랫드에서 인체 재조합 적혈구 조혈인자, rHuEPO의 13주 정맥투여 아만성독성에 관한 연구

김형식,곽승준,천선아,박현선,한하수,임소영,안미영,김원배,김병문,안병옥,홍성렬,이병무 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1998 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.10 No.1

A recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) was administered intravenously at dosage levels of 0, 100, 500, and 2500 IU/㎏/day for a period of 13 weeks. There were no observed clinical signs and deaths related to treatment in all groups tested. Decreases in body weight gain and food consumption were observed only in males of 2,500 IU/㎏ group after 2 weeks. In hematological parameters, erythrocyte content, hematocrit values and hemoglobin concentration were dose-dependently increased in rHuEPO treated groups. The ratio between kidney weight and whole body weight was significantly increased in females of 500 and 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. The spleen weight was also increased in both sexes of 500 and 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. However, the absolute weight change of other organs was not observed. In histopathological examinations, the renal tubular basophilia was observed only in males and females of 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. From these results, it is concluded that the no-observed adverse effect level(NOAEL) of rHuEPO is 100 IU/㎏ in rats in the present study.

雪岳圈 觀光Hotel從事員의 意識構造에 關한 硏究

金炳文 관동대학교 1981 關大論文集 Vol.9 No.1

Since the 1960's, the tiurist industry in Korea has developed remarkably. One of the outstanding sigutseeing areas is the Sorak Mountain region. In this area are two beautiful national parks, (Sorak mountain and Odea Mountain) and many lovely beaches. While the great tourist market of Korea is Seoul, the Sorak area also attracts tourists from all parts of the country. The yung Dong Express highway opened in Oct, 1975, and the Dong-hae Semi-Express highway opened in 1978, has reduced the travel time to the sorak area, making it easily accessible. Consequently, there are many Hotels in Sorak mountain area to accommodate tourists. The purpose of this study is to (1) describe the characteristics and consciousness structure of Hotel employees and (2) to provide measuring data on the above. The data was obtained by interviewing, with a structured questionnaire, hotel employees in hotels in the Sorak mountain area. A tolal of 172 interviews were conducted. Results 1. Sixty-Four Percent of the hotel employees interviewed were male and 36.0 percent were female. The majority of the employees 62.2 percent were between 20 to 30 years of age. These findings are the Same as those of a recent study in Kyung puk province. 2. Of the persons interviewed 61.6 percent were senior high school graduates and 11.0 percent were college graduates. 3. Twenty-two point seven percent of those interviewed had been engaged in commercial occupations prior to their present position; 17.4 percent were students and 12.2 percent had been in Service Occupations. 4. Sixty-three point three percent of the hotels had fewer than 100 guest rooms. One point eight percent of the hotels had 200 or more rooms. The average number of rooms per hotel for the country as a whole is 130.9 rooms. 5. Thirty-nine percent of the hotels had 40 to 80 people employeed: 30.8 percent had less than 80 employees and the small hotels (4.7%) employed fewer than 20 people. 6. Fifty-five point eight percent of the hotel employees worked eveven to twelve hour per day, while 7.0% worked eight hour in a day. Most employees prefer to work at guest rooms, the entrence halls and in administration. 7. Thirty-two point six percent of hotel employees can speak a little with foreign guests and the rest can not. English and Japanese are the languages these employees know best. 8. Of those interviewed thirty-eight point four percent said that they enjoyed and appreciated tourists who come to their hotel. 9. Fifty-five point eight percent of the employees said that the other people influenced them to be hotel employees; Twenty-five percent said that working in a hotel was a "good job" and that they could save money. Twenty-one percent said they had majored in Tourism in School. 10. Fifty-five point eight percent of the employees had been engaged by the present hotel owner for five years or less, and thirty-five point eight percent said that they are satisfied with their occupation. 11. Thirty-four point nine percent of the employees were unsatisfied with their occupation, the main reason being the low salary. Twenty point theree percent think that other people think being a hotel employee is a bad occupation. 12. Thirty-six point six percent of the employees had experenced a change of occup ation. The reasons given were as follows: 21.5 percent changed for better pay and for advanced position. Fourty one point four percent said they want to change their occupation or discontinue it. Suggestions: 1. Tourists should not forget to thank the hotel employees who serve them during their stay. Good tourism should promote mutual respect between the guests and employees. 2. Hotel management like to employe persons who have low education so they can pay salaries. But hotels need people who have experence and qualifications if good service is to be provided. 3. Hotel management must pay resonable salaries and must pay overtime employees who work more than 8 hours a day. 4. Regular "advisory education" for hotel owners is needed in order to improve service. All hotel owners and employees should be reminded that they have a mission as non-government diplomats. 5.The quaiflications for hotel employees must be raised and they must be employed for the full vear.

