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관급수불화도시민(管給水弗化都市民)과 관급수비불화도시민(管給水非弗化都市民)의 매일경뇨배설불소량(每日經尿排泄弗素量)에 관한 연구
김윤관,문혁수,김종배,백대일,정세환 대한구강보건학회 2002 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.26 No.1
Fluorine is a natural element found at varying concentrations in all drinking water and in soil. It is considered a beneficial nutrient and is present in trace in the body, When consumed in optimal amounts in water and food and used topically in toothpaste, rinses, and office treatments, fluoride reduces the risk and prevalence of dental caries and help promote enamel remineralization throughout life. Fluoride is absorbed in intestine and excreted via the kidney. Water fluoridation is to maintain optimal fluoride concentration of water to prevent dental caries. Recently water fluoridation is in practice in many cities in Korea. This study was undertaken to estimate the total intake of fluoride of residents drinking fluoride-poor water and fluoridated water. The 24-hours urine samples was collected from 2-10-year-old children and 25-35-year-old men. The analyses were performed potentiometrically using a fluoride-specific electrode. The volume of 24-hours urine was measured, the urinary fluoride concentration was determined and the amount of urinary fluoride excretion was calculated. The amount of urinary fluoride excretion was compared statistically and the intake of fluoride was estimated. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The mean 24-hours urinary fluoride excretion of subjects drinking fluoridated water was shown to be significantly higher(p<0.05) than that of subjects drinking fluoride-poor water, both children and men. 2. Total daily intake amounts of fluoride of adult drinking fluoridated water and fluoride-poor water are estimated 1.9-2.8㎎ and 0.9-1.3㎎, respectively. 3. Total daily intake amounts of fluoride of children drinking fluoridated water and fluoride-poor water are estimated 0.063㎎/㎏ and 0.043㎎/㎏, respectively. 4. Total daily intake amounts of fluoride of residents drinking fluoridated water dose not exceed optimal range, and that of residents drinking fluoride-poor water is under optimal range. So, it was concluded that water fluoridation should be recommended at non-fluoridated area in Korea.
Lee, Kwan Ho,Kim, Byoung Jung,Yoon, Soon Ho,Lee, Dai Gil Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2009 Journal of adhesion science and technology Vol.23 No.4
<P>Since metal foils such as aluminum, copper or nickel foils have been used in composite structures for radiation shielding and EMI protection in space environments, high adhesive bonding strength and durability between metal foils and composites under large temperature variations are very important. In this study, the strength of co-cure bonded joint between an aluminum foil and a composite has been investigated, with three different aluminum surface treatments such as standard PAA (Phosphoric Acid Anodization) procedure, abrasion with sandpaper, and carbon black pasting on the metal foils. From the double cantilever beam (DCB) tests, it was found that the interlaminar peel strength with carbon black pasting improved 60% compared to the laminate without any surface treatment. Also it was found that the interlaminar peel strength of the co-cure carbon/epoxy composite-aluminum foil hybrid laminate with the carbon black pasting on the aluminum foil did not decrease after many thermal cycles from 30°C to −196°C.</P>
이관호 ( Kwan Ho Lee ),김형욱 ( Hyung Ook Kim ),류창학 ( Chang Hak Yoo ),손병호 ( Byung Ho Son ),박용래 ( Yong Lai Park ),조용균 ( Yong Kyun Cho ),김흥대 ( Hung Dai Kim ),한원곤 ( Won Kon Han ) 대한소화기학회 2012 대한소화기학회지 Vol.59 No.3
Background/Aims: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been mostly used as a therapeutic alternative to hepatic resection for treating liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether there were differences in outcome between RFA and surgical resection in the treatment of colorectal cancer with liver metastases. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 53 patients who underwent only hepatic resection or only RFA for colorectal liver metastases. Twenty-five patients who underwent hepatic resection were compared with 28 patients who underwent RFA for synchronous or metachronous liver metastases. Results: The median CEA level at the time of diagnosis of liver metastases was significantly higher in the resection group (14.2ng/mL vs. 2.8ng/mL, p=0.002). The median size of main liver metastases was significantly larger in the resection group (4.0 cm vs. 2.05 cm, p=0.002). There was no difference in the percentage of patients experiencing major complication (one patient in each group). The marginal recurrence rate was significantly higher in the RFA group (p=0.004). Disease-free and overall survival were longer in the resection group (p=0.008 and 0.017, respectively). In multivariate analysis, only the type of treatment was a factor associated with disease-free and overall survival (p=0.004 and 0.007, respectively). Conclusions: Because of the high marginal recurrence rate, RFA shows an inferior outcome in comparison with surgical resection. Therefore, RFA should be considered for only selected patients with unresectable (by any means) disease or with high operative risk.
신대원,구성관,김웅이,Shin, Dai-Won,Ku, Sung-Kwan,Kim, Woong-Yi 한국항공운항학회 2015 한국항공운항학회지 Vol.23 No.2
In this study, we surveyed the CAO Dangerous Goods, the Cargo Compartment Classification, IATA DGR(Dangerous Goods Regulations), ICAO Doc. 9284 and the regulation for the Air Transport of Dangerous Goods by Ministry of land Infrastructure and Transport of Korea. We found that the differences between these regulations. Applied according to the type of dangerous goods cargo compartment Class is determined. These regulations have caused confusion was due to the difference, because of the need for revision and amendment regulations were analyzed.
OFDMA 시스템에서 셀 외곽지역의 동일 채널간섭 최소화를 위한 자원할당 기법
김대관,김종경,서종수,Kim Dai-Kwan,Kim Jong-Kyung,Seo Jong-Soo 한국통신학회 2006 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.31 No.6A
본 논문은 다중 셀 OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) 시스템에서 외곽 지역 사용자들의 QoS(Quality of Service)를 보장하기 위해 두 단계로 이루어진 자원 할당 알고리즘을 제안한다. 다중 셀 환경에서 셀 외곽 지역에 위치한 사용자들은 인접 셀에서 발생하는 동일 채널 간섭에 의한 수신 SINR(Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio)의 열화가 셀 내부 지역의 사용자들에 비해 심각하다. 제안하는 기법은 인접한 셀들의 외곽 사용자들 간 배타적 부반송파 할당과 전력 재할당을 통해 동일 채널 간섭을 억제한다. 모의실험 결과 외곽 지역의 데이터 전송률을 600Kbps이상 향상시킴으로써 지역 간 불균형한 서비스 제공 현상을 완화시켜 사용자수와 사용자의 셀 내 위치에 대해 안정적인 데이터 전송률을 지원하였다. This paper considers the problem of mitigating CCI(Co-channel Interference) in cellular OFDMA downlink systems. The users in the cell-edge area suffer from large CCIs, and their SINR requirements are hard to be maintained. To guarantee their QoS, we propose a new exclusive sub-carrier allocation and power control algorithm. The performance of the proposed two-step algorithm is simulated in SUI-A path-loss model, and it is compared with that of the conventional algorithm. The simulation results show that the data transmission rate in the cell-edge area was increased by 600Kbps within the same power constraint. The results indicate that with proposed algorithm, the data rate stability can be achieved independently of the user location in the cell.