몰드물성 및 Chip의 크기차이에 따른 웨이퍼 레벨 SiP에 대한 열 피로 해석 모사

김성걸,김주영,정호동,김재호 한국공작기계학회 2009 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.-

This paper describes in detail the life prediction models, and simulation of thermal fatigue under different mold compounds and chip sizes for wafer level embedded SiP. A 3D Finite element model was built to simulate the viscoplastic behaviors for mold compounds and chip sizes. Especially, bonding parts between mold and Silicon Nitride(Si₃N₄) were carefully modelled and distribution of strains was studied. Three different chip sizes were used and the effects of mold compounds were observed. Consequently, this numerical study shows that type-A has better fatigue life than other mold compounds. Also, 4×4 size chip has a shorter life than 6×6 and 8×8 size.

이화방어기제검사 표준화연구

김재은,김정규,박영숙,이근후 大韓神經精神醫學會 1991 신경정신의학 Vol.30 No.3

This study aimed at an evaluation of the reliability and validity of Ewha Defense Mechanism Test(EDMT) for standardization during the period from June 25 to July 10 with nationalwide sample which was standardized by Rhee Kun Hoo. Kin Jae Un. Kim Jung Kyu. and Park Young Sook. The number of subjects were 1.323 who were sampled by the method of proportional stratification on age. sex. education. local area variables. This test is composed of 20 defense mechanism subscales and total items of the test are 200. The results were as follows : 1) The range of means of each scales were from 2.70 to 3.34 and the range of items standard deviation was from .71 to 1.28. 2) The corrected item-total correlation coefficients were than .10 for all items except two items which was the index of internal consistancy. 3) The spearman-Brown split-half reliability coefficients were more than .66 and the retest reliability coefficients were more than .72 for all scales. 4) By the evaluation of the cross validation with “16 Personality Factor Inventory”. it was found that 11 factors were consistent with expectation among 16 factors so that the result of cross validity was moderately sufficient. 5) By the factor analysis. four factors were extracted. Factor 1 was “unstable sensitization defense mechanisms”which were acting out, displacement, somatization. dissociation. projection. and passive-aggressive behavior. Factor 2 was “ego-expansive defense mechanisms” which were composed of controlling. distortion. altruism. humor. and sublimation. Factor 3 was “ego-denial defense mechanisms” which were reaction formation. bragging identification. and regressin. Factor 4 was “reality evasive defense mechanisms” which were denial rationalization. suppression. anticipation. and evasion.

구순열과 구개열환자의 특성에 관한 분석

나후자,양은진,김선,김수일,김원식 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1997 충남의대잡지 Vol.24 No.2

The cleft lip and cleft palate has relatively high incidence among congenital anomalies. The etiological factors of these anomalies have been studied widely, but they are not yet understood perfectly. So, the authors reviewed and analyzed retrospectively 505 cases of cleft lip and cleft palate patients who were treated at the Chungnam Uiversity Hospital during the past 12 years from January 1985 to December 1996 for evaluation of etiological factors of cleft lip and palate, and the results were as follows : 1. The male was affected 1.6 times more frequently in cleft lip with palate, but the female was affected 1.8 time more frequently in cleft palate alone. 2. The incomplete cleft lip was 1.7 times higher than complete type and the ratio of left, right and bilateral was 2.1 : 1 : 0.3, and complete cleft lip with palate was 4 times higher than incomplete type and the ratio of left, right and bilateral was 1.2 : 1 : 0.9. 3. The incomplete cleft palate was 6.6 times higher than complete cleft palate. 4. There was positive family history in 11.8% of all the patients. 5. There was combined congenital anomalies with cleft lip and palate in 18.8% of all patients, and the most frequently involved anomaly was the ear anomaly. 6. U.R.I was the most frequently involved disease and herb medicine was the most frequently administered drug during the frist trimester. 7. In educational level of parents, senior high school was 66.5% of all.

