알루미늄계 수처리 응집제 적용시의 부유물질 응집거동에 관한 연구

조경숙,김동수,이종목 이화여자대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 이화환경연구 Vol.1 No.-

A study has been conducted for the coagulation characteristics of suspended solids made up of kaolin using Al-based inorganic polymeric coagulants; PACS(Poly Aluminium Chloride silicate) and PASS (Poly Aluminium Silicate Sulfate). PACS was found to be superior to PASS in its coagulating ability almost two times as much. The variation of ζ-potential of suspended particles in the sign and magnitude was closely related to the turbidity removed behavior. For the application of two coagulant mixtures, the overall coagulating power was a function of the mixing ratio and, in case of sequential dosage of two coagulants, the entire coagulation feature was governed by the firstly dosed coagulant. When a same amount of coagulant was dosed in partition to the supernatant water of one time treated wastewater, the final turbidity of two time treated supernatant water showed a lower value compared with the case that all amount of coagulant was dosed at one time. The size of coagulum formed using PACS was larger than that using PASS and it was thought that the coagulum size was determined by the coagulating power of coagulant. Slow mixing time and rate were considered to be influential on the degree of turbidity removal, but not on the ζ-potential of particles. An appropriate temperature range was established for a better turbidity removal and beyond this range the turbidity increased as the temperature rised.

등치관법이 배수관망 해석에 미치는 영향

현인환,이상목,김영환,전경호 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.5

In this study, the errors caused by improper application of equivalent pipe method on analysis of network were investigated. Especially, the errors related to selection of C-coefficients, pipe lengths, pipe diameters and flow rates were focused. To reduce errors caused by applying equivalent pipe method in network analysis, both C-coefficient of each parallel pipe and large flow rate variation in the parallel pipes between connected junctions should be considered. Results of this study are as follows. When the different C-coefficients of each parallel pipe was not considered, the application of equivalent pipe method caused 47.84% error in headloss and 24.75% error in pipe flow in model network. Also, When large flow rate variation existed in the parallel pipes between connected junctions, equivalent pipe method caused 51.61% error in headloss.

개에 있어서 심장사상충증을 동반한 창상성 횡격막 허니아의 수술적 치료 1례

조승혁,임영환,손정민,노경완,박창식,전무형,김명철,송근호,정성목 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2007 논문집 Vol. No.10

A 7-month old. castrated male Shih-tzu dog was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University with history of depression. dyspnea. mild scale. tachypnea. exercise intolerance and severe leanness. On physical examination. cardiac arrhythmias was heard and heart worm ELISA test was positive. Microfilaria was found on the direct blood smear. Survey radiographs showed loss of diaphragmatic line and cardiac silhouette. displacement of lung fields and presence of gas filled intestines in the thoracic cavity. Rib fracture and pelvic fracture with callus formation were found incidentally. On the basis of physical examination and radiographic findings. it was diagnosed as traumatic diaphragmatic hernia and heart worm disease. Herniorrhaphy was performed. Postoperatively. it was treated for heart worm disease and scale. There is no evidence of recurrence of diaphragmatic hernia and heart worm disease over 1 year.

Hierarchical label merging structure based on a Optical LSP tunnel operation

Kyoung Mok Kim,Young Hwan Oh 대한전자공학회 2005 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2005 No.4

The Extent of Late Gadolinium Enhancement Can Predict Adverse Cardiac Outcomes in Patients with Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy with Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: A Prospective Observational Study

Kim Eun Kyoung,Lee Ga Yeon,Jang Shin Yi,Chang Sung-A,Kim Sung Mok,Park Sung-Ji,Choi Jin-Oh,Park Seung Woo,Choe Yeon Hyeon,Lee Sang-Chol,Oh Jae K. 대한영상의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.22 No.3

Objective: The clinical course of an individual patient with heart failure is unpredictable with left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) only. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-derived myocardial fibrosis extent and to determine the cutoff value for event-free survival in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) who had severely reduced LVEF. Materials and Methods: Our prospective cohort study included 78 NICM patients with significantly reduced LV systolic function (LVEF < 35%). CMR images were analyzed for the presence and extent of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), defined as a composite of cardiac death, heart transplantation, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator discharge for major arrhythmia, and hospitalization for congestive heart failure within 5 years after enrollment. Results: A total of 80.8% (n = 63) of enrolled patients had LGE, with the median LVEF of 25.4% (19.8–32.4%). The extent of myocardial scarring was significantly higher in patients who experienced MACE than in those without any cardiac events (22.0 [5.5–46.1] %LV vs. 6.7 [0–17.1] %LV, respectively, p = 0.008). During follow-up, 51.4% of patients with LGE ≥ 12.0 %LV experienced MACE, along with 20.9% of those with LGE ≤ 12.0 %LV (log-rank p = 0.001). According to multivariate analysis, LGE extent more than 12.0 %LV was independently associated with MACE (adjusted hazard ratio, 6.71; 95% confidence interval, 2.54–17.74; p < 0.001). Conclusion: In NICM patients with significantly reduced LV systolic function, the extent of LGE is a strong predictor for longterm adverse cardiac outcomes. Event-free survival was well discriminated with an LGE cutoff value of 12.0 %LV in these patients.