羚羊角散이 鎭痙, 解熱, 鎭痛, 鎭靜 및 GABAergic system에 미치는 영향

김진희,문병순,성강경 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.2 No.1

This study has been carried out to investigate the effects of Youngyanggaksan(YGS) extrac on the anticonvulsive, antipyretic, anlgestic, sedative and GABAergic system of experimental animals. The results of this study were as follows: 1. YGS extract prolonged significantly the beginning time to convulsion and time to death induced by strychnine. 2. YGS extract prolonged significantly the time to death induced by electrical shock of ECT unit (3sec, 200F, 25mA). 3. On the experiment of hypothermic effects of YGS extract on the rectal temperature of rats, YGS extract decreased significantly the rectal temperature of rats. 4. On the experiment of antipyretic effects of YGS extract on the febrile induced by the subcutneous injection of 150 ㎍/kg emdptpxin in rats, YGS extract decreased significantly the rectal temperature of rats. 5. On the experiment of analgesic effects of YGS extract on the writing syndrome induced by intraperitoneal injection 0.7% acetic acid 1ml/100g in rats, the writing syndrome was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. 6. On the experiment of sedative effects of YGS extract on spontaneous motor activity measured by wheel cage method in mice, the spontaneous motor activity was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. 7. On the experiment of effects of YGS extract on the activity of GABA-transaminase(GABA-T) in rat brains after 21 days of oral administration of YGS extract, the activity of GABA-T was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. 8. On the experiment of effects of YGS extract on the activity concentration of GABA in rat brains after 21 days of oral administration of YGS extract, the activity concentration of GABA was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. 9. On the experiment of effects of YGS extract on the activity of GAD in rat brains after 21 days of oral administration of YGS extract, the activity of GAD was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. According to the those results, Youngyanggaksan extract reveals the effects on the anticonvulsive, antipyretic, anlgesic, sedative and GABAergic system.

膠艾四物湯 加三七根이 止血作用에 미치는 影響

金日文,宋炳基 慶熙大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

In order to observe the hemostatic effect of kyoaesamultang added Pseudoginseng Radix, the plasma prothrombin time and the blood coagulation time were measured after the oral administration of the prescriptions, such as the extract powder of kyoaesamultang: the mixture of individual extract powder of Kyoaesamultang: the extract powder of Kyoaesamultang added Pseudoginseng Radix and the mixture of individual extract powder of Kyoaesamultang added Pseudoginseng Radix, to mice and rat. The following results were obtained. 1. With the adminstration of Kyoaesamultang, the plasma prothrombin time was considered to be significant at the trial ground of the extract powder (S-Ⅰ_1) and the mixture of individual extract powder (S-Ⅰ_2) 2. With the administration of Kyoaesamultang added Pseudoginseng Radix, the plasma prothrombin time was considered to be high significant at the trial group of the extract powder (S-Ⅱ_1) and the mixture of individual extract powder (S-Ⅱ_2) 3. At the condition of hypoprothrombinemia, the plasma prothrombin time of the trial group of the extract powder of Kyoaesamultang added Pseudoginseng Radix (S-Ⅱ_1) was showed faster than the control group, and was significant from 24 hours. 4. At the condition of hypoprothrombinemia, the blood coagulation time of the trial group the extract powder of Kyoaesamultang (S-Ⅰ_1) was not appeared significant. But at the trial group of the extract powder (S-Ⅱ_1) and the mixture of individual extract powder of Kyoaesamultang added Pseudoginseng Radix (S-Ⅱ_2), the blood coagulation time was considered to be high significant.

