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John-James Wilson,Huey-Min Karen-Chia,Kong-Wah Sing,Mohd Sofian-Azirun 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.3
Graphiumbutterflies are famous in PeninsularMalaysia for their colourfulwings, yet their taxonomy remains unresolved. The popular guides to Malaysian butterflies, place the species in one, two or three genera and identificationto species using obscuremorphological characters can be difficult, especially for the closely related species,G. bathycles bathycloides and G. chironidesmalayanum.We sequenced the COI mtDNA barcode for Graphiumspecimensin the Museumof Zoology, University ofMalaya to test the utility of DNA barcoding for the identification ofGraphium species. Additionally, we sequenced 28S rRNA to examine, in conjunction with COI, the phylogeneticrelationships of these species and investigate the validity of Pathysa and Paranticopsis as distinct genera. Wefound that all species of Graphium possessed a distinctive cluster of DNA barcodes with the exception of specimensoriginally identified as G. bathycles bathycloides and G. chironides malayanum which shared DNA barcodes. On further examination we found that the morphological determinations were ambiguous as the specimensoverlapped for diagnostic characters reported for each species. The COI and 28S rRNA phylogenetic trees showeda similar topology with Paranticopsis species forming a clade nested within a larger clade also comprising Pathysaspecies. Based on this topology, in order for Pathysa to be a valid genus, at least three other clades withinGraphium s.l. would also have to be raised as genera.