An Optimality- Theoretic Approach to Korean and English Consonant Cluster Simplification

Kim Won-bo 한국음운론학회 1998 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.4 No.-

Kim, Won-Bo 1998. An Optimality-Theoretic Approach to Korean and English Consonant Cluster Simplification. Studies in Phonetics Phonology and Morphology 4, 109-124. The purpose of this paper is to show how consonant cluster simplification of both standard Korean and Kyengsang dialect as well as of English can be explained in a unified manner under Optimality Theory. To do so, we propose a new constraint, Spontaneous Voice Constraint, which uses manner feature of articulation, and attempt to account for consonant cluster simplification of Korean and English with the newly proposed constraint plus several other existing constraints under Optimality Theory.(Cheju National University)

백서 정중구개봉합 확대후의 CGRP 면역반응 신경섬유의 변화

김보경,박국필,경희문,권오원,성재현 대한치과교정학회 1999 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.29 No.1

측방확대장치에 의한 정중구개봉합부의 확대시 고정력은 구개부의 신경요소들에 변화를 일으키면서 동통을 유발하게 되고 구개봉합부가 확대되고 그것이 유지되는 동안에 기계적 자극에 의한 구개부신경섬유의 반응성에 변화를 일으킬 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구에서는 백서 정중구개봉합부의 CGRP 면역반응 신경섬유의 교정력 적용시간에 따른 형태학적인 반응성, 밀도, 분포변화등을 관찰하고 그와 연관된 CGRP의 기능을 알아보고 자 250gm내외의 Sprague-Dawley 웅성백서 상악전치에 200gm의 치아이개력이 가해지도록 활성화시킨 helical spring을 삽입하여 정상대조군과 장치 장착후 경과시간에 따라 1일, 4일, 7일, 14일 경과군으로 나누어 정중구개봉합부를 확대후 희생시켜 면역조직화학법으로 염색하여 관찰하였다. · 대조군에서 정중구개 봉합붑 결합조직의 CGRP 면역양성 신경섬유는 거의 관찰되지 않았다. · 1일군에서는 대조군에 비해 CGRP 면역반응 신경섬유가 현저한 증가를 보였으며 주로 혈관 주위에 염주알 모양의 가는 신경섬유가 관찰되었다. · 4일군에서는 CGRP 면역반응 신경섬유가 대조군에 비해서는 현저한 증가를 보였으나 1일군에 비해서는 크게 증가하지 않았으며 혈관의 크기가 훨씬 확장되어 관찰되었다. · 7일군에서는 특징적으로 조골양세포가 새로이 형성된 골변연을 따라 줄지어 배열되는 독특한 양상이 관찰되었고 신경섬유의 수는 4일군에 비하여 감소하고 혈관의 직경도 감소되었다. · 14일군에서는 CGRP 면역반응 신경섬유가 7일군과 유사한 분포를 보였으며 확대에 의한 골변연의 불규칙성도 대체로 감소되었다. CGRP 면역반응 신경섬유는 정중구개봉합의 확대시 초기에 일어나는 신경원성 염증반응에 주로 관련되어 증식되는 것으로 생각된다. Midplatal suture expansion is often used for patients having narrow maxillary arch, cleft palate, respiratory handicap with narrow nasal cavity. CGRP has been known as a modulator of pain transmission in central nervous system and a local effector to peripheral tissue causing vasodilation, increase of blood flow, modulation of immune system, regulation of macrophagic function and stimulation of bone formation. To investigate changes of CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers in midpalatal suture during the the expansion, immunohistochemical study was performed by using rats. Experimental rats(10weeks, 250gm) were divided into five groups(control, 1, 4, 7, 14 days group (each n=4) and applied orthodontic force (approximately 200gm) to upper anterior incisors. Frozen sections of midpalatal suture area were immunostained by using rabbit antisera. The results were as follows. · The CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were hardly observed in control group. · In 1 day group, the CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were more increased around the vessels than control group. · In 4 days group, the CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were more increased than control group, but not more increased than 1 day group. Vascular diameter was more enlarged. · In 7 days group, expecially, hematoxilin affinity of cells was remarkable and cells were arranged along the bone margin. The CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were more reduced than 4 days group and vascular diameter was also reduced. · In 14 dayds group, the CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were similar to those of 7 days group and the irregularity of bone margin was almost recoverd. In Conclusion, the CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers may be related to initial neurogenic inflammatory reaction in expanding mid-palatal suture.

