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Kim, Sin Gon,Kim, Nam Hoon,Ku, Bon Jeong,Shon, Ho Sang,Kim, Doo Man,Park, Tae Sun,Kim, Yong‐,Seong,Kim, In Joo,Choi, Dong Seop John Wiley & Sons Ltd 2017 Journal of diabetes investigation Vol.8 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Aims/Introduction</B></P><P>To assess the time to initiation of insulin therapy, and concurrently investigate both patient‐ and physician‐related factors associated with delaying insulin therapy in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled by oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs).</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>This prospective, observational disease registry study was carried out across 69 centers in Korea. Type 2 diabetes patients who had received two or more OHAs within the past 5 years, had a glycated hemoglobin ≥8% in the past 6 months and had not received insulin were included. Data recorded on data collection forms during a 12‐month period were analyzed.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Of 2168 patients enrolled, 1959 were evaluated and classified as the insulin‐initiated or insulin‐delayed group. Insulin was prescribed for just 20% of the patients during a 1‐year follow‐up period, and less than half (44.5%) of the patients who were taking two OHAs started insulin after 6 years. Patient‐related factors for delay in insulin initiation included older age, shorter duration of diabetes and lower glycated hemoglobin. Physician‐related factors included age (~50 to <60 years), sex (women) and number (<1000) of patients consulted per month. Patient refusal (33.6%) and physicians’ concerns of patient non‐compliance (26.5%) were the major physician‐reported reasons for delaying insulin therapy. Inconvenience of insulin therapy (51.6%) and fear of injection (48.2%) were the major reasons for patient refusal.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Insulin initiation is delayed in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled by two or more OHAs in Korea. Patient‐ and physician‐related factors associated with this delay need to be addressed for better diabetes management.</P>
Kim, So Ri,Yoon, Hax2010,Yong,Jin, Gong Yong,Choe, Yeong Hun,Park, Seung Yong,Lee, Yong Chul Wiley-Blackwells 2016 Thoracic cancer Vol.7 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Melanoma is a cutaneous malignant neoplasm of melanocytes. Primary malignant melanoma (MM) of the lung is very rare. Although previous reports have described the radiologic features of pulmonary MM, its rarity means that many factors are unknown. Thus, radiologic diagnosis is very difficult. Furthermore, there is little information regarding diagnostic application and/or the usefulness of [<SUP>18</SUP>F]‐fluorine‐2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (FDG‐PET‐CT) for primary pulmonary MM. A 69‐year‐old patient with a productive cough lasting three weeks was admitted to our hospital. Chest CT showed a large single mass with a multi‐lobulated margin and homogeneous enhancement in the right upper lobe, which was subsequently diagnosed as a primary pulmonary MM with multiple metastases. On PET‐CT images, the pulmonary mass and multiple bone lesions showed very increased uptakes of FDG. Considering that pulmonary metastasis from a mucocutaneous melanoma is the main differential diagnosis of primary pulmonary MM, systemic assessment of the whole body is more important than for other types of lung malignancies. This report introduces PET‐CT as a useful diagnostic modality for pulmonary MM, especially in cases of distant multiple metastases.</P>