마취제 혼합에 따른 Purple Membrane의 광순환반응에 부피 변화에 관한 연구

김기준,이후설 대진대학교 첨단소재연구소 1999 첨단소재연구소논문집 Vol.2 No.-

The excess volumes of mixing of benzyl alcohol, ethyl, alcohol, halothane, and procainein vesicle and in suspensions of several lipids have been etermined at 25℃ using a excess volume dilatometer. the potency of general aneathetics has long been known to correlate with lipid solubility Halobacteriun Halobium, were studied by absorption changes at280nm and fiuorescence ehanges at 330nm. The excess volumes of mixing in egg lecithin were all found to enegative, whereas they were positive in procaine and halothane. This result was confirmed as Miller's supposition.

營農類型別 農業所得의 隔差要因分析 : 河東部 3 個 部落을 중심으로 A Survey of Three Villages in Hadong-gun

金永暾,金厚根 慶尙大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.24 No.2

The present study has been performed postulating that we are able to increase income in a limited area of crop land by improving the type of farming and making use of family labor time. In an attempt to test the my hypothesis, three typical villages with the similar farm size but different type of farming have been selected. The results obtained in the survey are summarized as follows. 1) There are no differences between the size of crop land and numbers of farmers in the selected three villages. In addition, the farms have similar economic background and farming conditions. 2) Though the general food grain village still keep growing only rice and barley with the traditional type of farming, the other farms(villages) have changed to livestock farm by importing beef cattles since 1970. Improving the old style of farming the present major portion of job was livestock farming and minor, crop farming. Further a third type of farming, has been observed that have improved the old type of farming by employing both the multi-culture farming system and vinyl house. .3) Food grain village farmers cultivate rice and barley. But livestock farm village grow the rice and forage crops. Advanced horticulture farming farmer cultivate rice and horticulture instead of cultivating barley in the winter and spring season. 4) The cropping systems on non-paddy land in food grain village are crops and barley but livestock farmers produce mainly forage during the seasons. Vinyl house farmers regard horticulture farming as their main income source but summer crops only their family requirements. 5) It was found that the size of crop land surveyed on the three villages appeared similar in each other, but its labor input was shown to be remarkly different by their type of farming. The average labor input an livestock village and those an vinyl house farmer have been increased 60 percent and 70 percent, respectively, comapring with food grain village. 6) The ratio of fixed capital turned out to be the highest in livestock village. 7) The component-ratio of farm expenses is very different. In crop-major the component ratio of farm expenses shows the high figure of 44. 1 percent. It shows the lower in the other villages. 8) The farms with similar size of crop land but being improved in type of farming brought about a great differences in average farm income.. The average income of 350,000 Won in food grain village have been in comparison with that of 870,000 Won in livestock village and that of 760,000 Won in vinyl house village. 9) The factors of increasing farm income prove to be as follows. 1. To cultivate economic crops. 2. To use more labor hour. 3. Utilization of by-products. 4. To promote efficiency of land utility, such as 168 percent in food grain village, 180 percent in livestock village, 360 percent in vinyl house village. 10) From the result of determinant for increasing farm income by type of farming, crop land is measured as a critical factor of increasing farm income at the food grain village, and farm land, farm labor hours and other capital inputs have equally contributed to increase farm income at livestock village. Farm labor hours is measured as a important factor to improve farm income at the vinyl house village.

