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Hyeon, Ji-Yeon,Hwang, Seoyeon,Kim, Hyejin,Song, Jaehyoung,Ahn, Jeongbae,Kang, Byunghak,Kim, Kisoon,Choi, Wooyoung,Chung, Jae Keun,Kim, Cheon-Hyun,Cho, Kyungsoon,Jee, Youngmee,Kim, Jonghyun,Kim, Kisang Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2013 Emerging infectious diseases Vol.19 No.8
<P>The epidemiology of enteroviral infection in South Korea during 1999–2011 chronicles nationwide outbreaks and changing detection and subtyping methods used over the 13-year period. Of 14,657 patients whose samples were tested, 4,762 (32.5%) samples were positive for human enterovirus (human EV); as diagnostic methods improved, the rate of positive results increased. A seasonal trend of outbreaks was documented. Genotypes enterovirus 71, echovirus 30, coxsackievirus B5, enterovirus 6, and coxsackievirus B2 were the most common genotypes identified. Accurate test results correlated clinical syndromes to enterovirus genotypes: aseptic meningitis to echovirus 30, enterovirus 6, and coxsackievirus B5; hand, foot and mouth disease to coxsackievirus A16; and hand, foot and mouth disease with neurologic complications to enterovirus 71. There are currently no treatments specific to human EV infections; surveillance of enterovirus infections such as this study provides may assist with evaluating the need to research and develop treatments for infections caused by virulent human EV genotypes.</P>
Jaehyoung Koo,전형탁,Sangmin Jeon,Seokhoon Kim,Yangdo Kim,Youngdo Won 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.48 No.I
Al2O3 thin films were deposited by using the plasma-enhanced atomic-layer deposition (PEALD) method and then investigated as a replacement for SiO2 gate dielectric films. Two different precursors, dimethylaluminum isopropoxide [DMAI, (CH3)2AlOCH(CH3)2] and trimethylaluminum [TMA, Al(CH3)3], were used to deposit the Al2O3. An oxygen plasma was used as the reactant gas. The process window of the Al2O3 films deposited using the DMAI precursor was wider than that of the Al2O3 films deposited using the TMA precursor. A linear relationship between film thickness and the number of process cycles was observed after the initial 50 cycles of Al2O3 deposition. The linear film growth rates were 0.14 nm/cycle and 0.12 nm/cycle using TMA and DMAI, respectively. Both Al2O3 films showed an amorphous structure with an Al silicate phase. The leakage currents of as-deposited Al2O3 with TMA and DMAI were approximately 7.9 × 10.9 and 3.3 × 10.9 A/cm2 with calculated EOT values of approximately 3.2 and 3.3 nm, respectively. In particular, the Al2O3 films deposited using the newly synthesized DMAI precursor, which is non-pyrophoric and safe, had comparable electrical properties to those of the Al2O3 films deposited using the TMA precursor.e
A Critical Analysis of Intentional Fouling in Sports
( Jaehyoung Kim ) 한국체육학회 2016 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1
Purpose: This study aims to analyze ethical problems raised by intentional fouling in sports in order to suggest solutions to the issues. These ethical problems are examined in detail enabling us to provide a robust analysis for the suggested solution. Method: Various cases of intentional fouling were examined in order to understand how ethical problems are contingent on various conditions found in relation to the ethical fair play of sport. Second, I review literature in the fields of sport ethics and philosophy in order to analyze these widely accepted problems through a critical lens. Thirdly, I have presented the arguments in favor for intentional fouling which lead to the current circumstances in which intentional fouling has gained wide acceptance. I have specifically focused on basketball and the analysis of philosophic discourse related to intentional fouling and strategic fouling. I scrutinize ethical consideration of intentional fouling and whether the fouling is morally valid or not. Finally this study will recommend compromises based on the current relationship of intentional fouling and sport as a means to help rectify current issues. Result: This study analyzes a series of studies in relation to intentional fouling and strategic fouling through a theoretical and ethical lens. This study introduces why intentional fouling is ethically wrong and how it incites ethical problems such as player injuries, non-sportsmanship behaviors and match fixing. If intentional fouling is unrestricted for strategic gain, negative consequences will continue to be a part of sport. Thus, this study emphasizes the seriousness of its problems and helps resolve these issues. Conclusion: In closing this study contemplates ethical problems of intentional fouling and sheds light on strategic play. This study does not take lightly the deeds that tend to harm the originality of sports, injure players and manipulate the outcomes of games. As a result this study stipulates that sports should remain within the boundaries of our general moral judgment and choices. Violating such ethical judgments regardless of commonality and acceptability are not exempt from the implementation of general standards of ethics.
