디지탈 통신 학습 시뮬레이터

송현교,김연구,이택희,강민구 호남대학교 정보통신연구소 1995 정보통신연구 Vol.4 No.-

본 논문에서는 실제 통신망에서 발생할 수 있는 데이타 전송과정을 컴퓨터상에 시뮬레이션하는 프로그램으로서, PC의 WINSOW 환경하에서 Visual-Basic을 활용하여 통신신호의 흐름과정을 하나의 화면에서 구현하도록 부호화와 변조파형을 표현하고 이 신호의 복조와 복호과정을 시뮬에이션한다. 아울러 통신채널에서 발생하는 랜덤오류를 제어하는 오류정정을 포함함으로서 통신이론을 이해하고 학습하는데 많은 도움이 될 수 있도록 통신신호에 대한 그래픽 처리에 목적을 둔다. In this thesis, the graphic signal for communication is presented in the WINDOW using `Visual-Basic'. All signals of PCM encoding/decoding and modulation/demodulation are processed in the same picture. Especially, error control schemes which are parity check, longiudinal redundancy check, cyclic redundancy check, are described for more reliable communication.

여성 경도 알쯔하이머형 치매군, 치매의심군 그리고 비치매 대조군간의 신경인지기능 비교

이은하,안석균,오병훈,김기현,이연희,오희철,김승민 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.1