Kim, Minx2010,Seok,Lee, Geunx2010,Hee,Kim, Yong‐,Min,Lee, Byoungx2010,Wook,Nam, Hae Yun,Sim, Ux2010,Cheol,Choo, Sukx2010,Jung,Yu, Seongx2010,Woon,Kim, Jaex2010,Joong,Kim Kwon, Yunh unknown 2017 Stem cells translational medicine Vol.6 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Data are limited on the mechanisms underlying memory impairment in heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that angiotensin II (Ang II) may determine the fate of adult hippocampal neural stem cells (HCNs), a cause of memory impairment in HF. HCNs with neurogenesis potential were isolated and cultured from adult rat hippocampi. Ang II decreased HCN proliferation in dose‐ and time‐dependent manners. Moreover, Ang II treatment (1 µM) for 48 hours induced apoptotic death, which was attenuated by pretreatment with Ang II receptor blockers (ARBs). Ang II increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which was related to mitochondrial morphological changes and functional impairment. Moreover, ROS activated the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and consequent peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1‐alpha (PGC1α) expression, causing cell apoptosis. In the HF rat model induced by left anterior descending artery ligation, ARB ameliorated the spatial memory ability which decreased 10 weeks after ischemia. In addition, neuronal cell death, especially of newly born mature neurons, was observed in HF rat hippocampi. ARB decreased cell death and promoted the survival of newly born neural precursor cells and mature neurons. In conclusion, Ang II caused HCN apoptosis through mitochondrial ROS formation and subsequent AMPK‐PGC1α signaling. ARB improved learning and memory behaviors impaired by neuronal cell death in the HF animal model. These findings suggest that HCN is one treatment target for memory impairment in HF and that ARBs have additional benefits in HF combined with memory impairment. S<SMALL>TEM</SMALL> C<SMALL>ELLS</SMALL> T<SMALL>RANSLATIONAL</SMALL> M<SMALL>EDICINE</SMALL><I>2017;6:1491–1503</I></P>
Kim, Hyunx2010,Kyung,Lee, Jungx2010,Hyun,Kim, Yong‐,Joo,Nu Zheng, Zhen,Lee, Soon W. WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 European journal of inorganic chemistry Vol.2013 No.28
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Dinuclear (π‐allyl)palladium chlorides, [(π‐allyl)Pd(μ‐Cl)]<SUB>2</SUB>, were cleaved by N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) to give mononuclear (π‐allyl)palladium–NHC chlorides, [(π‐allyl)Pd(Cl)(NHC)] (<B>1</B>–<B>6</B>) [NHC = 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene (IPR), 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐4,5‐dihydroimidazol‐2‐ylidine (SIPR), 1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene (IMes)]. Complexes <B>1</B>–<B>6</B> were subsequently treated with aqueous NaN<SUB>3</SUB>, KSCN, KOCN, and CF<SUB>3</SUB>COOAg to produce the corresponding mononuclear (π‐allyl)palladium–NHC pseudohalogen complexes, [(π‐allyl)Pd(X)(NHC)] (X = N<SUB>3</SUB>, NCS, SCN, NCO, CF<SUB>3</SUB>COO) (<B>7</B>–<B>30</B>). These products could also be obtained by treating dinuclear pseudohalogen‐bridged Pd complexes, [(π‐allyl)Pd(μ‐X)]<SUB>2</SUB>, which were prepared by replacing the μ‐Cl ligand in [(π‐allyl)Pd(μ‐Cl)]<SUB>2</SUB>, with aqueous NaN<SUB>3</SUB>, KSCN, KOCN, or CF<SUB>3</SUB>COOAg, followed by cleavage with the NHCs. Reactions of [(π‐allyl)Pd(N<SUB>3</SUB>)(NHC)] with organic isothiocyanates (R–NCS) or CH<SUB>3</SUB>O(CO)C≡CO(CO)CH<SUB>3</SUB> resulted in selective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition into the Pd–azido bond to give heterocyclic compounds. By contrast, analogous reactions of [(η<SUP>3</SUP>‐allyl)Pd(N<SUB>3</SUB>)(IPr)] with an organic isocyanide (R–NC: R = <I>tert</I>‐butyl, benzyl) gave the adduct [(η<SUP>3</SUP>‐allyl)Pd(N<SUB>3</SUB>)(IPr)]<B>·</B>(R–NC) as the only product or a mixture of the adduct and a dipolar cycloaddition product, [(η<SUP>3</SUP>‐allyl)Pd{CN<SUB>4</SUB>(R)}(IPr)], depending on the isocyanides used. Finally, a series of (π‐allyl)Pd–NHC pseudohalogen complexes, [(π‐allyl)Pd(X)(NHC)], exhibited high catalytic activity in Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions of aryl chlorides with arylboronic acids.</P>
Kim, Seix2010,Yong,Jeong, Wonx2010,Ik,Mayr, Christian,Park, Youngx2010,Seo,Kim, Kwonx2010,Hyeon,Lee, Jeongx2010,Hwan,Moon, Changx2010,Ki,Brü,tting, Wolfgang,Kim, Jangx2010,Joo WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 Advanced Functional Materials Vol.23 No.31