觀光都市의 地價 및 家屋構造變化에 關한 地理學的 硏究<江陵市의 境遇>

金炳文 관동대학교 1982 關大論文集 Vol.10 No.1

The number of the area of this study can be found to increase every year. This is due to high state of economic growth, conditions of the will to visit and the development of various kinds of tourist traffics. Especially, around 1.6million sightseers per annum and about 48 hundered million Won of tourist income can be also found to depend on the reaction capacity of tourist resources in this area. And consequently such tourist industrial resources as lodgings amusement quarters can be found to increase, so that we can find the growth of the tourist city into a peculiar and functional one. In the light of the above montioned, this study aims at the changes of house-structures resulting from the fluctucting price of land and the increase of the year. The summary of the study is as follows: 1. The price of land in Kang-Reung city, in case of the area of down-town, is shown to rise four times highest especially in Ok-Chen Dong and No-Am Dong compared with the base year(1977). And yet the two Dongs can be found to be highly different in land price. 2. The average price of the area of down-town in Kang-Reung city is noticed to be around 28.3% lower than that of the areas of down-towns in 34 cities throughout the country. 3. The price of land in Kang-Reung city, in case of the residential area, is shown to rise highest in the two Dongs, Cheu Dong (14.3times) and 9ong-Chung Dong (7.5times) compared with the base year (1977). The reason is that the two Dongs are situated on the shore, with quarters for personal services having a fine view of vast East Sea. 4. Land price in Kang-Reung city can be found to bring about violent fluctuations in the area along the beach and not in the midtown area. 5. It is noticed that the average price of the residential area in this tourist city is about 20% lower than that of all the residential areas in 34 cities ghrougout the country. 6. Yearly transfiguration of building-structure is as follows: ================================================================================================ division materials uses classification of works number of year layers(floors) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ built of wood(83.4%) residence(67.9%) new buildings(90.4%) 1st floor(83.3%) 1960 shops(21.4%) warehouses(7.1%) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ built of wood(41.6%) residence(33.7%) new buildings(44.5%) 1st floor(93.0%) 1965 bricks(32.6%) shops(31.7%) extension(28.7%) blocks(22.8%) the rest(25.7%) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ built of wood(64.4%) residence(81.0%) new buildings(75.5%) 1st floor(89.4%) 1970 bricks(18.4%) shops(8.6%) extension(15.4%) 2nd floor(8.3%) blocks(12.1%) the rest(5.7%) 3rd floor(1.5%) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ built of wood(44.8%) residence(84.0%) new buildings(50.0%) 1st floor(86.7%) 1975 bricks(36.9%) shops(5.0%) rebuildings(44.3%) 2nd floor(10.4%) blocks(11.6%) metal lodging-houses 3rd floor(2.3%) reinforcement(6.1%) (3.4%) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ built of wood(6.5%) residence(81.0%) new buildings(75.5%) 1st floor(49.1%) 1980 bricks(60.3%) restaurants rebuildings(23.3%) 2nd floor(36.8%) metal reinforcement (10.6%) 3rd floor(11.3%) (23.0%) shops(10.0%) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Accordingly it can be found that in building-materials along with the increase of the year, the uses of built of wood and blocks are decreased, while uses of bricks and metal reinforcement are increased. And we can find that the increase or decrease of residence is not distinguished. And yet the tourist industry for the sightseers can be found to have been increased since the year of 1970. It can be also found that the ratio of new-buildings in the classification of works has been decreased since the year of 1970, while the ratio of rebuildings has been increased. We can also find that the high-storied trend of buildings has appeared since the year of 1970.

變形된 쉘 要素를 이용한 板 및 쉘構造의 彈塑性 挫屈解析

김문영,민병철 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1994 論文集 Vol.45 No.2

For the post-buckling and elasto-plastic analysis of plates and shells, the total Lagrangian formulation based upon the degenerated shell element is presented. In the calculation of the tangent stiffness matrix of the shell element, shear deformation effects due to shear forces and elastoplastic behaviors are considered and the selective or reduced integration scheme with an attempt to overcome shear locking phenomena is applied. For geometric non-linear analysis including bifurcation branching points, snap-through and turning-back behaviors, the automatic load/displacement incremental method is adopted. Based on such methodology and algorithm the computer program which can trace post-buckling and elastoplastic behaviors is developed and numerical examples for non-linear behaviors of plates and shells are presented.

局部挫屈 및 彈塑性擧動을 考慮한 空間트러스의 幾何學的인 非線形 有限要素解析

김문영,민병철 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1993 論文集 Vol.44 No.2

本 硏究에서는 空間트러스 構造의 幾何學的 非線形 및 材料非線形 擧動을 解析하기 위한 有限要素法을 提示한다. 이를 위하여, 트러스部材, 大變形, 部材 局部挫屈 그리고 彈塑性擧動을 考慮하는 彈性 및 幾何學的인 剛度매트릭스를 誘導하고, 不平衡荷重 算定方法을 取扱한다. 또한 트러스 構造의 極限擧動解析, 後挫屈解析을 수행하기 위하여 變位 및 荷重 增分法을 適用한다. 局部挫屈, 彈塑性 擧動을 보이는 트러스 構造를 解析하여 文獻의 결과와 比較 檢討 함으로써 提示된 理論의 妥當性을 檢證한다. A simple and useful expression for the tangent stiffness matrix of a truss undergoing arbitrary large deformation, member local buckling and elastoplastic behavior is given. In elastoplastic analysis, the isotropic and kinematic hardening models are applied. An load/displacement incremental algorithm is used to solve the incremental equilibrium equations in the post-buckling range of the truss structure. Numerical examples to illustrate the validity of the present approach in analyzing truss structures. efficiently and accurately, are given and discussed.

