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김종민,신기식,이수형,이정서,이택준,Kim, Jongmin,Shin, Kisik,Lee, Soohyung,Lee, Jungseo,Lee, Taekjune 한국물환경학회 2017 한국물환경학회지 Vol.33 No.4
This paper aims to evaluate the characteristics of direct and indirect effluents'toxicity level and difference between two test durations (24 h and 48 h) of test method. The proportion of the indirect effluent samples which exceeded the ecotoxicity permit limitations (TU 1 or TU 2) showed more than 2 times higher than that of direct effluent samples. However, effluent toxicity of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WTPs) indicated less than TU 1 regardless of influent toxicity. From this results, treatment process was thought to have a good efficiency. WTP Salinity was very similar between influent and effluent. This trend could be reconfirmed by the component ratio of ion concentration between them and $Na^+$, $SO_4^{2-}$, $C^-$ lions which have a greater percentage than other ions. In addition, in case of high salinity, toxicity value also showed high level. To judge from above results, indirect effluents which were exempted from application of ecotoxicity standards, may need a new effluent limitations regardless of the treatment efficiency of WTP. According to circumstances, effective countermeasure may need to restrain the discharge of salinity-contained effluents which came from indirect-effluent factories. Test duration comparative study indicated that 48 h results were higher toxicity (exceeding rate of ecotoxicity criteria) than 24 h by the 5 to 5.4 percentage. 24 h test duration seemed to be useful in case of rapid detection, whereas 48 h test method could be applied for reinforcement of ecotoxicity regulatory system.
생태독성기준 미적용 업종 사업장 배출수 생태독성 수준 평가
김종민 ( Jongmin Kim ),신기식 ( Kisik Shin ),이수형 ( Soohyung Lee ),이정서 ( Jungseo Lee ),이택준 ( Taekjune Lee ) 한국물환경학회 2017 한국물환경학회지 Vol.33 No.2
This paper aimed to evaluate the test results of acute toxicity on effluents which were exempted from the application of ecotoxicity criteria. A total 316 effluent samples exempt from ecotoxicity regulation control were tested. The ratio of effluent samples which exceeded the ecotoxicity criteria (TU > I) was 23.7 %, a little bit higher than in a previous similar study (22.7 %). on effluent samples which were controlled under ecotoxicity criteria. This means that our ecotoxicity management system is inappropriate and applications of ecotoxicity criteria to all effluents (82 industriy categories) needed to improve our ecotoxicity system. Given this background, the same numeric criteria (TU I or 2) for 82 industry categories were proposed. The ratio of effluent samples which exceeded the ecotoxicity criteria (TU > I) with D. magna was 23.7 %, but V. flscheri displayed 14.6 %. As an acute toxicity organism, D. magna seemed to be more sensitive than V.flscheri. The ratio of samples which exceeded TU I with D. magna during 24 h exposure was 35 % and after 48 h 41 %.
염 함유 폐수처리수에 대한 Daphnia magna 및 Vibrio fischeri 급성독성 비교연구
김종민 ( Jongmin Kim ),신기식 ( Kisik Shin ),유순주 ( Soonju Yu ),이정서 ( Jungseo Lee ),김웅기 ( Woongki Kim ) 한국물환경학회 2015 한국물환경학회지 Vol.31 No.5
This paper aims to evaluate the results of acute toxicity testing with Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri and characteristics of ionic substance of treated effluent which contained salt. Acute toxicity with Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri and salinity of 19 samples (4 business categories) were analysed. Salinity of effluent could explain the fluctuation of toxicity with D. magna about 66% ~ 91% (r2 = 0.66 ~ 0.91). The results of acute toxicity testing with V. fischeri of treated effluent (aggregate manufacture facilities) did not indicate toxicity (TU = 0), whereas that of chemical manufacture facilities indicated toxicity. V. fischeri, a candidate test organism, seemed suitable test organism for acute toxicity testing of effluent except high salinity (above 65‰ ~ 70‰) in aggregate manufacture facilities (nonmetalic minerals facilities). The performance of ion composition about treated effluent of surveyed facilities indicated that ion concentration of Na+ (5,740 mg/L) and Cl- (9,727 mg/L) showed high level among 6 major ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO4 2-, Cl-) in effluent of nonmetalic minerals facilities. In addition, Clion seemed to influence the D. magna survival rather than Na+ ion.