Direct and Indirect Costs of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Korea

Kim, Changhwan,Kim, Younhee,Yang, Dong-Wook,Rhee, Chin Kook,Kim, Sung Kyoung,Hwang, Yong-Il,Park, Yong Bum,Lee, Young Mok,Jin, Seonglim,Park, Jinkyeong,Hahm, Cho-Rom,Park, Chang-Han,Park, So Yeon,Jung The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2019 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.82 No.1

Background: Understanding the burden of disease is important to establish cost-effective treatment strategies and to allocate healthcare resources appropriately. However, little reliable information is available regarding the overall economic burden imposed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Korea. Methods: This study is a multicenter observational research on the COPD burden in Korea. Total COPD costs were comprised of three categories: direct medical, direct non-medical, and indirect costs. For direct medical costs, institutional investigation was performed at 13 medical facilities mainly based on the claims data. For direct non-medical and indirect costs, site-based surveys were administered to the COPD patients during routine visits. Total costs were estimated using the COPD population defined in the recent report. Results: The estimated total costs were approximately 1,245 million US dollar (1,408 billion Korean won). Direct medical costs comprised approximately 20% of the total estimated costs. Of these, formal medical costs held more than 80%. As direct non-medical costs, nursing costs made up the largest percentage (39%) of the total estimated costs. Costs for COPD-related loss of productivity formed four fifths of indirect costs, and accounted for up to 33% of the total costs. Conclusion: This study shows for the first time the direct and indirect costs of COPD in Korea. The total costs were enormous, and the costs of nursing and lost productivity comprised approximately 70% of total costs. The results provide insight for an effective allocation of healthcare resources and to inform establishment of strategies to reduce national burden of COPD.

스마트 그리드 환경에서 시스템 ID를 이용한 지그비 인증 프로토콜에 관한 연구

김경목(Kyoung-Mok Kim),임송빈(Song-Bin Im) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2011 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.16 No.4

스마트 그리드 네트워크(Smart Grid Networks)는 기존의 전력망에 정보기술(IT)을 접목하여 전력 공급자와 소비자가 양방향으로 정보를 교환함으로써 에너지 효율을 최적화하는 차세대 지능형 전력망이다. 고압 전력망과 IT 영역에서 응용되고 있는 스마트 그리드 네트워크(Smart Grid Networks)는 정보의 도청이나, 비정상적 패킷의 유통, 메시지의 재사용등 데이터의 위 변조와같은외부의공격에쉽게노출되는환경에서동작함으로보안은필수적으로갖추어져야 하는 중요한 기능이다. 저전력, 초소형 저비용 장점을 갖는 Zigbee는 스마트 그리드 네트워크를 구현하는 최적의 기술로 주목 받고 있다. 그러나 Zigbee 보안 시스템에는 심각한 문제점들을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 스마트 그리드의 Zigbee 보안 시스템이 가지고 있는 문제점들을 자세히 분석하고, 이를 해결하여 스마트 그리드에 적합한 보안 프로토콜을 새롭게 제안하고 그 효율성을 비교 분석한다. A smart grid networks delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital technology with two-way communications to control appliances at consumers' homes to save energy, reduce cost and increase reliability and transparency. Security is critically important for smart grid networks that are usually used for the electric power network and IT environments that are opened to attacks, such as, eavesdroping, replay attacks of abnormal messages, forgery of the messages to name a few. ZigBee has emerged as a strong contender for smart grid networks. ZigBee is used for low data rate and low power wireless network applications. To deploy smart grid networks, the collected information requires protection from an adversary over the network in many cases. The security mechanism should be provided for collecting the information over the network. However, the ZigBee protocol has some security weaknesses. In this paper, these weaknesses are discussed and a method to improve security aspect of the ZigBee protocol is presented along with a comparison of the message complexity of the proposed security protocol with that of the current ZigBee protocol.

