−2</SUP> output power of the 532 nm laser at 23 °C. We also provide a theoretical analysis of the temperature increases and investigate their major heat source.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A new method for determining the hemoglobin concentration of erythrocytes is demonstrated by measuring the temperature when cells are optically heated. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0an00235f'> </P>
( Seok Jai Kim ),( Cheol Won Jeong ),( Hong Beom Bae ),( Sang Hyun Kwak ),( Jong Keun Son ),( Chang Seob Seo ),( Hyun Jung Lee ),( Jong Un Lee ),( Kyung Yeon Yoo ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2012 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.22 No.0
Sauchinone has been known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. We determined whethersauchinone is beneficial in regional myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Rats were subjected to 20 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by 2 hr reperfusion.Sauchinone (10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before the onset of ischemia. The infarct size was measured 2 hr after resuming the perfusion. The expression of cell death kinases (p38 and JNK) and reperfusion injury salvage kinases (phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinases-Akt, extra-cellular signal-regulated kinases [ERK1/2])/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β was determined 5 min after resuming the perfusion. Sauchinone significantly reduced the infarct size (29.0% ± 5.3% in thesauchinone group vs 44.4% ± 6.1% in the control, P < 0.05). Accordingly, the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 was significantly attenuated, while that of ERK1/2, Akt and GSK-3β was not affected. It is suggested that sauchinone protects against regional myocardial I/R injury through inhibition of phosphorylation of p38 and JNK death signaling pathways.
Kim, Seok Jai,Li, Mei,Jeong, Cheol Won,Bae, Hong Beom,Kwak, Sang Hyun,Lee, Seong Heon,Lee, Hyun Jung,Heo, Bong Ha,Yook, Keun Bae,Yoo, Kyung Yeon 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.8
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major catechin derived from green tea, has been shown to modulate numerous molecular targets in the setting of inflammation. This study aimed to determine whether EGCG protects against regional myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries and its underlying mechanisms involving the role of reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathways (PI3K-Akt and ERK 1/2) and $GSK-3{\beta}$ or apoptotic kinases (p38 and JNK). The rats were subjected to I/R injuries consisting of 30 min ischemia followed by 2 h reperfusion. EGCG (10 mg/kg, intravenously) was administered alone or along with wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor, 0.6 mg/kg, intravenously) 5 min before the onset of reperfusion. Wortmannin was administered 10 min before the reperfusion. Infarct size was measured at the end of the reperfusion. The phosphorylation of Akt, $GSK-3{\beta}$, and MAPK kinases (ERK1/2, P38 and JNK) was determined by Western blotting after 10 min of reperfusion. EGCG reduced the infarct size compared with the control ($25.4{\pm}9.2$ versus $43.2{\pm}8.2$ %, p<0.05). Wortmannin alone did not affect the infarct size, but abolished the EGCG-induced infarct size limiting effect, indicating that EGCG may protect the heart by modulating the PI3K-Akt. EGCG significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt and $GSK-3{\beta}$ but not ERK1/2, while it reduced that of p38 and JNK. These results suggest that EGCG has a protective effect against regional myocardial I/R injuries through activation of the RISK pathway and attenuation of p38 and JNK. EGCG may have cardioprotective effects in patients undergoing surgeries prone to myocardial I/R injuries.
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김범석(Beom Seok Kim),곽봉섭(Bong Seop Kwak),신상우(Sangwoo Shin),김경민(Kyung Min Kim),정효일(Hyo-Il Jung),조형희(Hyung Hee Cho) 대한기계학회 2009 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2009 No.5
The passive type micromixer enhances the increase of interfacial area of liquid species and generates effective diffusion/advection behavior of fluids without any additional power. In this paper, we describe the mixing behavior of liquid streams in microchannel with rib-shape micromixer. For qualitative and quantitative estimation of mixing performance, we conduct a numerical analysis on diffusive/convective behavior of streams using a commercial CFD code, Fluent 6.3.26. Using a response surface method (RSM) as an optimization technique, we have obtained an optimal mixer structure of which design variables are rib angle, rib height to channel height ratio, rib width to rib height ratio and spacing between ribs to rib height ratio. for the shortest channel length to reach 95% of mixing.