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      • Toward dynamic energy-efficient operation of cellular network infrastructure

        Eunsung Oh,Krishnamachari, B,Xin Liu,Zhisheng Niu IEEE 2011 IEEE communications magazine Vol.49 No.6

        <P>The operation of cellular network infrastructure incurs significant electrical energy consumption. From the perspective of cellular network operators, reducing this consumption is not only a matter of showing environmental responsibility, but also of substantially reducing their operational expenditure. We discuss how dynamic operation of cellular base stations, in which redundant base stations are switched off during periods of low traffic such as at night, can provide significant energy savings. We quantitatively estimate these potential savings through a first-order analysis based on real cellular traffic traces and information regarding base station locations in a part of Manchester, United Kingdom. We also discuss a number of open issues pertinent to implementing such energy-efficient dynamic base station operation schemes, such as various approaches to ensure coverage, and interoperator coordination.</P>

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        Prefetching-Based Data Dissemination in Vehicular Cloud Systems

        Ryangsoo Kim,Hyuk Lim,Krishnamachari, Bhaskar IEEE 2016 IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology VT Vol.65 No.1

        <P>In the last decade, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been widely studied as an effective method for providing wireless communication connectivity in vehicular transportation systems. In particular, vehicular cloud systems (VCSs) have received abundant interest for the ability to offer a variety of vehicle information services. We consider the data dissemination problem of providing reliable data delivery services from a cloud data center to vehicles through roadside wireless access points (APs) with local data storage. Due to intermittent wireless connectivity and the limited data storage size of roadside wireless APs, the question of how to use the limited resources of the wireless APs is one of the most pressing issues affecting data dissemination efficiency in VCSs. In this paper, we devise a vehicle route-based data prefetching scheme, which maximizes data dissemination success probability in an average sense when the size of local data storage is limited and wireless connectivity is stochastically unknown. We propose a greedy algorithm and an online learning algorithm for deterministic and stochastic cases, respectively, to decide how to prefetch a set of data of interest from a data center to roadside wireless APs. Experiment results indicate that the proposed algorithms can achieve efficient data dissemination in a variety of vehicular scenarios.</P>

      • Determining Localized Tree Construction Schemes Based on Sensor Network Lifetime

        Lee, Jae-Joon,Krishnamachari, Bhaskar,Kuo, C.-C. Jay Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2010 Eurasip Journal on Wireless Communications and Net Vol.2010 No.-

        <P>The communication energy consumption in a data-gathering tree depends on the number of descendants to the node of concern as well as the link quality between communicating nodes. In this paper, we examine the network lifetime of several localized tree construction schemes by incorporating the communication overhead due to imperfect link quality. Our study is conducted based on empirical data obtained from a real-world deployment, which is further supported by mathematical analysis. For the case of a sparse node density, a large network size and a low link threshold, we show that the link-quality-based scheme provides the longer network lifetime than the minimum hop routing schemes. We present a lower bound on the number of nodes per hop and the link quality threshold of the radio range, which work together to result in a superior localized scheme for longer network lifetime.</P>

      • Maximizing Lifetime Sensing Coverage in Heterogeneous Sensors Deployments

        LEE, Jae-Joon,KRISHNAMACHARI, Bhaskar,KUO, C.-C. Jay The Institute of Electronics, Information and Comm 2010 IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS - Vol.93 No.11

        <P>In practical settings of wireless sensor networks, it is often feasible to consider heterogeneous deployments of devices with different capabilities. Under prescribed cost constraints, we analyze such heterogenous deployments and present how they impact the coverage of a sensor network including spatial correlation effect. We derive expressions for the heterogeneous mixture of devices that maximizes the lifetime coverage in both single-hop direct and multi-hop communication models. Our results show that using an optimal mixture of many inexpensive low-capability devices and some expensive high-capability devices can significantly extend the duration of a network's sensing performance, especially in a network with low spatial correlation.</P>

      • Base Station Operation and User Association Mechanisms for Energy-Delay Tradeoffs in Green Cellular Networks

        Kyuho Son,Hongseok Kim,Yung Yi,Krishnamachari, B. IEEE 2011 IEEE journal on selected areas in communications Vol.29 No.8

        <P>Energy-efficiency, one of the major design goals in wireless cellular networks, has received much attention lately, due to increased awareness of environmental and economic issues for network operators. In this paper, we develop a theoretical framework for BS energy saving that encompasses dynamic BS operation and the related problem of user association together. Specifically, we formulate a total cost minimization that allows for a flexible tradeoff between flow-level performance and energy consumption. For the user association problem, we propose an optimal energy-efficient user association policy and further present a distributed implementation with provable convergence. For the BS operation problem (i.e., BS switching on/off), which is a challenging combinatorial problem, we propose simple greedy-on and greedy-off algorithms that are inspired by the mathematical background of submodularity maximization problem. Moreover, we propose other heuristic algorithms based on the distances between BSs or the utilizations of BSs that do not impose any additional signaling overhead and thus are easy to implement in practice. Extensive simulations under various practical configurations demonstrate that the proposed user association and BS operation algorithms can significantly reduce energy consumption.</P>

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