Lidocaine, Thrombin, Epinephrine 의 항균효과

김진우,이동건,전혜선,김승준,김석찬,안중현,김치홍,권순석,김영균,김관형,문화식,신완식,송정섭,박성학 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.6

목적 : 기관지내시경 검사에서 흔히 사용되는 국소마취제인 lidocaine과 내시경시 지혈목적으로 사용되는 thrombin과 epinephrine이 각종 균주에 미치는 항균효과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 균주는 가톨릭대학교 성모병원에서 2004년 3월부터 2004년 9월까지 임상검체 에서 동정된 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa 각각 42, 42, 42, 43주를 대상으로 하였다. Lidocaine, thrombin, epinephrine 감수성 검사는 National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS, 2002)의 기준에 따랐다. 결과 : Lidocaine은 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa에서 MIC_(50), MIC_(90) 모두 20,000 ㎍/mL 이었다. K. pneumoniae는 각각 10,000 ㎍/mL이었다. Thrombin은 S. aureus와 P. aeruginosa에서 MIC50 500 lU/mL 과 MIC_(90) 500 IU/mL 이상이었고, K. pneumoniae에서는 MIC_(50)과 MIC_(90)이 모두 500 lU/mL이상이었으나 S. pneumoniae에서는 MIC_(50)과 MIC_(90)은 125 IU/mL이었다. Epinephrine은 K. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae에 대한 MIC_(50), MIC_(90)가 모두 >500 ㎍/mL이었고, S. aureus와 P. aeruginosa에 대한 MIC_(50), MIC_(90)가 모두 500 ㎍/mL이었다. 결론 : 기관지 내시경 검사에서 흔히 쓰이는 lidocaine, thrombin, epinephrine 등의 약제들이 호흡기 질환의 흔한 병원균인 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa 균주들에 대해 항균 효과가 있을 수 있어 세균배양검사에 영향을 미칠 수 있겠다. Background : We performed this stody to find out about antimicrobial effect of lidocaine which is commonly used local anesthetic, and thrombin and epinephrine used for hemostasis during bronchoscopic procedures. Materials and Methods : The microorganisms that were cultured from specimens obtained during bronchoscopy were Staphylococcus aureus (n=42), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=42), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=42), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=43) collected from St. Mary's Hospital, from March to Sep 2004 were used for susceptibity testing. Susceptibility to lidocaine, thrombin, and epinephrine were tested according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Result : MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of lidocaine for S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa were all 20,000 ㎍/mL and that for K. pneumoniae were 10,000 ㎍/mL. MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of thrombin for both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was 500 IU/mL and above 500 IU/mL, respectively; that for K. pneumoniae were all above 500 IU/mL and for S. pneumoniae they were 125 IU/mL, MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of epinephrine for K. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae were above 500 ㎍/mL; that for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were 500 ㎍/mL. Conclusion : We observed possible antimicrobial effect of lidocaine, thrombin, and epinephrine in vitro against pathogens such as S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, which are common respiratory microorganisms. The use of these agants could affect the result of bacterial culture.

선인장 양심실 보조장치의 설계 및 임상적용을 위한 평가

민병구,박찬영,최재순,이혁수,황창모,김삼성,윤걸중,김종원,선경,이경갑,정종태,김원곤 제주대학교 인공심장이식연구소 2001 인공심장 연구 Vol.2 No.1