응용 및 융합 기술 : 유헬스 서비스 기반의 ISO/IEEE 11073-10404 모니터링 시스템 구현

김경목 ( Kyoung Mok Kim ) 한국항행학회 2014 韓國航行學會論文誌 Vol.18 No.6

유헬스 서비스는 사물인터넷 장치와 스마트 기기와 같은 모바일 장치를 사용하기 때문에 휴대가 간편한 소형 컴퓨팅 장치로 구성되어 있으며, 기존 컴퓨터에서 수행하던 작업을 동시에 수행할 수 있다. 환자의 생체정보를 이동통신망 환경에서 의료진과 환자 및 환자의 가족의 스마트기기로 실시간으로 전달할 수 있도록 bluetooth HDP 기반의 메시지 구조를 사용하였다. ISO/IEEE 11073 PHD 표준을 기반으로 agent 와 manager 사이의 통신 방법을 정의하였다. 의료진과 환자 및 환자의 가족이 스마트 기기를 통하여 실시간으로 확인 할 수 있도록 안드로이드 기반의 모니터링 애플리케이션을 구현하여 일상생활에서 사용되고 있는 스마트 기기에서 동작을 확인함으로써 생체정보의 원활한 송수신을 확인하였다. The u-health service is using portable device such as smart device and it consists of small computing device. The u-health service carry out same performance with desktop computer. We designed message structure based on Bluetooth HDP. This message structure is used to transmit patient`s biometric data on the smart device of medical team, patient and family over the mobile network environment. ISO/IEEE 11073 PHD standard was defined based on the method of communication between the agent and the manager. And We are confirmed the reliable transmission of biometric data at the smart device by implementing the android OS based patient information monitoring application to check the status of patient for medical team, patient and family.

WBAN 환경에서 Weighted Fair Queuing 기반의 GTS 타임 슬롯 할당 알고리즘

김경목(Kyoung-Mok Kim),정원수(Won-Soo Jung) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2011 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.16 No.11

WBAN은 사람이 착용하는 옷이나 인체 내부 혹은 외부에 있는 여러 장치들을 상호 연결하여 통신할 수 있는 근거리 무선통신 기술이다. WBAN은 기술 적용 분야에 따라 의료용과 비의료용으로 구분할 수 있으며, 주기적인 특성을 가진 의료용 데이터의 경우 GTS 방식을 사용해서 데이터를 전송하여 QoS를 보장한다. 본 논문에서는 WBAN 슈퍼프레임 구조에서 GTS 방식으로 데이터를 전송시 부족한 GTS 타임 슬롯을 해결하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 코디네이터는 디바이스의 데이터 전송률에 따라 GTS 타임 슬롯을 가변적으로 할당하며, GTS의 개수가 부족하면 GTS 타임 슬롯을 공유하여 사용하도록 할당한다. 제안한 기법의 성능평가를 위해 지연한도와 처리량을 비교하였다. 즉, WBAN 환경에 적합한 WFQ(Weighted Fair Queuing) 스케줄링을 적용하여 상이한 데이터 전송률을 지원하면서 GTS를 할당하는 방법을 제안하였고, 라운드로빈(Round Robin) 스케줄링 방법과 비교하여 처리량은 증가하면서 최대 지연이 감소함을 알 수 있다. WBAN is short range wireless communication technology which is consists of several small devices close to, attached to or implanted into the human body. WBAN is classified into between medical and non-medical by applications based on technology and medical data with periodic characteristics is used the GTS method for transmitting data to guarantee the QoS. In this paper we proposed algorithm that resolve lack of GTSs while data transmit GTS method in superframe structure of WBAN. Coordinator dynamically allocates GTSs according to the data rate of devices and make devices share GTSs when lack of GTSs. We compared delay bounds, throughput for performance evaluation of the proposed algorithm. In other words, we proposed algorithm adaptive WFQ scheduling that GTS allocation support differential data rate in environments of WBAN. The experiment results show the throughput increased and the maximum delay decreased compared with Round Robin scheduling.

모바일 헬스케어 기반의 환자 모니터링 시스템 구현

김경목(Kyoung-Mok Kim) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2012 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.17 No.12

본 논문에서는 모바일 헬스케어 시스템에 적합한 환자모니터링 시스템을 제안한다. 모바일 헬스케어 시스템은 스마트폰과 같은 모바일 장치를 사용하기 때문에 휴대가 간편한 소형 컴퓨팅 장치로 구성되어 있으며, 기존 컴퓨터에서 수행하던 작업을 수행할 수있다. 환자의 생체정보를 이동통신망환경에서 의료진과 환자 및 환자 가족의 스마트폰으로 실시간으로 전달할 수 있도록 TinyOS 기반의 의료용 메시지 구조를 설계하였으며 NesC를 사용하여 HBE-Ubi-ZigbeX에 포팅 하였다. 의료진과 환자 및 환자 가족이 스마트폰을 통하여 실시간으로 확인 할 수 있도록 안드로이드 기반의 환자 정보 모니터링 애플리케이션을 구현하여 일상생활에서 사용되고 있는 스마트폰에서 동작을 확인함으로써 생체정보의 원활한 송수신을 확인하였다. In this paper, we propose an patient monitoring system which is suitable for mobile healthcare system. The mobile healthcare system is using portable device such as smartphone and it consists of small computing device. The mobile healthcare system is carry out same performance with desktop computer. We designed medical message structure based on TinyOS to transmit patient's biometric data on the smartphone of medical team, patient and family over the mobile carrier environment, and ported successfully in HBE-Ubi-ZigbeX using NesC. And We confirmed reliable transmission of biometric data on the smartphone by implementing the Android OS based patient information monitoring application to check the status of patient for medical team, patient and family.