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>High‐efficiency phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) doped with Ir(ppy)<SUB>2</SUB>(acac) [bis(2‐phenylpyridine)iridium(III)‐acetylacetonate] in an exciplex forming co‐host have been optically analyzed. This emitter has a preferred orientation with the horizontal to vertical dipole ratio of 0.77:0.23 as compared to 0.67:0.33 in the isotropic case. Theoretical analysis based on the orientation factor (<I>Θ</I>, the ratio of the horizontal dipoles to total dipoles) and the photoluminescence quantum yield (<I>q</I><SUB>PL</SUB>) of the emitter predicts that the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the OLEDs with this emitter is about 30%, which matches very well with the experimental data, indicating that the electrical loss of the OLEDs is negligible and the device structure can be utilized as a platform to demonstrate the validity of optical modeling. Based on the results, the maximum EQE achievable for a certain emitting dye in a host can be predicted by just measuring <I>q</I><SUB>PL</SUB> and <I>Θ</I> in a neat film on glass without the need to fabricate devices, which offers a universal plot of the maximum EQE as a function of <I>q</I><SUB>PL</SUB> and <I>Θ</I>.</P>
Jo, Changshin,Hwang, Jongkook,Song, Hannah,Dao, Anh Ha,Kim, Yong‐,Tae,Lee, Sang Hyup,Hong, Seok Won,Yoon, Songhun,Lee, Jinwoo WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 Advanced functional materials Vol.23 No.30
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>An ordered mesoporous tungsten‐oxide/carbon (denoted as m‐WO<SUB>3−<I>x</I></SUB>‐C‐s) nanocomposite is synthesized using a simple one‐pot method using polystyrene‐<I>block</I>‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PS‐<I>b</I>‐PEO) as a structure‐directing agent. The hydrophilic PEO block interacts with the carbon and tungsten precursors (resol polymer and WCl<SUB>6</SUB>), and the PS block is converted to pores after heating at 700 °C under a nitrogen flow. The m‐WO<SUB>3−<I>x</I></SUB>‐C‐s nanocomposite has a high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and hexagonally ordered pores. Because of its mesoporous structure and high intrinsic density of tungsten oxide, this material exhibits a high average volumetric capacitance and gravimetric capacitance as a pseudocapacitor electrode. In comparison with reduced mesoporous tungsten oxide (denoted as m‐WO<SUB>3−<I>x</I></SUB>‐h), which is synthesized by a tedious hard template approach and further reduction in a H<SUB>2</SUB>/N<SUB>2</SUB> atmosphere, m‐WO<SUB>3−<I>x</I></SUB>‐C‐s shows a high capacitance and enhanced rate performance, as confirmed by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The good performance of m‐WO<SUB>3−<I>x</I></SUB>‐C‐s is attributed to the high surface area arising from the mesoporous structure, the large interconnected mesopores, and the low internal resistance from the well‐dispersed reduced tungsten oxide and amorphous carbon composite structure. Here, the amorphous carbon acts as an electrical pathway for effective pseudocapacitor behavior of WO<SUB><I>3‐x</I></SUB>.</P>
Pro‐apoptotic Noxa is involved in ablative focal irradiation‐induced lung injury
Kim, Jeex2010,Youn,An, Yong‐,Min,Choi, Won Hoon,Kim, Jinx2010,Mo,Cho, Samju,Yoo, Byung Rok,Kang, Jeong Wook,Lee, Yunx2010,Sil,Lee, Yoonx2010,Jin,Cho, Jaeho CAROL DAVILA UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.21 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Although lung injury including fibrosis is a well‐documented side effect of lung irradiation, the mechanisms underlying its pathology are poorly understood. X‐rays are known to cause apoptosis in the alveolar epithelial cells of irradiated lungs, which results in fibrosis due to the proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts and the deposition of collagen. Apoptosis and BH3‐only pro‐apoptotic proteins have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Recently, we have established a clinically analogous