Toxkits에 의한 물벼룩 급성독성시험방법의 제도적용 적합성 평가
김종민 ( Jongmin Kim ),신기식 ( Kisik Shin ),이정서 ( Jungseo Lee ),이택준 ( Taekjune Lee ) 한국물환경학회 2017 한국물환경학회지 Vol.33 No.2
This paper aimed to evaluate the results of an altemative acute toxicity test on 83 wastewater samples. Each sample was tested by a traditional method (laboratory-cultured D. magna as test organisms) and an alternative method (Toxkit, purchased from a specialized company, MicroBioTests Inc., Mariakerke [Gent], Belgium). The relationship between the laboratory-cultured toxicity and Toxkit`s toxicity indicated a strong relationship (r<sub>2</sub> =.84, P < .01, N = 83). The number of samples which displayed a small difference of less than .5 between the two test methods was 52 and accounted for 63% of the collected samples. In addition, these 52 samples exhibited a low average toxicity of TU .5 (laboratory culture method) and TU .45 (Toxkit`s method), whereas samples with big differences between the two methods` results displayed a tendency of higher toxicities. These results indicate that the alternative toxicity test method can be applied if samples have a toxicity of less than TU 2. Also, Toxkit`s test results displayed EC<sub>50</sub> values between 0.93 and 1.68 mg/L which can be considered to conform with quality control standard.
Ulva bioassay as a tool to assess potential toxicity in industrial wastewater
Hojun Lee(이호준),Kisik Shin(신기식),Jihae Park(박지혜),Soyeon Choi(최소연),Geonhee Kim(김건희),Stephen Depuydt(스테픈 데퓨잇),Taejun Han(한태준) 환경독성보건학회 2021 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.5
Industrial wastewater is a complex source of organic and man-made pollutants containing numerous metal ions. These effluents can be a major problem for the environment due to their complex chemical content, which is known for its toxicity and low biodegradability, which can have harmful effects on the aquatic environment. In this study, we used the green macroalga Ulva pertusa to evaluate the toxicity of wastewater samples from 99 industries in South Korea and to characterize the relationship between ecotoxicity and chemical content to identify chemicals that could contribute to overall ecotoxicity. Although the metal content of most of the effluents did not exceed the allowable criteria, the measured ecological toxicity of the effluents is related to Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. Specifically in the area of metals, the Ulva bioassay shows a positive and important relationship with Cr. These results highlight the importance of biological assays to continuously monitor the toxicity of treated wastewater to prevent harmful effects on the environment. The results also suggest that ecotoxicity data are needed in parallel with chemical data to better assess the safety of wastewater discharges to the environment.
Toxicity testing of wastewater and inter-laboratory comparison based on Lemna minor root elongation
Jihae Park(박지혜),Eun-Jin Yoo(유은진),Kisik Shin(신기식),Soyeon Choi(최소연),Hojun Lee(이호준),Geonhee Kim(김건희),Stephen Depuydt(스테픈 데퓨잇),Jonas De Sager(요나스 데 세거),Taejun Han(한태준) 환경독성보건학회 2021 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.5
The Lemna minor root regrowth test method is a toxicity test performed with very simple equipment and only one L. minor plant (two- to three-frond) in each culture well, cutting the roots before exposure and measuring the regrowth of the newly developed roots after three days. As a substrate for laboratory toxicity assays, L. minor has the advantages of small size, structural simplicity and rapid growth. Compared to the three internationally standardized methods, this bioassay is faster, simpler, more convenient and cheaper. It can be applied to a variety of sample types, including (a) individual chemicals, commercial products or known mixtures of chemicals, (b) industrial or urban freshwater effluents, elutriates or leachates and (c) surface freshwater or receiving waters. The test can be used alone or as part of a test battery to determine and monitor the toxic effects of individual substances or complex mixtures that may be harmful to aquatic life in freshwater ecosystems, and as a weight-of-evidence approach to determine the need for controlling discharges and setting effluent standards.