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Clinical Outcome of Nonfistulous Cerebral Varices: the Analysis of 39 Lesions
Kim, Hye Seon,Park, Seong-Cheol,Ha, Eun Jin,Cho, Wong-Sang,Kim, Seung-Ki,Kim, Jeong Eun The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2018 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.61 No.4
Objective : Cerebral varices (CVs) without an arteriovenous shunt, so called nonfistulous CVs, are very rare, and their etiology and natural course are not well understood. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes of nonfistulous CVs by the analysis of 39 cases. Methods : From 2000 to 2015, 22 patients with 39 nonfistulous CVs (${\geq}5mm$) were found by searching the medical and radiologic records of our institute. Clinical data and radiological data including numbers, sizes and locations of CVs and associated anomalies were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Previously reported cases in literature were reviewed as well. Results : The mean age of the patients was 21 years (range, 0-78 years). On average, $1.8{\pm}1.2CVs$ were found per patient. CVs were categorized as either fusiform or saccular depending on their shapes. Two patients had saccular type CVs, seventeen patients had fusiform types, and three patients had both fusiform and saccular CVs. Eight patients had associated compromise of the vein of Galen and the straight sinus. Four of those patients had sinus pericranii, as well. Five patients had CVs that were distal draining veins of large developmental venous anomalies. One patient had associated migration anomaly, and two patients had Sturge-Weber syndrome. Six patients with an isolated cerebral varix were observed. Of the 39 CVs in 22 patients, 20 lesions in 14 patients were followed up in outpatient clinics with imaging studies. The average follow-up duration was 6.6 years. During this period, no neurological events occurred, and all the lesions were managed conservatively. Conclusion : Nonfistulous CVs seemed to be asymptomatic in most cases and remained clinically silent. Hence, we suggest conservative management.
Kim, Dae-Hyun,Kim, Suk-Jin,Kim, Young-Ho,Kim, Sung-Wong,Seo, Kwang-Seok The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2003 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.3 No.1
Highly reproducible side-wall process for the fabrication of the fine gate length as small as 40nm was developed. This process was utilized to fabricate 40nm InGaAs HEMTs with the 65% strained channel. With the usage of the dual $SiO_2$ and $SiN_x$ dielectric layers and the proper selection of the etching gas, the final gate length (Lg) was insensitive to the process conditions such as the dielectric over-etching time. From the microwave measurement up to 40GHz, extrapolated fT and fmax as high as 371 and 345 GHz were obtained, respectively. We believe that the developed side-wall process would be directly applicable to finer gate fabrication, if the initial line length is lessened below the l00nm range.
Kim, Sung-Geun,Park, Cho-Hyun,Kim, Kyung-Mi,Kim, Jae-Gue,Kim, Hyung-Ho,Park, Wong-Sang,Park, Jong-Jae,Lee, Mun-Su,Jung, Hyun-Chul,Jung, Hun-Yong,Han, Sang-Wook,Hyung, Woo-Jin,The Academic Committee of 대한위암학회 2010 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.10 No.3
We have always attempted to create a standard treatment protocol for patients with gastric cancer. However, many debates still exist regarding gastric cancer treatment. For the past 2 years, at the Annual Congress of the Korean Gastric Cancer Association, we have presented a grand symposium on the "Debates on the strategy for treating gastric cancer". In 2008, four major topics were discussed and voted on after discussion. The four major topics were proximal location treatment for early gastric cancer, management choices for pyloric obstruction with advanced gastric cancer, management of liver metastasis, and reconstruction methods after a distal gastrectomy. The opinions of the audience for six minor topics were expressed by an electronic voting system. In 2009, the four main topics were treatment for submucosal tumor sized around 2 cm, laparoscopic gastrectomy in T2N1 gastric cancer, choices for managing gastric lymphoma, and application of a pylorus preserving procedure for early gastric cancer at the antrum. The opinions of the audience for these six minor topics were expressed by an electronic voting system, as was conducted in 2008. It was good opportunity to identify a point of contact about the debates on managing gastric cancer. The results of these debates and studies will identify the best methods to treat patients with gastric cancer.
Aerosol Optical Thickness Retrieval Using a Small Satellite
Wong, Man Sing,Lee, Kwon-Ho,Nichol, Janet,Kim, Young J. The Korean Society of Remote Sensing 2010 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.26 No.6
This study demonstrates the feasibility of small satellite, namely PROBA platform with the compact high resolution imaging spectrometer (CHRIS), for aerosol retrieval in Hong Kong. The rationale of our technique is to estimate the aerosol reflectances by decomposing the Top of Atmosphere (TOA) reflectances from surface reflectance and Rayleigh path reflectances. For the determination of surface reflectances, the modified Minimum Reflectance Technique (MRT) is used on three winter ortho-rectified CHRIS images: Dec-18-2005, Feb-07-2006, Nov-09-2006. For validation purpose, MRT image was compared with ground based multispectral radiometer measurements and atmospherically corrected Landsat image. Results show good agreements between CHRIS-derived surface reflectance and both by ground measurement data as well as by Landsat image (r>0.84). The Root-Mean-Square Errors (RMSE) at 485, 551 and 660nm are 0.99%, 1.19%, and 1.53%, respectively. For aerosol retrieval, Look Up Tables (LUT) which are aerosol reflectances as a function of various AOT values were calculated by SBDART code with AERONET inversion products. The CHRIS derived Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) images were then validated with AERONET sunphotometer measurements and the differences are 0.05~0.11 (error=10~18%) at 440nm wavelength. The errors are relatively small compared to those from the operational moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) Deep Blue algorithm (within 30%) and MODIS ocean algorithm (within 20%).
Wong, Yiu Tung Anthony,Kang, Do-Yoon,Lee, Jin Bae,Rha, Seung-Woon,Hong, Young Joon,Shin, Eun-Seok,Her, Sung-Ho,Nam, Chang Wook,Chung, Woo-Young,Kim, Moo Hyun,Lee, Cheol Hyun,Lee, Pil Hyung,Ahn, Jung-M Elsevier 2018 American Heart Journal Vol.197 No.-
<P><B>Background</B></P> <P>This study sought to evaluate the optimal treatment for in-stent restenosis (ISR) of drug-eluting stents (DESs).</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>This is a prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized study comparing the use of drug-eluting balloon (DEB) versus second-generation everolimus-eluting stent for the treatment of DES ISR. The primary end point was in-segment late loss at 9-month routine angiographic follow-up.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>A total of 172 patients were enrolled, and 74 (43.0%) patients underwent the angiographic follow-up. The primary end point was not different between the 2 treatment groups (DEB group 0.15±0.49 mm vs DES group 0.19±0.41 mm, <I>P</I> =.54). The secondary end points of in-segment minimal luminal diameter (MLD) (1.80±0.69 mm vs 2.09±0.46 mm, <I>P</I> =.03), in-stent MLD (1.90±0.71 mm vs 2.29±0.48 mm, <I>P</I> =.005), in-segment percent diameter stenosis (34%±21% vs 26%±15%, <I>P</I> =.05), and in-stent percent diameter stenosis (33%±21% vs 21%±15%, <I>P</I> =.002) were more favorable in the DES group. The composite of death, myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization at 1 year was comparable between the 2 groups (DEB group 7.0% vs DES group 4.7%, <I>P</I> =.51).</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Treatment of DES ISR using DEB or second-generation DES did not differ in terms of late loss at 9-month angiographic follow-up, whereas DES showed better angiographic results regarding minimal MLD and percent diameter stenosis. Both treatment strategies were safe and effective up to 1year after the procedure.</P>