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Werner Krauss 한국환경사회학회 2003 환경사회학연구 ECO Vol.4 No.-
This article is a result of the cooperation between South Korean and German scientists and environmentalists for the preservation of the Saemangeum Mal flat area In research and in debates about sustainability, the cultural and social dimensions have hitherto played only a marginal role, The goal of this article is to set in motion an inter-cultural dialogue in which precisely those aspects are brought out in all of their facets and concepts The starting-points are, on one hand, the conflicts between Saemangeum farmers and fishermen with respect to land reclamation projects and, on the other, comparable examples from a current research project on the coast of the Northern Friesian Wadden Sea The history of the Northern Friesian Wadden Sea from land reclamation to nature conservation stands at the centre of the article and shows the complexity of the questions and, above all, that the conflicts do not cease with this paradigm change, Problems of coastal protection, questions of cultural identity, and economic and political arguments also represent a challenge to environmentalism and the sustainability sciences. Who desires to protect nature, and for whom should It be protected? These questions have to be always posed anew and answered from case to case, The shared ground with respect to the preservation of the endangered tidal flat ecosystems In both countries should be viewed in contrasts with the different concepts of nature and culture m East and West, and the different stages of industrialization and the institutionalization of the environmental movement, Taking into account the resulting tension and focussing on the people who live on and from the coast, both offer a unique opportunity to discuss and to develop new paths to sustainable use<br/>
Effects of Hold-Relax and Active Range of Motion on Thoracic Spine Mobility
Melodie Kondratek,Marie-Eve Pepin,John Krauss,Danelle Preston 국제물리치료학회 2012 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.3 No.2
Few studies address the use of manual muscle stretching to improve spinal active range of motion(AROM). There is evidence that‘ Hold-Relax’(HR) is effective for increasing ROM in the extremities, which leads the researchers to anticipate similar benefits in the spine. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of HR(trunk flexors) and active thoracic flexion and extension on thoracic mobility, specifically flexion and extension in healthy individuals. A convenience sample of 30 physical therapy students(22-38 years) were randomly assigned to intervention sequence ‘A-B’ or ‘B-A’, with at least 7 days between interventions. Intervention‘ A’ consisted of HR of the ventral trunk musculature while ‘B’ consisted of thoracic flexionextension AROM. Thoracic flexion and extension AROM were measured before and after each intervention using the double inclinometer method. Paired t-tests were used to compare AROM pre and post-intervention for both groups, and to test for carry-over and learning effects. There was a statistically significant increase(mean=3° ; p=0.006) in thoracic extension following HR of the trunk flexors. There were no significant changes in thoracic flexion following HR, or in flexion or extension following the AROM intervention. No carryover or learning effects were identified. HR may be an effective tool for improving AROM in the thoracic spine in pain free individuals. Further investigation is warranted with symptomatic populations and to define the minimal clinical difference(MCD) for thoracic spine mobility.
이영국,Krauss, George 한국열처리공학회 1999 熱處理工學會誌 Vol.12 No.4
A series of Ni-Cr-Mo alloy steels were austenitized, quenched to martensite, and tempered at various temperature and time conditions. Tensile testing was conducted at room temperature with cylindrical specimens, and hardness was measured using Rockwell hardness tester. In the tempering stage I, high strain hardening and yield strength accounted for the high ultimate strength and hardness. In the tempering stage II, strengths and hardness linearly decreased with increasing tempering temperature. Specimens tempered in the temperin stage III showed incipient discontinuous yielding and tensile strengths only slightly higher than yield strengths. Ductilities decreased slightly in specimens tempered in the tempered martensite embrittlement range, and severely decreased in specimens tempered for 10 hours at 500℃ in the temper embrittlement range. Specimens tempered at 600℃ for 10 hours showed recrystallized microstructures, a number of fine dimples, and increased strain hardening, probably due to the precipitation of alloy carbides. The simple formulae for the mechanical properties of these steels were suggested as a function of carbon content and Hollomon-Jaffe tempering parameter.