農業人力 育成事業의 展開過程과 發展方案

金秉鐸,金厚根 慶尙大學校 地域開發硏究所 1999 地域開發硏究 - 慶尙大學校 地域開發硏究所 Vol.10 No.-

벼 大單位 增産團地栽培에 關한 經營實態調査 : 慶南地方의 5個 團地를 中心으로

金厚根,金正敎,尹泰圭,河湖成,張權烈 慶尙大學校 1975 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Recently large scale cooperative rice production system has been promoted. This cooperative rice production system is intended to promote introducing a set of new technology which may not be suitable for individual small scale farms to adopt. And this system is believed to be one of important public programs to achieve productivity growth policy goal in Korea. Nevertheless, there seem to exist several problems for this public program to widely introduce to over-all nation. This is one of main objectives that this study intends to investigate. In order to study comparative characteristics of the large scale rice cooperative farm in terms of resource base and organization 99 farms which are member farms and 100 farms which are non-member individual farms have been selected and interviewed from five large scale cooperative farm areas in Gyeong-Nam Province in 1974. The important findings can be summarized as follows: 1) Most of operators af both classes belong to age cohert 40∼50, but the average educational level for member farm operators is higher than that for non-member. 2) The average scale Of rice paddy for member farms, 13.1 tanbO, is larger than that for non-member, 10.6, and the same thing is true for average size of rice paddy plots which is, respectively, 805 pyeong and 690. 3) Completely irrigated paddy for member farms is 99 percent of total paddy owned whereas that for non-member is 81, and consolidated paddy for member farms is 67 percent while that for non-member is 26.4. On the other hand, technically improved paddy other than indicated above for member farms is 32 percent, but that for non-member is only 8.3. 4) Number of rice varieties adopted is 9 for both classes. The most popular variety for member farm is Akibare(36%) whereas that for non-member is Sadominori(29.3%) and Akibare (28.4%). 5) Labor used is 13.5 man per tanbo for member farms and 12.4 for non-member. More labor is used for improving soil quality and protection for member farms whereas less labor is used for preparatory works such as seed bed, sterilization, and water management in the case of the member farm. 6) In the case of member farms, the type of work which is achieved cooperatively by more than 70 percent is purchasing or exchaging seeds, sterilization, and plant protection. Despite seed bad, water management, transplanting and the like being more or less suitable for cooperative work, the proportion of those works done cooperatively is relatively small as compared to what we expected. 7) According to farmers interviewed, variety selection, plant protection, seed bed, transplanting fertilization, water management, and harvesting works are more easier for cooperation, in order importance. 8) Cooperative farmers were cultivating a leading variety, Tongil, which showed higher yields than ordinary varieties and had a desire to be released a new high yielding variety which has a characteristics of highly resistance to dsease and insect. 9) Cooperative farmers were forced to begin the nusery bed earlier than the individual farmers and to emphasize on the disease and insect control with more frequencies. 10) Cooperative farmers had benefits in the seedling transplanting earlier and higher planting density than individual farmers. 11) Cooperative farmers had an intention to apply a deep fertilization method arid to dress heavier nitrogen with a reasonable ratio of the basal fertilization to the top dressing. 12) Cooperative farmers had a convenient irrigation system and were available to adopt a summer drainage method. 13) Cooperative farmers controlled the weed with agricultural chemicals arid recognized the control effect of weedcides. 14) In general, it was recognized that there happened somewhat benefit result in disease control in the cooperative farm while a reasonable control effect was not found in heavy prevailing case. The dominant diseases found in the cooperative farm were sheath bright, strip disease and they were to he prevented with a strong efforts. 15) Rice stem borer and grass leaf roller were effelctivey controlled in the cooperative farm, however, plant hoppers was not completely controlled by the usual method because of its unexpected prevalence. 16) The most difficult thing to cooperate they indicate is to supply an adequate amount of labor at appropriate time in tire labor peak season. In this sense, it seems necessary to introduce field machinary in order to achieve the objective of large scale cooperative rice production. 17) Farmers interviewed believe that technology concerning yield increase is most important. in this respect, it is important to develop such new technology, to diseminate its results and to train good quality extension workers. 18) 42 percent of member farm operators indicate that the cooperative system was successful and 25 percent indicate failed. 29 percent of non-member farmers think that the cooperative farm system was successful and 7 percent of them think failed. Thus 55 percent of non-member farmers indicate they are willing to join to the system in the next year, 7 percent of them are not and others have not decided yet. 19) 60 percent of member farmers think that the scale and number of members of the system were too much large to successfully cooperate and 67 percent of them believe that cooperation among members were not very developed, and 42 percent of members suppose what the leader of individual active farms were not very well functioning. 20) Number of member farmers who believe that the yield level in this year is increased as compared that before joining to the system is 3,4 percent, and no one indicated that the yield level is decreased. On the other hand, 22 percent of them believe that by participating to the system the same quality of paddy could produce more rice. 21) About 93 percent of member farmers believe that the system may not lie survived without support of government and i priority must be given to yield technology. 22) About 80 percent of member operators indicate that they would partioipate to the program in the next production year and 23 percent of them indicate that they would participate with the same amount of paddy land as this year. 23) The rice yield level for member and non-member farms is, respectively, 406kg and 346 per tanbo, and the former is 17.3 percent higher than the latter. 24) The cash expenses per tanbo for member and non-member farms is, respectively, 12,311 won and 10,398. 25) The gross revenud per tanbo for both classes is, respectively, 60,024 won, and 51,303 when evaluated by the official price level, and the net income is, respectively, 47,713 won and 40,905. As seen above, the fact that the rice yield level of member farmers, hence, the income level turns out to be higher seems to stem from two basic factors; that is, on the average, the member farmers are operating farm with an improved resource base and they seem to use more the so called conventional inputs with a better yield technology and management. Thus we may conclude that it is important to invest to improve resource quality, to innovate new yield technology and diseminate this innovation. At the same time, in order to more promote the cooperative system, it seems desirable to solve the following problem areas: 1) Number of member farms and paddy area covered by one cooperaitve unit seems better not to he very large. This seems so because there is on much scale economies owing to the nature of technology available to adopt, whereas a large member unit may restrict opportunity of individual members to deeply involve in the process of decision making. Thus we recommend to continue to study finding an optimum size of the unit. 2) As implied already, quality as well as quantity of extension workers and other local officers who lead this program area crucial factor to expand number of unit of the system and hence to achieve the objective of the program. 3) In order to get rid of labor deficit, especially in the labor peak season farm mechanization seems necessary. For this matter, it is worthwhile to promote, first of all, to invent suitable field machinery, secondly, land consolidation and other land improvement projects, and thirdly to innovate a new technology system suitable to mechanized farming. At any rate, it is also necessary for the government to supply an adequate amount of credit and other administrative support.

