김유신장군의 백제공격로에 관한 연구 -효령신화와 장군당을 중심으로-

김완수 ( Wan Soo Kim ) 택민국학연구원 2011 국학연구론총 Vol.0 No.7

7세기 신라가 일으킨 통일전쟁은 백제공격에서 비롯되었다. 이때 신라군을 지휘한 장수는 가락국 구형왕의 증손자인 김유신이었다. 『삼국사기』「신라본기」의 기록을 인용하면 서기 660년 5월 26일 경주를 출발한 신라 군사는 6월 18일 남천정(경기도 이천)에 도착하였으므로 5월말쯤에 군위군 효령면 장군리 앞 벌판에 유진하였다고 생각한다. 일찍이 신라군이 주도한 영토전쟁은 한강으로 진출하는 경로에 있었다. 이러한 사실을 참고하여 660년 7월 12일 백제 사비성을 공격하는 김유신군대의 진격로는 다음과 같이 예상한다. 즉 신라군은 경주를 출발하여 영천, 신녕, 부계, 효령, 장천, 선산, 상주(이천)로 진격하였다. 이 경주-상주 진로(進路)에서 영천에서 선산으로 나가는 중도에 있는 효령(장군리)은 장천으로 진입하는 길목에 해당된다. 이러한 북진공격로에 있는 장군리는 마을 앞으로 넓은 들(모혜벌)이 펼쳐있고 들 한가운데를 사창천이 흐르고 있다. 또한 사방이 산으로 둘러싸여 분지를 이루기 때문에 이곳에는 수만 명의 군사가 주둔(은폐)하기에 안성맞춤의 지형을 가지고 있다. 이러한 이점으로 장군리는 신라에 있어서는 한때 낙동강으로 진출하는 교통의 요지였다. 이러한 전술적, 교통상의 이점 외에 김유신장군에게는 장군리를 택한 또 다른 이유가 있었을 것이다. 그것은 이 지역가까이에 가야의 유민들이 살고 있었기 때문일 것이다. 필자가 이렇게 상정(想定)하는 이유는 가야후기를 나타내는 석곽묘가 장천(면)에 많이 남아있기 때문이다. 이상과 같은 이유로 장군리는 신라군의 대백제(對百濟) 북진공격로에서 꼭 필요한 경유지였기 때문에 유진할 수밖에 없는 천혜의 장소였음에 틀림없다. 이러한 전술적인 당위성과 함께 지금까지 전승에 의하여 ‘장군’이라는 마을이름이 계속 이곳에 남아있고 또 757년의 ‘군위’와 ‘효령’이라는 지명이 만들어진 유래 등을 종합하여 보면 이곳이 660년 여름 백제 정복전쟁을 위하여 김유신장군과 신라군이 이곳 장군리에 유진한 일이 역사적 사실로 인정된다. 그리고 공민왕 때 사공중상(효령사공씨의 중조)공의 상소에 의한 김유신사(장군당, 삼장군당, 김발한사)라는 사당건립에 대한 전승과 함께 이곳 장군리에 고려 말부터 효령사공(孝靈司空)씨의 집성촌이 이루어져 온 점 등을 감안하면 이상의 일이 모두 사실로 인정된다. 이와 같이 효령의 장군리 사람들은 장군당(김유신사)을 모셨다. 이로서 효령신화가 탄생한 것이다. The Shilla Kingdom’s war for unification in the 7th century began with the conquest of the Baekje Kingdom. General Yu-sin Kim, a great-grand son of King Guhyung of the Garak Kingdom, was the commander of the Shilla military at the time of the war. According to the History of Shilla in the Record of the Three Kingdoms, (The "Shillabongi" of "Samguksagi"), General Kim’s forces, which had left Kyeong-ju in May 660 A.D., were stationed on a field near Janggun Village, Hyoryeong Township, Gunwi District in Kyeongsangbuk Province. Originally, the territorial war led by the Shilla military was on the path to the Han River. Reflecting these facts, the route of General Kim’s force, which attacked Sabi Castle in Baekje on July 12, 660 A.D. is assumed to be as follows.Namely, his campaign began in Kyeongju, then moved to Youngcheon, Shinnyeong, Bukye, Hyoryeong, Jangcheon, Seonsan, and Sangju(Icheon). Hyoryung (Janggun Village), located at the waypoint of the Kyeongju-Sangju Route, which is on route for Seonsan via Youngcheon, is considered the entrance towards Jangcheon. Janggun Village, located on the attack route to the north, was well positioned to have numerous soldiers deployed in its wide-open plains (Mohyebeol), through which the Sachangcheon River ran, also in a basin surrounded by mountains. Because of this advantage, Janggun Village was said to be a major transportation point for the Shilla on the way to Nakdong River. However, there was another reason for General Kim to choose Janggun Village as the most ideal army post besides the strategic and logistical advantages. This being the emigrants from the Gaya Dynasty, who resided in this area. In fact, this assumption is based on Seokkwakmyo, the evidence which represents the latter period of the Gaya Dynasty andwas found in large amounts in Jangcheon-myun. Therefore, Janggun Village, an important pass on the attack route to the north, is believed to be the location that possessed great strategic value for conquering Baekje. As well as the strategic necessity, the fact that ‘Janggun’ still remains as the name of the region and that the origin of the names ‘Gunwi’ and ‘Hyoryeong’ can be traced back to 757 A.D. indicates the town’s historicity as the domain of Yu-sin Kim and his army during their campaign against the Baekje in the summer of 660. Additionally, considering the fact that a ancestral shrine was built for Yu-sin Kim by Sagongjungsang’s request when King Gongmin reigned, and the residence of Hyreongsagong family was largely formed during the latter part of the Goryo Kingdom’s period, these incidents are believed to be historical facts. Similarly, residents in Janggun Village set up a shrine named ‘Janggundang’ which means ‘a shrine for General Yu-sin Kim’. That is how the myth of Hyoryeong was born.