Verbal Conjugation and Glide Formation in Cheju Dialect

Won-bo Kim 한국음운론학회 2000 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.6 No.1

Kim, Won-boo 2000. Verbal Conjugation and Glide Formation in Cheju Dialect. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 6.1, 59-74. This paper deals with both glide formation and insertion to resolve a vowel hiatus within the framework of Optimality Theory when verbs conjugate in Cheju dialect. In this paper, two crucial constraints Onset and OCP are used in addition to the constraints MAX-IO/MAX-OO, MAX(??)-IO/MAX (??)-00 and DEP. IO/DEP-OO. It is shown that vowel hiatus resolution takes place in not only input-to-output correspondence but also output-to-output correspondence, which requires the higher-ranked constraint Struc (б). (Cheju National University)

황토와 생석회의 혼합비율에 따른 축산폐수 처리에 관한 연구

김보국,신은섭,원찬희 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1999 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.14 No.1

This study was conducted in order to investigate removal efficiency of turbidity, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus to reduce environmental pollution of treatment livestock wastewater with mixed proportion of loess and lime. The result of study, the removal of turbidity, COD_Cr and T-P increased along the dosage, and was to be fixed above the appropriate dosage. In the removal turbidity, the appropriate mixed proportion of loess and lime was Loess:Lime = 3:7, the appropriate dosage was 30g. In the removal COD_Cr, T-P and TKN was Loess:Lime = 3:7, 30g, Loess:Lime = 5:5, 20g, Loess:Lime = 5:5, 40g, respectively.

전통서사의 외연 : 『반지의 제왕』의 대중성

김보원 한국방송통신대학교 통합인문학연구소 2010 통합인문학연구 Vol.2 No.1

이 논문은J. R. R. 톨킨의 『반지의 제왕』이 획득한 대중성에 주목하여 서사적 특성을 중심으로 작품의 의미를 살펴보고 이를 통해 판타지 문학의 위상과 의의를 본격 문학과의 관계 속에서 조망하려는 시도이다. 논의는 크게 두 가지로 나뉜다. 먼저 판타지 고유의 ‘유토피아적 상상력’으로 빚어진 가운데 땅의 환상성이 독자들을 사로잡고 이들에게 관습적 세계를 뛰어 넘는 통찰을 선사하는 양상을 살펴보고, 아울러 서사 전개에 있어서도 중 세 로맨스의 통상적 구조와 어긋난 전복적 특성이 있음을 확인한다. 한편 이와는 대조적으로 서사 전개와 함께 이 작품에서 종국적으로 제시하는 가치와 질서는 비교적 전통주의적인 성향을 보인다는 점이 주목을 요하는데, 이는 양차대전을 거치며 혼란의 시대를 거쳐 온 서구의 독서 대중에게 이런 가치들이 정서적 안정과 위로를 가져다주었기 때문인 것으로 해석된다. 이 두 가지 대조적인 특성은 주류 문학에서 배제되고 폄하되어 온 것들 이라는 공통점을 지니지만, 그럼에도 불구하고 이는 전통 서사의 외연에 항상 굳건히 존재하던 정서와 가치들이라는 사실도 기억할 필요가 있다. 요컨대 영상 시대의 전개와 함께 문학과 서사의 위축이 심화되고 있는 현재의 문학 지형에서 『반지의 제왕』이 확보한 대중성은 판타지 및 환상 문학의 고유한 특성을 주류 문학에서 적극적으로 끌어안는 포용적 자세가 절실함을 확인시켜 준다. This paper tries first to explain the narrative characteristics of J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings and then to appraise the status and significance of fantasy literature with regard to the literary mainstream. First of all, the readers are captivated by the fantastic nature of Middle-earth created by the utopian imagination proper to the literary fantasy, and they are presented with insight into the conventional world. The fantastic is also ascertained in the unique narrative structure subverting that of the standard Medieval Romance. On the other hand, it is worth noticing that readers find traditional or conventional values and order underscored at the end of the story, which are believed to have comforted and consoled those who had witnessed the hardships brought on by two world wars. Even though these two characteristics-fantasy and traditional values- have been disregarded and ignored by the literary mainstream, they have always remained firm within the extension of the traditional narrative. In conclusion, the popular appeal of The Lord of the Rings assures us of the necessity for the broad minded embrace of fantasy in narrative have been increasingly diminished and thwarted by visual mass media such as films, television and animation.