알쯔하이머형 치매의 치료에 있어서 조기 진단과 조기 치료의 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 최근에는 임상적으로 치매의 진단 기준을 맞추지는 않으나 주관적인 기억력 저하의 호소와 인지적으로 정상이 아닌 치매의심군이란 개념이 소개되었으며, 1982년 Hughes등은 임상치매척도(Clinical Dementia Rating ; 이하 CDR)란 진단도구를 개발하여 그 CDR 점수가 0.5점인 대상을 치매의심군으로 정의하였다. 치매의심군에 대한 장기간의 추시를 통하여 치매의심군은 알쯔하이머형 치매의 매우 조기 단계(very early stage)일 것이라는 주장을 하는 연구 결과들이 있었다. 알쯔하이머형 치매의 진단에 현재까지 알려진 가장 예민한 도구는 적절한 문진(good history)과 신경인지기능학적 평가를 통한 이차성 기억력 특히 지연회상(delayed recall)의 장애를 확인하는 것이라고 알려져 있다. 이에 치매의심군을 진단하기 위해서 치매의심군의 신경인지기능학적 특징을 아는 것은 치매의심군의 진단과 치매로 진행할 지의 여부를 결정짓는 예측인자를 정하는 데에도 도움이 될 것이다. 본 연구는 경도 알쯔하이머형 치매군, 치매군 및 비치매 대조군 간의 주의력, 기억력, 시지각공간능력, 언어능력 및 고위피질기능 등의 신경인지기능을 비교함으로써 치매의심군의 신경인지기능적 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 경기도 광주군 정신보건센터의 노인 낮병원 등록된 65세 이상의 여성 노인 중 경도 알쯔하이머형 치매군 5명, 치매의심군 9명 및 비치매 대조군 14명을 대상으로 하였다. 혈관성 치매를 배제하기 위해 Hachinski 허혈지수상 4점이 넘는 경우와 우울증상의 신경인지기능 평가에 대한 영향을 배제하기 위해 단축형노인우울척도(Short form Geriatric Depression Scale ; 이하 SGDS)상 8점이 넘는 경우는 연구 대상에서 제외하였다. 진단은 노인 낮병원 퇴원시점에서 치매연구회의(노인정신과 전문의, 정신과 전문의, 전공의, 임상심리사, 사회사업사, 간호가 각 1인으로 구성)에 의해 진단과 통계편람 Ⅳ 판(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ; 이하 DSM-Ⅳ) 및 CDR을 기준으로 내렸다. 주의력은 Wechsler 기억검사 수정판(Wechsler, 1987 ; 이하 WMS-R)의 소검사인 숫자따라하기(Digit span), 도형따라짚기(Visual span) 및 비엔나검사총집(Schufried, 1993 : 이하 Vienna test system)의 소검사인 지속적주의력(Continuous attention)을 이용하여 평가하였다. 기억력은 WMS-R의 논리적기억력(Logical memory)의 즉각회상(Immediate recall)과 30분 지연회상(delayed recall), 언어적연상학습(verbal paired associate learning)의 즉각회상-쉬운짝연상(easy pair)/어려운짝연상(hard pair), 30분 지연회상-쉬운짝연상/어려운짝연상을 이용하여 평가하였다. 시지각공간능력 중에서 시지각능력(Visual perception)은 WMS-R의 시각기억검사를 응용하여 평가하였고, 시공간능력(Visuospatial abilities)은 신경행동학적인지상태검사(Neurobehavioral Cognitive Screening Examination : 이하 NCSE)의 구성능력검사(Construction)을 이용하여 평가하였다. 언어능력은 한국판 성인용개인지능검사(Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale : 이하 K-WAIS)의 이해력검사(Comprehension) 및 한국신경인지기능연구회의 신경인지검사집상의 실어증등급척도(Aphasia severity rating scale)를 이용하여 평가하였다. 고위피질기능(Higher cortical function)은 NCSE의 유사성검사(Similarity), 판단력검사(Judgment), Go-No-Go 검사, Vienna test system의 가설형성검사(Hypotheis formation test), 부속증검사(Perseveration test)를 이용하여 평가하였다. 진단을 독립변수로 , 각종 신경인지기능검사의 결과를 종속변수로 설계하여 one-way ANOVA를 실시하였고, 유의한 차 이를 보인 종속변수에 대해서는 사후분석을 실시하였다. 경도 알쯔하이머형 치매군 5인, 치매 의심군 9인 및 비치매 대조군 14인을 대상으로 신경인지기능을 평가한 결과, 언어적연상학습의 즉각회상 중에서 쉬운짝연상(경도 치매군, 치매의심군, 대조군 각각 4.80±3.34,6.0±2.0, 8.85±2.14),구성능력검사(0.50±0.58, 1.00±1.55, 3.50±1.87), 실어증등급척도(2.83±0.40, 3.78±0.67, 4.71±0.47), 유사성검사(2.80±3.56, 2.11±1.54, 7.36±1.98)에서 치매의심군은 정상대조군에 비해 유의하게 저조한 수행을 보였고, 경도치매군과는 수행정도 상 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이는 치매의심군의 인지적 특성이 정상노화보다는 알쯔하이머형 치매에 가깝다는 것을 시사한다. 따라서 치매의심군은 정상 노화라기 보다는 알쯔하이머형 치매의 전단계일 가능성이 시사된다. The objective of this study is to differentiate the mild dementia of Alzheimer type from the questionable dementia and non-demented elderly using the neurocognitive assessment. Subjects of 28 women who were registered to Kwangju Community Mental Health Center were as follow : 14 non-demented, 9 questionable dementia, 5 mild dementia of Alzheimer type. The diagnosis were made using DSM-Ⅳ, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale. The neurocognitive functions were assessed with following test tools 1) attention : Digit span, Visual span, Continuous attention ; 2) memory : Logical memory, Verbal paired associates-easy/hard 3) visual perception and visuospatial ability : Visual recognition test, Construction ; and 4) language : Comprehension and Aphasia severity rating scale ; 5) higher cortical function : Hypothesis formation, Perseveration, Similarity, Judgment, and Go-No-Go test. Group differences were analyzed with one way ANOVA test in SPSS 8.0 for win and LSD method as post-hoc analysis. The questionable dementia group showed significant difference in Verbal paired associates-easy pair, Construction, Aphasia severity rating scale and Similarity from the non-demented normal control group but showed no difference from the mildly demented group. These results suggest that the questionable dementia is actually very early or very stage of dementia of the Alzheimer type.

Kaposi`s Varicelliform Eruption Complicating Lichen Simplex Chronicus

Hee Jung Kim,Jeong Hyun Yun,Ji Yeoun Lee,Mi Kyeong Kim,Tae Young Yoon 대한피부과학회 2007 Annals of Dermatology Vol.19 No.3

Women with Fibromyalgia Have Lower Levels of Calcium, Magnesium, Iron and Manganese in Hair Mineral Analysis

Kim, Young-Sang,Kim, Kwang-Min,Lee, Duck-Joo,Kim, Bom-Taeck,Park, Sat-Byul,Cho, Doo-Yeoun,Suh, Chang-Hee,Kim, Hyoun-Ah,Park, Rae-Woong,Joo, Nam-Seok The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2011 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.26 No.10