experimental model that reflects focal high‐dose irradiation of the ipsilateral lung. The goal of this study was to elucidate the mechanism underlying radiation‐induced lung injury based on this model. A radiation dose of 90 Gy was focally delivered to the left lung of C57BL/6 mice for 14 days. About 9 days after irradiation, the mice began to show increased levels of the pro‐apoptotic protein Noxa in the irradiated lung alongside increased apoptosis and fibrosis. Suppression of Noxa expression by small interfering RNA protected cells from radiation‐induced cell death and decreased expression of fibrogenic markers. Furthermore, we showed that reactive oxygen species participate in Noxa‐mediated, radiation‐induced cell death. Taken together, our results show that Noxa is involved in X‐ray‐induced lung injury.</P>
Kim, Hyunx2010,Ouk,Kim, Eunjung,An, Yonghee,Choi, Jihye,Jang, Eunji,Choi, Eun Bi,Kukreja, Aastha,Kim, Myeongx2010,Hoon,Kang, Byunghoon,Kim, Dongx2010,Joo,Suh, Jinx2010,Suck,Huh, Yong‐,Mi WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 Macromolecular bioscience Vol.13 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Combined cancer treatment via co‐delivery of siRNAs and an anticancer drug can be a promising strategy due to the synergistic effect of simultaneously minimizing gene/drug administration. In this study, Bcl‐xL siRNA and doxorubicin (DOX) are encapsulated into designed methoxy‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐<I>block</I>‐poly(<SMALL>D</SMALL>,<SMALL>L</SMALL>‐lactic acid) (mPEG‐<I>b</I>‐PLA) block copolymer polymersomes (PSomes). A study of the cytotoxicity of Bcl‐xL siRNA and DOX co‐encapsulated PSomes (CPSomes) shows more inhibited proliferation of MKN‐45 and MKN‐28 human gastric cancer cell lines than only gene‐ and drug‐loaded ones. Consequently, these results demonstrate that co‐delivery of genes and drugs using PSomes results in a synergistic efficacy and indicates the potential of PSomes as efficient nanocarriers for combined cancer therapy. </P>
Large‐Deformation Behavior of Honeycomb‐Structured Polymer Sheets as a Function of Polar Angle
Jin, Kwangx2010,Yong,Kim, Daex2010,Yoon,Kim, Sox2010,Eun,Kuo, Shiaox2010,Wei,Lee, Joong Hee,Lyu, Minx2010,Young,Hwang, Seokx2010,Ho,Gent, Alan N.,Nah, Changwoon,Jeong, Kwangx2010,Un WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 Macromolecular chemistry and physics Vol.212 No.9
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>To construct the structure/property relationships of patterned polymer architectures depending on symmetry, the large‐deformation behavior of 2D HSPS with respect to the polar angle was studied. Holes aligned along the HSPS apex were more effective in decreasing tensile force and reducing stress concentration than those located along the plane. On varying the polar angle from 0 to 30°, the tensile force fluctuated up and down like an undamped negative sinusoidal wave with a wavelength of 15°. Additionally, molecular orientations of HSPS were monitored in situ. By comparing experimental measurements with computer simulations, it was concluded that the tensile force depends on the number of holes as well as the orientation of the axes of the honeycomb structure. </P>
Park, Kon Ji,Kim, Yelim,Lee, Myungx2010,su,Park, Yong Sun WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2014 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Vol.2014 No.8
<P>N-Benzoyl-L-threonine-isopropyl-ester-mediated crystallization-induced dynamic resolution (CIDR) of configurationally labile -bromo arylacetates has been investigated. The CIDR was successfully used for the asymmetric preparation of these compounds with up to 98:2 dr, under solution and solvent-free conditions. Subsequent nucleophilic substitution reactions with sulfur and oxygen nulceophiles gave -thio and -oxy arylacetates with up to 98:2 dr. The method was further developed for the preparation of highly enantioenriched 2-phenylthio-2-arylethanols with up to 97:3 er, and 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones with up to 94:6 er.</P>