현재 개발되고 있는 맥동형 이식형 인공심장은 완전이식형 인공심장과 좌심실보조장치 뿐이다. 좌심실보조장치를 장착한 환자의 10~15%가 우심실의 보조를 필요로하고 완전이식형 인공심장의 장착을 위해서는 자연심장을 제거해야하는 상황에서 이식형 양심실보조장치에 대한 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구진은 완전이식형 인공심장으로 개발된 한국형 인공심장을 개선하여 양심 실 보조장치를 개발하였다. 양심실보조장치는 이동형 작동기식 미케니즘을 이용하고 있으며 에너지 변환장치와 감속기로 구성된 작동기와 혈액주머니, 그리고 내장형 제어기로 구성되어 있다. 선인장 펌프로 명명된 KAH350은 캐뉼라의 연결을 위한 커넥터를 포함하여 길이 177mm, 폭 164mm, 높이 67 이고 무게 780g이며 최대 심박출량은 5L/min 이다. 양심실보조장치로 개발된 선인장펌프는 좌심실보조장치로도 응용이 가능하다. 이식적합성과 생체적합성을 평가하기 위하여 좌심실보조장치로 5회, 양싱실보조장치로 6회의 동물실험을 수행하였다. 각각 최장 28일간 생존하였으며 11회의 동물실험중 장치의 결함에 의한 것이 3회 있었는데 이들은 모두 전자장치의 결함과 방수처리문제였다. 현재 이식적합성과 일박출량을 향상시킨 KAH400모델이 개발중이다. The types of pulsatile implantable artificial hearts that are on the way of development and have been developed are totally implantable artificial heart and implantable left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Approximately 10% to 15% of all patients Implanted with wearable VADs have required right heart support with another device. And it is reluctant to patient who should remove his or her own heart to be implanted with total artificial heart. These situations drive the development of implantable bi-ventricular assist device (BVAD). The Korean BVAD was develophed by modifying the moving actuator type Korean artificial heart. This electro-mechanical BVAD comprises actuator including energy converter and reduction gear train, blood sacs, and internal motor and energy controllers. The KAH350 which is named as 'Cactus Pump' is 177mm in length, 164mm in width, and 67mm in thickness including connectors and nuts. The weight and maximum cardiac output of Cactus Pump is 780g and 5L/min, respectively. The Cactus Pump that was developed as BVAD could be used as LVAD by attaching compliance caps on the 2 ports of one ventricle. The animal experiments were undergone 5 times for LVAD, and 6 times for BVAD. The best records were 28 days survival in both applications. There were 3 times of device failure and they were all associated with electrical connection and hermetic sealing. The KAH400 that has improved anatomical fitting characterisitcs and stroke volume is on development.

75% H₂BAF의 소둔특성에 관한 연구

김순경,전언찬 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1995 硏究報告 Vol.19 No.2

A cold spot temperature control system for the BAF(batch annealing furnace)has been established in order to reduce energy consumption to improve productivity and stabilize the properties of products. Therefore we confirmed for the improving of material quality (eq. even and consistent tempering, high surface cleanliness, reduced carbon depositing etc.), increasing of output, comparison of annealing cycle time, reducting of annealing cost and distrubition of cold spot temperature according to BAF type. The use of hydrogen instead of the protective gas, combined with high convection in batch annealing furnaces, has shown that considerable increases in furnace output and material quality are attainable. Owing to the low density, high diffusion and reducing character of hydrogen, a better transfer resulting in uniform material temperatures and improved coil surfaces can be achieved.

저탄소강의 풀림 사이클에 대한 예측 프로그램 개발

김순경,이승수,김문경,전언찬 동아대학교 공과대학부설 생산기술연구소 1997 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.2

The cold spot of the coil is very important in the BAF(Batch annealing furnace) annealing process. Because of the annealing cycle time in the BAF, annealing was decided on the cold spot of the coil. So, we tested the temperature variation of cold spot and the correctness of computer simulation at the annealing furnace using the Ax atmospheric gas. As a result of several investigations. We confirmed the following characteristics ; Annealing cycle was changed under the influence of the strip surface condition and the strip tension. The cold spot of coil was the mid point of the B coil in the Ax atmospheric gas. And, the power of recirculation fan is very important in the high convection annealing furnaces.

자동차 바디용 강판의 열처리 특성에 관한 연구

김순경,김문경,전언찬 東亞大學校 1998 東亞論叢 Vol.35 No.-

As demand for various kinds and small lot products has been increasing, batch annealing has been appreciated for its small restriction for the operation. The cold spot of the coil is very important in the BAF(Batch annealing furnace) annealing process. Because of the annealing cycle time in the BAF, annealing was decided on the cold spot of the coil Development on the mechanical properties of steel sheet for the automobile body panel is very important in the BAF annealing process. Because of the heat treatment method in the BAF, mechanical properties was decided on the heat treatment method of the coil. So, we tested on the development of mechanical properties according to heat treatment method at the annealing furnace using the Ax atmospheric gas and the HNx atmospheric gas. As a result of several investigations. We confirmed the following characteristics mechanical properties was changed under the influence of the annealing cycle and the atmospheric gas. The cold spot of coil was the mid point of the B coil in the Ax atmospheric gas. And, atmospheric gas is very important in the high convection annealing furnaces. And so, we tested the effect, variation of cold spot, for hydrogen contents of atmosphric gas at the annealing furnace. As a result of several investigations. We confirmed the following characteristics after the heating and soaking, the cold spot of coil moved to 1/3 of coil thickness in the HNx atmospheric gas, but the mid point of the coil thickness is the cold spot in the Ax or H2 atmospheric gas. Therefore, the use of hydrogen instead of nitrogen as the protective gas, combined with high convection in batch annealing furnaces, has shown that considerable increases n furnace output and material quality are attaninable. Owing to the low density, high diffusion and reducing character of hydrogen, a better transfer resulting in uniform material temperatures and improved coil surfaces can be achieved.