디지털 측방두부규격방사선사진과 MDCT의 3차원 재구성 영상을 이용한 합성측방두부규격방사선사진의 계측치 비교 및 머리 위치가 미치는 효과

김미자,최보람,허경회,이원진,허민석,이삼선,최순철 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2009 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.39 No.3

Purpose : To investigate the reproducibilities and compare the measurements in digital and MDCT-synthesized cephalometric radiograph, and to investigate the effect of head position on the measurement during imaging with MDCT. Materials and Methods : Twenty-two dry skulls (combined with mandible) were used in this study. Conventional digital cephalometric radiograph was taken in standard position, and MDCT was taken in standard position and two rotated position (10°left rotation and 10°right tilting). MDCT data were imported in OnDemand?? and lateral cephalometric radiograph were synthesized from 3D virtual models. Two types of rotated MDCT data were synthesized with default mode and with corrected mode using both ear rods. For all six images, sixteen angular and eleven linear measurements were made in V-Ceph?? three times. Reproducibility of measurements was assessed using repeated measures ANOVA and ICC. Linear and angular measurements were compared between digital and five MDCTsynthesized images by Student t-test. Results : All measurements in six types of cephalometric radiograph were not statistically different under ICC examination. Measurements were not different between digital and MDCT-synthesized images (P> .05). Measurements in MDCT-synthesized image in 10°left rotation or 10°right tilting position showed possibility of difference from digital image in some measurements, and possibility of improvement via realignment of head position using both ear rods. Conclusion : MDCT-synthesized cephalometric radiograph can substitute conventional cephalometric radiograph. The error on head position during imaging with MDCT have possibility that can produce measurement errors with MDCT-synthesized image, and these position error can be corrected by realignment of the head position using both ear rods. (Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2009; 39 : 133-47)

이동형 발전기의 접지대책에 관한 연구

金正勳,柳輔赫,魏湲錫 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2000 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.11 No.-

In this paper, portable and vehicle-mounted generators grounding methods of low-voltage systems is compared to each other. Ungrouded system is better for the safety operation than solidly grounding system. Solidly-grounding method causes so high fault current that its safety voltages is lower than the ungrounded method. This paper also determined the magnitude and duration of the pelniissible body current limit and step voltage for the solidly-grounding and ungrounded system.

