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Knox, J. J.,Barrios, C. H.,Kim, T. M.,Cosgriff, T.,Srimuninnimit, V.,Pittman, K.,Sabbatini, R.,Rha, S. Y.,Flaig, T. W.,Page, R. D.,Beck, J. T.,Cheung, F.,Yadav, S.,Patel, P.,Geoffrois, L.,Niolat, J.,B Oxford University Press 2017 ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY Vol.28 No.6
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>RECORD-3 compared everolimus and sunitinib as first-line therapy, and the sequence of everolimus followed by sunitinib at progression compared with the opposite (standard) sequence in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). This final overall survival (OS) analysis evaluated mature data for secondary end points.</P><P><B>Patients and methods</B></P><P>Patients received either first-line everolimus followed by second-line sunitinib at progression (<I>n = </I>238) or first-line sunitinib followed by second-line everolimus (<I>n = </I>233). Secondary end points were combined first- and second-line progression-free survival (PFS), OS, and safety. The impacts of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and baseline levels of soluble biomarkers on OS were explored.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>At final analysis, median duration of exposure was 5.6 months for everolimus and 8.3 months for sunitinib. Median combined PFS was 21.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 15.1–26.7] with everolimus-sunitinib and 22.2 months (95% CI 16.0–29.8) with sunitinib-everolimus [hazard ratio (HR)<SUB>EVE-SUN/SUN-EVE</SUB>, 1.2; 95% CI 0.9–1.6]. Median OS was 22.4 months (95% CI 18.6–33.3) for everolimus-sunitinib and 29.5 months (95% CI 22.8–33.1) for sunitinib-everolimus (HR<SUB>EVE-SUN/SUN-EVE</SUB>, 1.1; 95% CI 0.9–1.4). The rates of grade 3 and 4 adverse events suspected to be related to second-line therapy were 47% with everolimus and 57% with sunitinib. Higher NLR and 12 soluble biomarker levels were identified as prognostic markers for poor OS with the association being largely independent of treatment sequences.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Results of this final OS analysis support the sequence of sunitinib followed by everolimus at progression in patients with mRCC. The safety profiles of everolimus and sunitinib were consistent with those previously reported, and there were no unexpected safety signals.</P><P><B>Clinical Trials number</B></P><P>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT00903175</P>
Jeanette Bresson Ladegaard Knox 강원대학교 인문과학연구소 2013 Journal of Humanities Therapy Vol.4 No.-
A philosophical dialogue about the existentially disruptive situation left by cancer can be constructive for life post cancer. In this article I suggest that a Foucauldian interpretation of parrhèsia is a valuable lens that can magnify the kind of dialogue that takes place among survivors of cancer participating in a Socratic Dialogue Group (SDG) as well as conceptualize a fundamental precondition underlying a good philosophical dialogue. After a brief account of the concept of parrhèsia, the article will identify its particular modalities within a SDG and analyze these by using illustrative examples taken from my research. Through these examples I study how parrhèsia can help articulate the relation between truth and subject and display the philosophical objective in a SDG and, finally, the article will show what parrhèsia presents in a setting of this nature both in terms of its potential and its problems.
Jeanette Bresson Ladegaard Knox 강원대학교 인문과학연구소 2015 Journal of Humanities Therapy Vol.6 No.2
A Socratic Dialogue Group (SDG) harbors human drama in the stories and reflections of its participants. Through the use of a theater metaphor, I theoretically expand the method and practical action of SDG, whereby a distinctive approach is developed that emphasizes the art and craftsmanship involved in facilitating Socratic dialogue. It also allows me to bring forth the particular dramatic circumstances of the participants and the communal effort of each individual player in the ensemble. The micro cosmos of SDG incarnates the living, moving world that theater represents. It connects the drama of an individual life to the larger-scale human stories of moral tragedies and the empowering resilience that we see depicted in great plays. In 2012-2013, I conducted three SDGs in connection with a research project involving seventeen rehabilitating cancer patients. In this article, I use these dialogues as a paradigmatic case to illustrate my theater metaphor.