우리나라 農家所得의 分析

金厚根 진주산업대학교 1970 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

Economic development in agriculture can be stated one of the main goals of our national policy. A number of political measurements is performed in order to increase farm family earning level. so that equilibrium between farm and non-farm sectors can be achieved. Indeed it is well known fact that backwardness in agriculture is the critical factor limiting the over-all economic growth, especially, in the developing countries like as Korea. Income gap between industries principally rests in disequilibrium of factor productivities. In nature the this gap can be corrected through achievement of resource allocative efficiency between industries, on other hand, allocative efficiency in intra-industry can be serve for the same goal in the short-run. Hence, in this paper, we will investigate the present state of farm family earning and examine its composition to find out same possible suggestions for the sake of equilibrium achievement. 1. The farm family earning level is tended to increase but is still being low as compared to the wage earning in the non-farm sector as shown in Table (5).The former amounts, on the average,178,959 won ln 1968, 75 percent of which comes from agricultural production, and the rests from off-farm employment or others(off-farm income). 2. Of the gross farm receipts, revenue from crop production amounts to 75 percent,57 percent of which is those of rice and barley. Thus farm family earning can be said to be influenced by the price variation of rice and barley. Hence we can conclude that price supporting program is of importance to maintain farm income at a desired level. 3. On the other hand, the farm family earning can be increased by achieving allocative efficiency or altering the farm type as suggested in Table(9),or by stimulating the ratio of double-crop land Table(10), especially in a country where crop land is the most limiting factor of agricultural production.