Kim's Femoral Stem의 임상적 고찰

김영민(Young Min Kim),김희중(Hee Joong Kim),진종수(Jong Soo Jin),문영완(Young Wan Moon) 대한정형외과학회 1991 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.26 No.5

Social investment effects of public education, health care, and welfare service expenditures on economic growth

Kim Soo‐Wan,Ahn Sang‐Hoon 한국사회복지학회 2020 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study is to theoretically and empirically examine whether public spending in education, health care, and welfare service operates as a fruitful investment in welfare states, which has been implied in the literature of social investment arguments. Based on comprehensive review of existing literature, this study suggested a tripartite mechanism of social investment effect of such spending, that is “enhancement of human capital,” “support for labor force participation,” and “job creation.” To find the empirical evidence, a pooled time‐series cross‐section analysis was conducted with the data of 15 advanced welfare states from 1980 to 2015 using estimation technique of fixed‐effect model. The results confirmed that public spending in education, health care, and welfare service had a positive medium‐term as well as long‐term effect on economic performance, while cash‐type welfare spending had an obscure or no visible effect on economy. Government consumption that is a proxy and control variable of size of the welfare state showed a positive effect on real GDP in the medium term but a negative effect in the long run. In conclusion, this study suggests that reinforcing social services should be recognized and dealt with as essence of social investment strategy.

선택적 후근절제술의 수술중 근전도 감시방법과 치료효과

김형일,김연희,김완호,김근수,김동찬 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.10

Selective posterior rhizotomy(SPR) has been known to reduce the spasticity as well as to improve the quality of life in patients with intractable spasticity. Twenty patients underwent SPR under intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring(IOM). Fifty-two percent of sacrolumbar rootlet were cut after electrical stimulation. Eighteen patients(90%) with spastic type of cerebral palsy showed marked reduction of spasticity and functional improvement without any complication. The patients who did not respond to SRP had mixed types of spasticity. IOM facilitate the selection of pathological rootlets regardless of anaesthetic level. intensity of electrical stimulation, and individual variability of responses. It is concluded that careful selection of surgical candidates and of pathological rootlets under IOM are important to reduce the spasticity. thereby to obtain a better outcome.

불응성 자가면역질환에서의 자가조혈모세포이식

민도준,양동원,민창기,김완욱,이상헌,박성환,김동욱,이종욱,조철수,민우성,김범생,김호연,김춘추 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2001 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.6 No.1

