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한국·중국·일본 대입시험 국어 평가 문항 비교 분석 : 독서 평가 문항을 중심으로
김승현 ( Kim¸ Seunghyun ),권태현 ( Kwon¸ Taehyun ) 한국독서학회 2020 독서연구 Vol.0 No.57
이 연구는 한국·중국·일본 대입 국어 시험의 독서 평가 문항을 비교·분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 중국 가오카오 ‘현대문 독해’, 일본 센터시험의 ‘현대문’, 한국 수능 시험의 ‘독서’ 지문 및 문항을 비교·분석하였다. 지문 분석 결과, 가오카오와 센터시험의 경우, 긴 지문 1~2개를 제시하여 독서의 실제성을 강조하는 반면 수능은 지문 3~4개를 제시하여 다양한 주제의 글을 읽는 능력을 평가하는 데 초점이 있었다. 또한 수능 독서 지문은 길이가 짧아도 정보의 밀도가 높은 반면, 가오카오나 센터시험의 지문은 실제 글을 발췌하여 비유적이고 추상적인 표현이 많다는 특징이 있었다. 문항 분석 결과, 첫째, 사실적·추론적 이해를 평가하는 문항의 경우, 가오카오는 글의 대의를 묻는 단순한 문형이 많은 반면, 센터시험이나 수능은 보다 세부적인 독해를 요구하는 문항이 많았다. 또한 센터시험은 주로 지문 정보를 세밀하게 읽어야 하는 답지를 활용하여, 수능은 지문에 흩어진 여러 정보를 조합해야 하는 답지를 활용하여 난도를 조절하는 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 세 시험 모두 비판적 이해를 제대로 묻는 문항이 존재하지 않았으나, 글의 표현이나 논지 전개방식 등에 드러난 필자의 의도를 평가하는 문항을 통해 간접적으로 비판적 이해를 평가하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 셋째, 가오카오나 센터시험과 달리 수능 국어영역은 적용·창의형 문항을 통해 독해 결과를 새로운 관점이나 상황으로 적용하는 능력을 평가한다는 점에서 다른 시험과 차별화된 평가 요소를 갖는다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다. This study aims to compare and analyze the reading evaluation items of Korean, Chinese, and Japanese university entrance exams. Analysis of these texts revealed that, in the case of the Gāokǎo and Center Exam, one or two long texts are presented to emphasize the practicality of reading. The CSAT, however, is used to evaluate a student’s ability to read various topics by presenting three to four texts. In addition, although the CSAT reading texts are short in length, their densities of information are high. The texts of the Gāokǎo and Center Examinations are characterized by many metaphorical and abstract expressions, as they are excerpts from actual texts. The results of the item analysis were as follows. First, in the case of questions evaluating factual and reasoning understanding, Gāokǎo features simple patterns that ask for the subject of the text; the center exam and CSAT have many questions that require more detailed reading. Second, none of the three tests contain questions that properly assess critical understanding; however, it was indirectly evaluated through questionnaires evaluating the authors’ intentions, revealed in the form of expression or thesis development. Third, unlike the Gāokǎo anda student’s ability to apply the reading results to a new perspective or situation through application-creative questions. Center Test, the CSAT has a distinct evaluation factor in that it evaluates
Species Specific Antiviral Activity of Porcine Interferon-α8 (IFNα8)
Kim, Eunhye,Jhun, Hyunjhung,Kim, Joohee,Park, Unjoo,Jo, Seunghyun,Kwak, Areum,Kim, Sinae,Nguyen, Tam T.,Kang, Yongsun,Choi, Insoo,Lee, Joongbok,Kim, Heijun,Kim, Younghyun,Lee, Siyoung,Kim, Soohyun 한국조명·전기설비학회 2017 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol. No.
<P>Interferons (IFNs) have been known as antiviral genes and they are classified by type 1, type 2, and type 3 IFN. The type 1 IFN consists of IFNα, IFNβ, IFNτ, and IFNω whereas the type 2 IFN consists of only IFNγ, which is a key cytokine driving T helper cell type 1 immunity. IFNλ belongs to the type 3 IFN, which is also known as IL-28 and IL-29 possessing antiviral activities. Type 1 IFN is produced by viral infection whereas type 2 IFN is induced by mitogenic or antigenic T-cell stimuli. The IFNτ of bovine was first discovered in an ungulate ruminant recognition hormone. IFNτ belongs to the type 1 IFN with the common feature of type 1 IFN such as antiviral activity. IFNs have been mostly studied for basic research and clinical usages therefore there was no effort to investigate IFNs in industrial animals. Here we cloned porcine IFNα8 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Korean domestic pig (<I>Sus scrofa domestica</I>). The newly cloned IFNα8 amino acid sequence from Korean domestic pig shares 98.4% identity with the known porcine IFNα8 in databank. The recombinant porcine IFNα8 showed potent antiviral activity and protected bovine Madin-Darby bovine kidney epithelial (MDBK) cells from the cytopathic effect of vesicular stomatitis virus, but it failed to protect human Wistar Institute Susan Hayflick (WISH) cells and canine Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial-like (MDCK) cells. The present study demonstrates species specific antiviral activity of porcine IFNα8.</P>
Electronic structure of detwinned BaFe2As2from photoemission and first principles
Kim, Yeongkwan,Oh, Hyungju,Kim, Chul,Song, Dongjoon,Jung, Wonsig,Kim, Beomyoung,Choi, Hyoung Joon,Kim, Changyoung,Lee, Bumsung,Khim, Seunghyun,Kim, Hyungjoon,Kim, Keehoon,Hong, Jongbeom,Kwon, Yongseun American Physical Society 2011 Physical review. B, Condensed matter and materials Vol.83 No.6
Kim, Seunghyun,Kim, Jeong Won,Kim, Ji Hyun Elsevier 2017 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.698 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To mitigate the corrosion of carbon steels in high-temperature flowing water, we deposited Ni-P/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanocomposite coatings, composed of a Ni-P alloy matrix with dispersed TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles. Their morphology, early-stage open-circuit voltage, weight loss, and microstructure evolution after the tests, performed in a temperature range of 125 °C–175 °C with 5 m/s flow, were investigated. The incorporation of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles in electroless Ni-P matrix was found to change the microstructure and improve the corrosion resistance especially at 150 °C. At 150 °C, the Ni-P alloy undergoes severe corrosion with the detachment of NiO while the Ni-P/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanocomposite coatings remain passive by the galvanic coupling of the Ni-P matrix and the nanoparticles. Based on this study, TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles are found to enhance the passivation of the Ni-P alloy and, consequently, improve corrosion resistance in high-temperature flowing water.