Continuous Wave of Condensation Technique으로 근관충전시 치근면 온도상승 분석

김영주,황윤찬,김선호,황인남,최보영,정영진,정우남,오원만 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2003 구강과학 Vol.15 No.4

This study was conducted to evaluate safety to the supporting tissues of the root while the root canal is obturated using continuous wave of condensation technique. A extracted maxillary central incisor was prepared for repeated canal obturation. After conventional access opening, working length was then established to the point 1㎜ from anatomical root apex. The root canal was prepared with GT rotary Ni-Ti file (Dentsply Maillefer, Switzerland). Five thermocouples (Onega Engineering Inc., USA) were placed at 2㎜ increments on one side beginning 1㎜ from the anatomical root apex and the other five thermocouples at 2㎜ increments on the other side beginning 2㎜ from it. For obturation, a nonstandardized medium size gutta-percha cone and a ML Buchanan plugger (Analytic technologies, USA) were selected. After drying of root canal, AH 26 root canal sealer (Dentsply Detrey, Germany) was applied on the wall of the root canal. Baseline temperature was measured on the root surface. The ML size plugger was preheated for 2seconds and then the real temperature of it was recorded before insertion into the root canal. The root canal was obturated with continuous wave of condensation technique as described by Buchanan. The root surface temperature was recorded during obturation and it was performed ten times at each of the following temperature settings: 150℃, 200℃, 250℃ and 300℃. After completion of the temperature recording, the dentinal-cementum thickness at each sites where thermocouples were attached was measured. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's test and linear regression test. The results were as follows. 1. When the temperature was set at 150℃, 200℃, 250℃ and 300℃ on the digital display of System B HeatSource, the real temperature of the plugger at the 1㎜ point from the tip revealed 130.82±2.96℃, 158.00±5.26℃, 215.92±6.91℃ and 249.88±3.65℃ respectively. 2. The position of 8 ㎜ from the anatomical apex showed the highest temperature increase at each temperature settings and it was significantly higher than those of other positions (p<0.01). The temperature rise was constantly increased toward coronal portion from apex of the root. 3. The maximum temperature increase on the root surface was 2.37±0.09℃ at 150℃ setting, 3.11±0.12℃ at 200℃ setting, 3.93± 0.09℃ at 250℃ setting and 5.69± 0.15℃ at 300℃ setting. These results suggest that it be relatively kind to the supporting tissues of the root that the root canal is obturated using continuous wave of condensation technique at 150℃, 200℃, 250℃ and 300℃ temperature settings on digital display of System B HeatSource.

고정화 백색부후균을 이용한 제지폐수처리

金保局,元燦熙 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1996 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.1

The discharge of papermill wastewater has been continuously increased from 512,000 ㎥/day in 1987 to 735,000 ㎥/day in 1994. The method used for treating this type of industrial wastewater has been an activated sludge process, which may be the most effective and widely used form of biological wastewater treatment, but this method causes some operational problems when it is applied for treating a papermill wastewater: i. e.) 1) activated sludge processes are efficient for reducing BOD removal but are not effective in reducing COD level due to a higher fraction of NBDCOD caused mainly by celluloses and lignins, 2) the extra sludge production is too much. It is known that lignins can be soundly degraded by Phanerochaete chrysosporium called "a white rot fungi". Treating papermill wastewater using an immobilized Phanerochaete chrysosporium would give some relative benefits: 1) it can reduce a significant fraction of NBDCOD of the papermill wastewater, 2) the sludge production can be reduced. The results of this study can be used to provide not only new and innovative design parameters for prototype treatment process but also to renovate the existing treatment facilities. The results of this study are follows; 1) Nutrient(P) injection had no significant effect on the removal efficiency. 2) The operational condition that could keep the national discharge limit of effluent("Na" zone, less than COD_Mn 90㎎/ℓ and less than BOD_5 80㎎/ℓ) was about 0.33㎏-BOD_5/㎥·day or less, and was required for the same limit more than 8 hours of hydraulic time. 3) The sludge produced from treating one cubic meter of papermill wastewater was about 0.001 ∼ 0.06 ㎏/㎥, which is much less than the amount of activated sludge produced.

大學入學 論述考査 定着에 관한 效率的인 方案 探索 : 順天大學의 模型開發을 중심으로 Focus on the Model Development for Suncheon University

金赫坤,趙湲來,安桂洙,宋寶鉉 순천대학 학생생활연구소 1986 學生生活硏究 Vol.5 No.-