배경: 기존의 치료에 불응하고 예후가 불량한 자가면역질환 환자들에게 최근 고용량 면역억제 및 조혈모 세포이식이 새로운 치료방법으로 대두되고 있다. 저자들은 다발성 경화증(multiple sclerosis, MS) 및 류마티스 관절염(rheumatoid arthritis, RA) 등 2명의 자가면역질환 환자들에서 자가조혈모세포 이식을 시행하였다. 방법: 말초혈액 조혈모세포 가동화를 위하여 cyclophosphamide (4 g/㎡) 및 granulocyte colony stimulating factor (10 g/kg/day)를 투여하였고, CD34+ 세포를 분리·채집 하였다, 이식 전처치로 MS 환자에서 BEAM 및 antihymocyte globulin (ATG) (3.75 mg/kg), RA 환자에서 fludarabine (180 mg/㎡), ATG (10 mg/kg)와 busulfan (8 mg/kg)을 투여하였다. 결과: 호중구 수가 500/㎕ 이상으로 회복되는 기간은 MS 환자에서 9일, RA 환자에서 15일이었다. 혈소판이 20.000/㎕ 이상으로 회복되는 가간은 RA 환자에서 9일 이었고, MS 환자에서는 혈소판 감소증이 발생하지 않았다. 비혈액학적 독성으로 MS 환자에서 WHO 1도의 오심 및 점막염이 관찰되었다. MS 환자는 이식 6개월 후까지 시력감소가 남아있었으나, 이식전에 관찰되던 감각이상 및 운동장애 등의 신경학적 이상 소견은 더 이상 관찰되지 않았다. RA 환자는 이식 1개월 후 관절 증상 및 검사소견의 호전을 보였다. 결론: 불응성 자가면역질환 환자에서 고용량 면역억제 및 조혈모세포이식은 적은 독성으로 높은 치료효과를 기대할수 있으며, 향후 이 시술의 임상적 의의를 규명하기 위하여 전향적이고 장기적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Background: High-dose immunosuppressive therapy followed by autologous hemathpoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been proposed as a new approach to treat severe, refractory autoimmune diseases. We describe two patients with refractory autoimmune diseases (one multiple sclerosis 〔MS〕and one rheumatoid arthritis〔RA〕) who underwent T-cell-depleted autologous peripheral bleed stem cell transplantation for the first time in Korea. Methods: We mobilized autologous stem cells with cyclophisphamide (4 g/㎡) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (10 ㎍/kg/day). Stem cells were enriched ex vivo using CD34-positive immunoselection and reinfused after high-dose chemotherapy with BEAM and antithymocyte globulin (ATG) (3.75 mg/kg) in MS, or fludarabine (180 mg/㎡), ATG (10 mg/kg) and busulfan (8 mg/kg) in RA. Results: The engraftment with an absolute nerutrophil count greater than 500㎕ occurred on day 9 in MS and 15 in RA, respectively. The time to nontransfused platelet count greater than 2.000/㎕ was 9 day in RA. MS patient did not show ant episode of thrombocytopenia. Regimen-related non-hematopoietic toxicity was minimal. For 6 months since HSCT, them patient with MS had been free from previously existed sensory and motor abnormalities except decreased visual acuity. Then patient with RA and only one tender joint and two mildly swollen joints with improvement in laboratory parameters at one month after HSCT. Conclusion: These results underscore the feasibility and potential efficacy of intensive immunosuppression followed by autologous HSCT for treatment of intractable autoimmune diseases. The durability of remission, however, remains to be clarified.

성인에서 발병한 지역사회폐렴의 원인으로서 호흡기 바이러스의 역할

김지희,곽영호,나병국,이주연,신구철,정혜선,홍정연,오명돈,정희진,김민자,배현주,김양리,신완식,강재명,우준희,어수택,이환종 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.1

Purposes : To investigate the viral etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in Korean adults, we have detected respiratory viruses (Respiatory syncytial virus, adenovirus, influenza virus and parainfluenza virus) in the way of prospective, multi-center study. Methods : From July 1997 to April 2000, nasal aspirates or sputum were obtained from adults patients with community pneumonia admitted to the participating hospitals and transferred immediately to the central laboratory at the Seoul National University Children's Hospital. The specimens were divided into three parts. One part was used for indirect immunofluorescent test for respiratory viruses, the other part for the culture of RSV and adenovirus in HEp-2 cell monolayer. The other part was used for the culture of influenza virus and parainfluenza virus in MDCK or LLC-MK2 cell monolayers. Results : Of 317 samples, 32 (10.1%) specimens were positive for viral agent by indirect IF staining or culture, including one dual-infected specimen (adenovirus and parainfluenza virus). Influenza virus was most commonly detected (16 specimens). Parainfluenza virus, adenovirus and RSV were detected in 10, 4 and 3 patients, respectively. All isolated influenza viruses were type A (H3N2 in 9 patients, HIN1 in 2 and unspecified in 5), and 8 out of 10 parainfluenza virus isolates were type 3. Conclusion : Similar to previous reports from other countries, a significant portion of community-acquired pneumonia in Korean adult is caused by respiratory viruses. (Korean J Infect Dis 33:8~14, 2001)

전통 발효식품인 젓갈류의 특성

김완수 호남대학교산업기술연구소 2011 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.17 No.-