<P>Little is known about hair mineral status in fibromyalgia patients. This study evaluated the characteristics of hair minerals in female patients with fibromyalgia compared with a healthy reference group. Forty-four female patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria were enrolled as the case group. Ageand body mass index-matched data were obtained from 122 control subjects enrolled during visit for a regular health check-up. Hair minerals were analyzed and compared between the two groups. The mean age was 43.7 yr. General characteristics were not different between the two groups. Fibromyalgia patients showed a significantly lower level of calcium (775 µg/g vs 1,093 µg/g), magnesium (52 µg/g vs 72 µg/g), iron (5.9 µg/g vs 7.1 µg/g), copper (28.3 µg/g vs 40.2 µg/g) and manganese (140 ng/g vs 190 ng/g). Calcium, magnesium, iron, and manganese were loaded in the same factor using factor analysis; the mean of this factor was significantly lower in fibromyalgia group in multivariate analysis with adjustment for potential confounders. In conclusion, the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, iron, and manganese in the hair of female patients with fibromyalgia are lower than of controls, even after adjustment of potential confounders.</P>

Electro-Thermal Modeling and Experimental Validation of Integrated Microbolometer with ROIC

Kim, Gyungtae,Kim, Taehyun,Kim, Hee Yeoun,Park, Yunjong,Ko, Hyoungho The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2016 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.16 No.3

This paper presents an electro-thermal modeling of an amorphous silicon (a-Si) uncooled microbolometer. This modeling provides a comprehensive solution for simulating the electro-thermal characteristics of the fabricated microbolometer and enables electro-thermal co-simulation between MEMS and CMOS integrated circuits. To validate this model, three types of uncooled microbolometers were fabricated using a post-CMOS surface micromachining process. The simulation results show a maximum discrepancy of 2.6% relative to the experimental results.

Cutaneous Infection by Fusarium solani Associated with Arteriosclerosis Obliterans in an Immunocompetent Patient

Hee Jung Kim,June Woo Kim,Ji Yeoun Lee,Mi Kyeong Kim,Tae Young Yoon 대한피부과학회 2007 Annals of Dermatology Vol.19 No.3

The Use of Radionuclide Salivagram and Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study in the Evaluation of Aspiration Pneumonia in Children

Hee Gyung Lee,Kyung Mo Kim,Seak Hee Oh,Yeoun Joo Lee,Jae Seung Kim,Kyoung Hyo Choi,Young Ah Cho 대한소아소화기영양학회 2012 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.15 No.3

Purpose: To compare the abilities of radionuclide salivagrams (RS) and videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS) to diagnose aspiration in children with aspiration pneumonia. Methods: The records of children who were referred to the Asan Medical Center between April, 2006 and April, 2012 and who underwent both VFSS and RS to evaluate their recurrent aspiration pneumonia were reviewed (n=67). The aspiration positivity rates of the two tests were determined. The agreement between the tests was assessed by using the kappa statistic. Results: VFSS was more frequently positive (n=26, 39%) than RS (n=23, 34%) (p=0.68). In the 11 children who repeat two test, Repeated examination increased positive rate in each tests (n=11), repeated RS (54%, p=1) is more frequent positive than repeated VFSS (46%, p=0.37). If a cumulative positive test had been defined as at least one positive result, the positive rate of two test was 56% (p<0.05). There was a fair agreement between RS and VFSS (kappa=0.26). Conclusion: The RS and VFSS positivity rates in children with aspiration pneumonia were similar but there was fair agreement between the two tests. This result suggests that these investigations to demonstrate aspiration are not interchangeable but complementary.

Pediatric moyamoya disease: An analysis of 410 consecutive cases

Kim, Seung-Ki,Cho, Byung-Kyu,Phi, Ji Hoon,Lee, Ji Yeoun,Chae, Jong Hee,Kim, Ki Joong,Hwang, Yong-Seung,Kim, In-One,Lee, Dong Soo,Lee, Joongyub,Wang, Kyu-Chang Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Annals of Neurology Vol.68 No.1