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ni-P/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanocomposite coating is deposited on carbon steel substrates. </LI> <LI> Their rotating cage corrosion behavior is investigated in high-temperature water. </LI> <LI> Metal losses are drastically decreased for all temperatures and remarkable at 150 °C. </LI> <LI> TEM analysis gives the loss of passivity at 150 °C for Ni-P alloy coating. </LI> <LI> Galvanic coupling between Ni-P alloy and TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles suppresses hydrolysis. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Characterization of the Vertical Position of the Trapped Charge in Charge-trap Flash Memory
Kim, Seunghyun,Kwon, Dae Woong,Lee, Sang-Ho,Park, Sang-Ku,Kim, Youngmin,Kim, Hyungmin,Kim, Young Goan,Cho, Seongjae,Park, Byung-Gook The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2017 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.17 No.2
In this paper, the characterization of the vertical position of trapped charges in the charge-trap flash (CTF) memory is performed in the novel CTF memory cell with gate-all-around structure using technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation. In the CTF memories, injected charges are not stored in the conductive poly-crystalline silicon layer in the trapping layer such as silicon nitride. Thus, a reliable technique for exactly locating the trapped charges is required for making up an accurate macro-models for CTF memory cells. When a programming operation is performed initially, the injected charges are trapped near the interface between tunneling oxide and trapping nitride layers. However, as the program voltage gets higher and a larger threshold voltage shift is resulted, additional charges are trapped near the blocking oxide interface. Intrinsic properties of nitride including trap density and effective capture cross-sectional area substantially affect the position of charge centroid. By exactly locating the charge centroid from the charge distribution in programmed cells under various operation conditions, the relation between charge centroid and program operation condition is closely investigated.
Kim, Seunghyun,Kim, Taeho,Lee, Yunju,Kim, Ji Hyun Elsevier 2019 Corrosion science Vol.159 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Due to susceptibility of carbon steels under flow-accelerated corrosion environments, 2.25Cr-1Mo has been adopted as replacement. However, the mechanism of enhancement in the passivity has not been completely elucidated. We employed synchrotron scanning transmission X-ray microscopy to test the microstructure and chemistry of the alloys after flow-accelerated corrosion tests at 150 °C. Carbon steel exhibited a mixture of Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> and Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> states as a passive layer while 2.25Cr-1Mo presented two oxide layers composed of Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>, and FeO. A small quantity of Cr<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> was observed which was not enriched. Furthermore, Mo was not observed in the oxide layer of 2.25Cr-1Mo.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The microstructure and chemistry of CS and LAS is investigated <I>via</I> STXM. </LI> <LI> A mixture of Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> and Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> was observable for CS mainly Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>. </LI> <LI> P22 has two oxide layers composed of multiple iron oxides and chromium oxide. </LI> <LI> Mo was not observable in the passive layer of P22. </LI> <LI> Cr plays a critical role during FAC process. </LI> </UL> </P>
Characterization of the Vertical Position of the Trapped Charge in Charge-trap Flash Memory
Seunghyun Kim,Dae Woong Kwon,Sang-Ho Lee,Sang-Ku Park,Youngmin Kim,Hyungmin Kim,Young Goan Kim,Seongjae Cho,Byung-Gook Park 대한전자공학회 2017 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.17 No.2
In this paper, the characterization of the vertical position of trapped charges in the charge-trap flash (CTF) memory is performed in the novel CTF memory cell with gate-all-around structure using technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation. In the CTF memories, injected charges are not stored in the conductive poly-crystalline silicon layer in the trapping layer such as silicon nitride. Thus, a reliable technique for exactly locating the trapped charges is required for making up an accurate macro-models for CTF memory cells. When a programming operation is performed initially, the injected charges are trapped near the interface between tunneling oxide and trapping nitride layers. However, as the program voltage gets higher and a larger threshold voltage shift is resulted, additional charges are trapped near the blocking oxide interface. Intrinsic properties of nitride including trap density and effective capture cross-sectional area substantially affect the position of charge centroid. By exactly locating the charge centroid from the charge distribution in programmed cells under various operation conditions, the relation between charge centroid and program operation condition is closely investigated.