National Academy of Sciences 2014 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.111 No.30
<P>Why have some plants lost the organizational stability in plastid genomes (plastomes) that evolved in their algal ancestors? During the endosymbiotic transformation of a cyanobacterium into the eukaryotic plastid, most cyanobacterial genes were transferred to the nucleus or otherwise lost from the plastome, and the resulting plastome architecture in land plants confers organizational stability, as evidenced by the conserved gene order among bryophytes and lycophytes, whereas ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms share a single, 30-kb inversion. Although some additional gene losses have occurred, gene additions to angiosperm plastomes were previously unknown. Plastomes in the Campanulaceae <I>sensu lato</I> have incorporated dozens of large ORFs (putative protein-coding genes). These insertions apparently caused many of the 125+ large inversions now known in this small eudicot clade. This phylogenetically restricted phenomenon is not biogeographically localized, which indicates that these ORFs came from the nucleus or (less likely) a cryptic endosymbiont.</P>
Consolidating authoritarianism: Policy Responses to Covid-19 in post-Soviet Countries
하희송,( Colin Knox ),( Saltanat Janenova ) 한국행정학회 2020 한국행정학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2020 No.3
This paper considers the policy responses of post-Soviet regimes to the C-19 pandemic compared with OECD countries. It does so using two crude indicators of public policy success: the number of cases and the number of deaths per million resulting from the virus in each of the two categories of countries. We hypothesise that through repression and enforcement powers, post-Soviet countries have witnessed more successful health policy outcomes in tackling the pandemic. The research is cross-sectional in nature and the study shows initial empirical evidence of significantly lower death rates in post-Soviet compared to OECD countries, accepting the limitations of the data used in the analysis. We elaborate further by examining the policy responses of four case study countries to the pandemic: Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkmenistan.
Open Government and Citizens’ Empowerment in Authoritarian States
Bakhytzhan Kurmanov,Knox, Colin 한양대학교 아태지역연구센터 2022 Journal of Eurasian Studies Vol.13 No.2
The introduction of open government has been used in many countries to improve the transparency, accountability of the state, and promote participation by citizens in collaborative governance. Its potential for public services improvement, citizen empowerment, and a positive impact on reducing corruption have attracted scholarly attention. Set alongside this, open government initiatives have facilitated greater access to information which can be used to hold governments to account and, in so doing, build trust between citizens and the state. While open government principles sit easily in democratic systems, some authoritarian states have also adopted this concept. This raises two questions. First, is there evidence that open collaboration, as the most developed form of open government, has empowered citizens in autocracies? Second, and more generally, why would authoritarian regimes seek to adopt open government when the concepts of autocracy and openness are antithetical? This paper attempts to address these questions using three case study countries in Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan which adopted open government policies. It finds evidence of co-optation, network authoritarianism, and state unresponsiveness/resistance to citizens’ inputs.
Krasilnikov, Pavel Mikhailovich,Knox, Peter Petrovich,Rubin, Andrew Borisovich Korean Society of Photoscience 2009 Photochemical & photobiological sciences Vol.8 No.2
The mechanism of protonic relaxation is shown to take place in molecular systems containing hydrogen bonds. The mechanism arises from the proton redistribution between two stable states on hydrogen bond lines. This redistribution occurs due to changes of hydrogen bond double well potential, brought about by changes of the electronic state of a molecular system. A characteristic of the relaxation process is that it takes place due to the proton tunneling along hydrogen bonds. The charge shift causes electrostatic potential variation in the electron localization area, which leads to the shift of molecular system energy levels and changes its redox potential. The characteristic time of the protonic relaxation is shown to depend essentially on hydrogen bond bending strain, which increases with the temperature rise and decreases abruptly the efficiency of proton redistribution. Hence, the rate of this process decreases with temperature, in contrast to the activation process. This relaxation process is shown to be responsible for energetic characteristics of recombination reaction $P^+{Q_A}^-{\rightarrow}PQ_A$ (free energy difference ${\Delta}G$ and/or reorganization energy $\lambda$), temperature dependence in Rhodobacter sphaeroides RC.