<B>Objective</B><P>Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a cerebrovascular occlusive disease of the bilateral internal carotid arteries that causes a compensatory abnormal vascular network at the base of brain. The rare incidence and various surgical techniques applied have limited the clinical research on MMD.</P><B>Methods</B><P>We conducted a retrospective analysis of the surgical outcome of 410 pediatric MMD patients. All patients were treated in a relatively uniform scheme at a single institution. The surgical procedures consisted of bilateral encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis augmented by bifrontal encephalogaleo-/periosteal synangiosis. Logistic regression analyses were applied to reveal the prognostic factors for surgical outcome.</P><B>Results</B><P>The overall clinical outcome was excellent in 66%, good in 15%, fair in 15%, and poor in 4% of the patients. Therefore, 81% of the patients had a favorable clinical outcome (excellent and good). Multivariate analyses revealed that infarction on presentation was associated with unfavorable clinical outcome (odds ratio [OR], 2.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49–5.46; p < 0.01) and decreased vascular reserve only on single-photon emission computerized tomography (OR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01–0.52; p < 0.01), with favorable clinical outcome.</P><B>Interpretation</B><P>Our results indicate that an early diagnosis and active intervention before establishment of irreversible hemodynamic change are essential to achieve a favorable clinical outcome in children with MMD. ANN NEUROL 2010;68:92–101</P>

Gadolinium Complex of DO3A-benzothiazole Aniline (BTA) Conjugate as a Theranostic Agent

Kim, Hee-Kyung,Kang, Min-Kyoung,Jung, Ki-Hye,Kang, Sun-Hee,Kim, Yeoun-Hee,Jung, Jae-Chang,Lee, Gang Ho,Chang, Yongmin,Kim, Tae-Jeong American Chemical Society 2013 Journal of medicinal chemistry Vol.56 No.20

<P>A gadolinium complex of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-trisacetic acid (DO3A) and benzothiazole-aniline (BTA) of the type [Gd(DO3A-BTA)(H<SUB>2</SUB>O)] has been prepared for use as a single molecule theranostic agent. The kinetic inertness and <I>r</I><SUB>1</SUB> relaxivity (= 3.84 mM<SUP>–1</SUP> s<SUP>–1</SUP>) of the complex compare well with those of structurally analogous Gd-DOTA. The same complex is not only tumor-specific but also intracellular, enhancing MR images of cytosols and nuclei of tumor cells such as MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and SK-HEP-1. Both DO3A-BTA and Gd(DO3A-BTA) reveal antiproliferative activities as demonstrated by GI<SUB>50</SUB> and TGI values obtainable from the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays performed on these cell lines. Ex vivo and in vivo monitoring of tumor sizes provide parallel and supportive observations for such antiproliferative activities.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jmcmar/2013/jmcmar.2013.56.issue-20/jm401206t/production/images/medium/jm-2013-01206t_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jm401206t'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Suppression of tunicamycin-induced CD44v6 ectodomain shedding and apoptosis is correlated with temporal expression patterns of active ADAM10, MMP-9 and MMP-13 proteins in Caki-2 renal carcinoma cells

KIM, YEOUN-HEE,JUNG, JAE-CHANG Spandidos Publications 2012 ONCOLOGY REPORTS Vol.28 No.5

<P>CD44v6 has been shown to coordinate the activation of anti-apoptotic molecules as well as resistance to apoptosis. Here, we investigated CD44v6 ectodomain shedding in Caki-2 human renal carcinoma cells as well as its underlying mechanisms. Exposure of cells to tunicamycin (TM)-induced apoptosis was accompanied by cleavage of caspase-3, PARP-1 and CD44v6 ectodomain. TM-induced apoptosis was also closely associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as shown by increased expression of GRP-78 and CHOP proteins. Furthermore, induction of matrix metallo-proteinase (MMP)-13, MMP-9 and ADAM10 expression was highly stimulated by tunicamycin in a time- and dose-dependent manner. TM-induced PARP-1 cleavage was significantly inhibited by treatment with GM6001 (a broad spectrum MMP inhibitor), MMP-9/-13 inhibitor and GI254023X (specific ADAM10 inhibitor). In addition, inhibition of all examined MMPs resulted in reversal of TM-induced apoptosis as well as increased cell viability. When considering the functional implications of MMP-9 and ADAM10, it is likely that active MMP-9 and ADAM10 help regulate the cellular levels of CD44v6 through cleavage of CD44v6 ectodomain during TM-induced apoptosis of Caki-2 cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that multiple TM-induced MMPs may cooperate to induce apoptosis.</P>