Jeotgals, time-lapse foods, which fresh seafoods are salted, fermented and aged at ambient conditions for a limited time, and with the help of microorganisms or enzymes, some ingredients are decomposed and/or new components are formed, giving increase in nutritional, organoleptical and preserving characteristics. Jeotgals are largely divided into Jeotgal and Sikhae. The former(Jeotgal) is classified into liquid type Jeot for Kimchi making, solid(flesh) type Jeot for side dish and fish sauce for condiment of assorted foods. Sikhae is developed as a substitute for Kimchi in the area of salt shortage, that is, Kimchi style Jeotgal. In this paper, the origin, classification and compositions of Jeotgals, and commercially available those products were reviewed 젓갈류는 어패류를 자연 조건에서 염장 후 발효ㆍ숙성시키면 미생물 또는 효소의 도움으로 식품 성분이 분해되거나 새로운 성분이 만들어져 영양가, 기호성, 저장성이 증가된 시간의 음식이다. 젓갈류는 젓갈과 식해로 분류하는데, 젓갈은 김치에 사용하는 액젓, 반찬(찬품)으로 사용하는 육젓, 조미식품으로 사용하는 어간장 등 여러 용도에 사용되고 식해는 일반적으로 소금이 귀한 지역(함경도, 강원도)에서 발달하여 김치 대용식으로 애용되는 김치형 젓갈이다. 본 논문은 젓갈류의 기원, 분류, 성분 및 시판 젓갈에 대해 고찰하고자 한다.

CORBA 클라이언트/서버 구조의 자바 통합 개발 환경의 설계 및 구현

김완수,김흥준,박순규 진주산업대학교 2000 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.7

Today, most of the well-known software development tools and methods faced with problems of scalability, modularity, granularity, and maintenance. These problems result in the fact that these tools and methods are standalone. In this paper, we propose a design and implementation of software development environment for Java application based upon CORBA-based Client/Server model. Proposed model has facilities to overcome a problem caused by updates and its distribution and is possible to overcome problems of scalability, modularity and granularity because it based upon Client/Server model.

유기산 첨가가 RS 특성에 미치는 영향

김완수 호남대학교 산업기술연구소 2014 녹색산업연구 Vol.20 No.1

To increase the yield of RS3 which gives physiologically active properties, three different concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0% based on starch amount) of three organic acids (citric, succinic and malic acids) were added to commercial corn starch-water suspension. As a control, RS3 untreated with acid was used. Higher increase in RS3 yield was obtained when the concentration of acid was 0.25% by using pancreatin-gravimetric method, regardless of the type of acid. Compared to control RS3, ratios of yield increase in acid treated RS3s were about 26.7-47.5%. According to SEM, it was observed that exfoliation was accelerated in the surface of all the RS3 particles due to a repeated heating-cooling cycle. The B type of X-ray diffraction pattern was observed from all RS3 samples., indicating retrograded starch. 식이섬유와 유사한 생리활성을 제공하는 RS의 수율을 높이고자, 세 가지 유기산(citric, succinic, malic acid)을 농도를 달리하여 (0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 전분 기준, w/w) 옥수수 전분 현탁액(전분: 물 = 1: 3.5)에 첨가하여 저항전분(RS3)을 제조한 후 그 입자 특성을 살펴보았다. RS 수율은 본 유기산의 종류에 관계없이 산 농도가 0.25%일 때 가장 많이 증가하여 산첨가를 하지 않은 control에 비해 RS3의 수율이 약 26.7~47.5 % 증가되었다. SEM 관찰로, 모든 RS3의 입자 표면은 제조 시 반복된 가열-냉각 과정으로 박리가 가속화되었음을 보여주었다. X선 회절도에 의한 citric acid 처리 RS3의 결정형은 첨가된 산농도에 관계없이 모두 B형의 결정형(노화전분)을 나타내었고 2θ=17̊의 노화피크는 증가하였다.

카본블랙의 종류와 충전량이 NR Compound 의 동적 점탄성에 미치는 영향

김완영,이대수,김윤섭 全北大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

Bound rubber formation of NR(natural rubber) compound containing various carbon blacks was increased as I_2 absorption number or DBPA (dibutylphthalate absorption) value was increased. The increases of surface area of carbon black resulted in increases of heat build-up and tan δ at 60℃ but decreases of rebound property and wear loss of NR compound. It is speculated that more damping at the interface of carbon black and rubber occurs in the presence of carbon black of high surface area. Increasing the loading level of carbon black N220 in NR compound resulted in the acceleration of cure rate. Tensile strength, elongation at break, wear loss and rebound property were found to decrease but heat buildup and tan δ at 60℃ to increase with the content of carbon black. Therefore, it is concluded that increasing the loading level of carbon black may affects rolling resistance of tires adversely.