食糧消費類型에 關한 調査

金厚根 진주산업대학교 1970 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

Objectives of this study The primary purposes of this study were; 1. To discribe the attitudes of consummers regarding food consumption in the households. 2. To analyze the consumption patterns by occupation and income groups. Summary of major findings. 1. The average size of the 50 households surveyed was 6.0 persons. There was not a great difference in size of household among income groups and various occupation. 2. Of the 302 households members, 186 persons were salary man. 3. The average monthly income was 2,528 won per person. The monthly total food expenditure per person was 938 won. 4. The food expense of the survey households averaged 37.1 percent of their disposable income. And thus Engel's ratio of food expenditure to disposable income decreased continuously as the income increased. 5. The average monthly consumption of food grains was 15.7 liters per person. The lower income group ate less rice and more other grains than higher income groups. 6. The most common response (51.2 percent) was that eating rice alone is too expenses. Another common response (39.5 percent) was that other grains swell more than rice in cooking, so that the members of the household can be filled up at less cost. 7. 27.2 per cent of the household members ate lunches away from home. Those who carried lunch from hoem were mostly children who were attending school. It is interesting to note that there was not much difference among income groups in the proportion of household members carring lunches. The frequency of dining out for supper was greater at higher income 8. In comparing household food expenditure by occupation of the head of the household, the average expenditure per person varied directly with the average household income level of the occupation

Meckel 게실의 합병증으로 수술 받은 환아의 임상양상

김현아,최금자,한후재 이화여자대학교 2003 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.26 No.2

Objectives : The purpose of study is to assess the clinical characteristics of complicated Meckel's diverticulum in children. Methods : A retrospective review of pediatric cases of complicated Meckel's diverticulae that were surgically treated at Ewha Womans University Hospital from 1985 was performed. The charts were reviewed for the age and sex of the patients, operation finding, treatment, and outcome. Results : A total 13 patients with a complicated Meckel's diverticulum were identified. There were 8 boys(61.5%) and 5 girls (38.5%) with a mean age of 5.3 years (range, 1month to 14years). Presenting signs and symptoms included digestive hemorrhage (6), intestinal obstruction(4), perfora-tion (1), intussusception due to inverted Meckel's diverticulum (1) and diverticulitis (1). A ^(99m) technetium pertechnetate scintiscan was positive in 3 of 4 patients. Barium contrast studies and colonoscopys were not diagnostic. The mean distance from the ileocecal valve to the diverticulum was 47.0±15.7cm. Average length of the diverticulum was approximately 4.7±3.0cm. Segmen-tal small bowel resection including Meckel's diverticulum (84.6%) or wedge excision(15.4%) was done for treatment. In the bleeding group, ectopic gastric mucosa was present in 5 of 6 patients. Postoperative morbidity and mortality was each 0%. Conclusion : The results of this study draw attention to the fact that the complicated Meckel's diverticulum must be suspected in children with acute abdomen or gastrointestinal bleeding. 목적: Meckel 게실의 합병증의 원인이 되어 수술적 치료를 받은 소아 환자들의 임상적 증상과 수술소견, 병리학적 소견을 분석하여 이들의 특징을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 1985년 이후 이화대학교의료원에서 Meckel 게실의 합병증으로 수술을 받은 15세 이하의 소아들 대상으로 하여 의무기록과 조직병리 검사 결과를 조사하였다. 결과: 총 13명의 환아가 Meckel 게실의 합병증으로 수술을 받았으며 남녀의 비는 1.6:1로 남아에서 호발하는 경향을 보였으며, 수술 시 평균 연령은 5.3세였다. 수술의 원인이 된 Meckel 게실의 진단은 장출혈 6예, 장폐색 4예,Meckel 게실의 천공 1예, 장중첩 1예, 게실염 1예였다. 회맹판에서 게실까지의 평균길이는 47.0±15.7cm이었으며, 소장부분절제술과 쐐기절제술이 각각 84.6%와 15.4%에서 시행되었다. 장출혈을 나타내었던 환아 6명 중 5예에서 병리조직에서 이소성 위 점막이 관찰되었다. 술 후 합병증과 사망예는 없었다. 결론 : 소아에서 외과적 급성 복증이나 장출혈의 증상이 나타날 경우, Meckel 게실의 합병증의 가능성에 대한 외과의의 인식이 필요하다.