일선 경찰공무원의 직무스트레스 수준 및 유발요인 분석

김순양,구종태,윤기찬 서울대학교 행정대학원 2002 行政論叢 Vol.40 No.1

본 연구는 일선 경찰공무원의 직무스트레스의 수준과 이를 유발하는 요인들에 대해서 실증적으로 분석한 것이다. 설문조사는 대구지방경찰청 산하의 경찰공무원을 대상으로 하였다. 직무스트레스 수준을 측정하기 위한 하위변수는 경찰공무원의 심리적 긴장감이나 초조감 정도, 육체적 피로 정도, 업무로 인한 건강상의 문제 경험정도, 조기 출퇴근 의도, 출근기피 정도, 이직의도, 짜증이나 화를 내는 정도, 집중력저하 정도 등을 포함하였다. 그리고 직무스트레스를 유발하는 요인과 관련해서는 요인분석 결과를 토대로, 조직내 인간관계 요인, 인사관리 요인, 조직관련 요인, 물리적 환경 요인, 업무능력 요인, 개인적 성격 요인, 직무특성 요인, 업무관련 성격 요인이라는 여덟 가지 요인을 중심으로 논의를 행하였다. 분석의 결과, 직무스트레스 수준과 관련해서는 육체적 피로감 정도, 업무로 인한 건강상의 문제 경험정도, 심리적 긴장감이나 초조감 정도, 조기 출퇴근 의도, 집중력 저하정도 등의 요소들이 중간수준 이상의 수치를 나타내고 있다. 그리고 유발요인과 관련해서는 인사관리 요인, 물리적 환경요인, 직무특성 요인 등의 평균값이 비교적 높은 수치를 나타내고 있다.

農村에 있어서의 腸管系寄生蟲의 豫防對策 三槽式腐敗槽便所의 살아있는 寄生蟲卵 및 病原性腸內細菌의 環境汚染 遮斷效果

金東燦,李溫永,金舜姬,韓義正,金南洙 國立保健硏究院 1977 국립보건연구원보 Vol.14 No.-

구름베어링 설계용 Expert System 개발에 관한 연구

김호룡,권순천 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1990 논문집 Vol.22 No.2

In the study, an expert system for the design of rolling bearings has been developed by using GURU which is expert system building tool and by constructing knowledge base which consist of rules and facts. The developed system is composed of three parts : the first one is the bearing selection part that recommands the correct combination of ball and roller bearing to support a shaft for a given set of operationg conditions, as initial stage of bearing design. After requesting the minimum amout of input data from the engineer, the second part calculates the parameters and compares with data-base which constains the specifications of bearing. If the results do not satisfy the selection criterion, the search process is repeated. When the malfunction occurs, the last part displays the causes of bearing failure and the countermeasures for correction. As the result of applying this algorithm to the several real design examples, the proper bearing combination and the bearing dimensions are obtained. Throuth inserting the expertise into the knowledge base, the conceptual design process which could not easily be manipulated by conventional CAD approach could be implemented in computer.

Cyan Coupler의 합성과 발색현상에 관한 연구

金榮燦,鄭舜旭,孫秉淸 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1995 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

In this paper, cyan coupler was prepared by the reaction of 2-amino-4.6-dichloro-5-me-thylphenol with 2,4-ditirtiarypentyl-phenoxy-butyroyl chloride in the presence of pyridine. The product was identified by using various analytical tools such as melting point. Elemental analyzer. IR spectrophotometer. UV-Vis spectrophotometer Mass Spectrometer. The reaction of cyan coupler with CD-3(color development agent) was shown cyan color.

레이저를 이용한 머시닝 센터의 테이블과 지지축의 휨에 관한 연구

김민주,이승수,김순경,전언찬 동아대학교 공과대학부설 생산기술연구소 1998 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.3 No.2

The acceleration of the performance of machine tools influences the deveopment of the semiconductor and optical technology as the development of NC and measurement technology. We can mention that a traction role of the acceleration for the development like that depends on the development of the measurement technics Stylus instrument method, STM, SEM, Laser interferometer method which are used for measuring the movement accuracy of machine tools. The movement error factors in movement accuracy are expressed as yaw, roll, and pitch etc. Machining center has 21 movement error factors including of 3 axies joint errors because that has 3 axies and has been measured as the standard of the unloaded condition until now inspite of getting static, dynamic, and servo-gain errors in the case of expending the error range. Therefore, this study tries to measure deflection value according to loading on the X-Y table of the machining center after compensation of straightness. And the equipment used for this study is HP 5529A laser measurement.