The guest-dependent thermal response of the flexible MOF Zn<sub>2</sub>(BDC)<sub>2</sub>(DABCO)
Kim, Yonghwi,Haldar, Ritesh,Kim, Hyunuk,Koo, Jaehyoung,Kim, Kimoon The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Dalton Transactions Vol.45 No.10
<P>The guest-dependent thermal response of the flexible MOF Zn-2(BDC)(2)(DABCO) (1) has been studied. A series of temperature-dependent single crystallographic analyses revealed inherent structural thermal responses of 1. The guest-free framework 1 exhibited interesting thermal responses including anisotropic thermal expansion (negative thermal expansion (NTE) along the a- and b-axes, positive thermal expansion (PTE) along the c-axis) and disorder-order phase transition. In addition, inclusion of guest molecules (DMF and benzene) brought distinct thermal responses to 1 from host-guest interactions. 1.4DMF showed altered thermal responses, presenting disorder-order phase transitions at a higher temperature and PTE along the a- and b-axes. Meanwhile, 1.3benzene displayed a quite different type of thermal response such as a hinge like motion (breathing) without a symmetry change.</P>
Kim, Yong Jae,Yun, JaeHyoung,Kim, Seon Il,Hong, Hyeonaug,Park, Jun-Hee,Pyun, Jae-Chul,Ryu, WonHyoung Elsevier 2018 Biosensors & bioelectronics Vol.117 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Direct extraction of photosynthetic electrons from the whole photosynthetic cells such as plant cells or algal cells can be highly efficient and sustainable compared to other approaches based on isolated photosynthetic apparatus such as photosystems I, II, and thylakoid membranes. However, insertion of nanoelectrodes (NEs) into individual cells are time-consuming and unsuitable for scale-up processes. We propose simple and efficient insertion of massively-populated NEs into cell films in which algal cells are densely packed in a monolayer. After stacking the cell film over an NE array, gentle pressing of the stack allows a large number of NEs to be inserted into the cells in the cell film. The NE array was fabricated by metal-assisted chemical etching (MAC-etching) followed by additional steps of wet oxidation and oxide etching. The cell film was prepared by mixing highly concentrated algal cells with alginate hydrogel. Photosynthetic currents of up to 106 nA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> was achieved without aid of mediators, and the photosynthetic function was maintained for 6 days after NE array insertion into algal cells.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Over 100,000 algal cells are simultaneously inserted by densely packed nanoelectrode array. </LI> <LI> Magnitude of photosynthetic electric currents is strongly influenced by insertion force. </LI> <LI> Algal cells are stable and produce electricity after nanoelectrode insertion for 6 days. </LI> <LI> Sharpened and dense nanoelectrodes with high aspect ratio are fabricated for energy harvesting. </LI> </UL> </P>
Habitat Fragmentation by a Levee and Its Impact on Frog Population in the Civilian Control Zone
Jaehyoung Ju,Jae Hyun Kim,Kim・Seung Ho Kim 한국습지학회 2016 한국습지학회지 Vol.18 No.2
본 연구는 민간인통제구역에 건설된 제방으로 인한 생태계 분절이 양서류 서식지에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 제방 한편에 두 논(사이트 1, 2)과 제방 옆을 지나는 수내천(사이트 3), 그리고 제방 다른 편의 관개수로가 위치한 논(사이트 4)에 대해 7개월간에 걸쳐 조사를 실시하였다. 조사 결과, 주로 논과 수변지역에 많이 서식하는참개구리(295개체), 청구개리(n=220개체), 옴개구리(124개체)가 주로 발견되었고 한국산 개구리(8개체)와 두꺼비(3개체)도 일부 확인되었다. 이 양서류들은 계절에 따른 물 공급 상황의 변화에 따라 논과 하천 지역에서 양적 변화를 보여사이트 1,2,3에서 두드러지게 나타났으나 제방 반대편의 사이트 4에서는 풍부한 수자원에도 불구하고 양적 변화가 적은것으로 나타났다. 가뭄철 수내천에 물이 말라 이 지역 개구리들이 현저히 감소했을 때에도 물이 풍부하고 거리가 비슷한제방 건너편의 사이트 4보다는 제방 같은 편의 사이트 1, 2 지역에서 다수의 개구리들의 존재가 확인되었다. We examined whether an artificial levee constructed on prime amphibian habitat influences fragmentation. Four different sites on both sides of a levee in the Civilian Control Zone(CCZ) were probed. Sites 1 and 2 are rice paddies on one side of the levee, and Site 3 is the stream that locates in the same side. All the three sites have water conditions of seasonal variance. On the other side, Site 4 consists of rice paddies with a stable condition of water supply, irrigated through a canal. The research sites were frequented and the frog populations were closely monitored. The investigation identified five species. Pelophylax nigromaculatus was the most frequent (n=295), followed by Hyla japonica (n=220) and Glandirana rugosa (n=124). Three Bufo gargarizans and eight Rana coreana were also found. The amphibians, however, were found to relocate themselves according to water condition to rice paddies or stream only within one side of the levee. Despite having ample sources of water and foods, Site 4 lacked large populations of frogs, even when droughts came. Both the species dominance index and the richness index indicated a more favorable living condition of the one side of the levee (Sites 1 and 2) over the other.