가동보 설치에 따른 하상변동 예측에 관한 연구

김운중,문수회,김영균,민병무 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 2007 建設技術硏究 Vol.27 No.1

To estimate the change of riverbed geography by the operation of movable weir, two-dimensional RMA-2 and SED-2D were used in this study. Hydraulic elements like flowrate or depth were simulated by RMA-2 and the change of riverbed geography according to sediment transport was simulated by SED-2D. Suktop stream was chosen as a project river for the simulation. Under the condition of 50-year rainfall frequency, the estimated flood of Suktop was 123cms. At the points of movable weir the simulation results showed that the difference of high water level from the result of HEC-RAS was less than 0.64m. And the difference of water velocity was less than 0.21m/sec. Based on the sediment simulation by SED-2D, predicted riverbed elevation was 29.70-30.22m at the point of ST1 and 28.26~28.82m at the point of ST2. Measured riverbed elevation was 29.70-30.16m, 28.28-28.69m, respectively. So, the predicted elevations are closely similar to the measured elevation. At the point of ST1, sediment transport simulation results showed that erosion of riverbed was predicted by the operation of movable weir. This erosion was ranged up to 200m upstream and the riverbed would be eroded away as much as 0.07m for one year. At the point of ST2, upstream of movable weir would be eroded and the erosion depth was estimated 0.261m. The erosion was higher at the point of movable weir and the erosion depth was estimated 0.310m. But the sediment would be deposit downstream of the movable weir. SED-2D followed by RMA-2 is well applicable to the stream which has movable weirs and can estimate not only hydraulic parameters such as flowrate or depth but also riverbed elevation change caused by erosion or deposit of fluvial sediment.

프로폴리스 농도가 항균활성에 미치는 영향

김병문,송근호,이광래 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2007 産業技術硏究 Vol.27 No.B

The objetives of this study are to set up optimum extraction temperature, time and organic solvent for propolis extraction, to investigate chemical properties, and to develop health foods from propolis preparation. In this study, ethanol and ultrasonic extracts method performed to optimum extraction temperature was at 60, 2012, optimum extraction time was at 12, 4 hours and optimum extraction amount of solvent was at 20, 15 times of propolis weight. When various ethanol solutions were used, whereas flavonoid content was highest in 70, 80% aqueous ethanol, respectively. So the ultrasonic extracts method used gave better results than the ethanol extracts method in this work. Extraction of propolis with etanol and ultrasonic extracts method was performed by using the water and various concentrations of aqueous ethanol as solvent. Sensidvity of propolis samples to Staphylococcus aureus was invesdgated and the results were shown. Samples of water extract did not inhibit microbial growth, where as 50% aqueous ethanol extract the largest inhibitory zone for Staphylococcus aureus, then decreased inhibition with increasing ethanol concentrations.

Haloperidol, Lithium 및 Amitriptyline이 인체에서 HLA type에 미치는 영향에 대한 예비연구 : in vivo

김문두,강병조,정성훈 대한생물치료정신의학회 1996 생물치료정신의학 Vol.2 No.1

저자는 정신분열증 환자, 주요우울장애 환자, 양극성장애 환자들의 치료에 사용되는 haloperidol, amitriptyline 및 lithium이 이런 환자들에서 HLA type에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 알아보고자 본연구를 시험하였다. 향정신성 약물을 사용한 경험이 없는 환자 4명을 대상으로하여, 약물을 투여하기 전에 말초 혈액을 채혈하여 HLA 항원형을 결정하였고, 상기의 약물을 2개월 이상 치료용량으로 사용한 후 다시 HLA 항원형을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. haloperidol에서는 약물투여전과 약물투여후의 HLA항원형의 변화가 없었다. lithium에서는 HLA B60, HLA Cwl 항원이 소실되었다. amitriptyline에서는 HLA B55 항원이 소실되었고, HLA B75 항원이 발현되었다. 이상의 결과는 인체에서도 amitriptyline 및 lithium이 치료적 용량으로 충분히 사용한 이후 HLA 항원형에 변화를 가져올 수 있다는 것을 알수 있었다. To examine the effects of haloperidol, amitnptyline and lithium on HLA type in vivo, the author conducted microlymphocytotoxicity test on lymphocytes drawn from 4 psychiatric disordered patients, including 2 schizophrenic patients, 1 bipolar disordered patient and 1 major depressive disordered patient before administration of haloperidol, lithium and amitriptyline. After 2 months later, drug therapy was done sufficiently, we reexamine the HLA type on lymphocytes drawn from same patients. The results were as follows : 1) There is no significant changes on HLA type before and after 2 months long halopendol therapy in 2 schizophrenic patients. 2) It was shown that the disappearance of HLA B60 and HLA Cw1 antigen after 2 months long lithium therapy in l bipolar I disordered patient. 3) It was shown that the revelation of HLA B75 antigen and the disappearance of HLA B55 antigen after 2 months long amitriptyline therapy in 1 ma]or depressive disordered patient From the results of present study, we may draw a conclusion that the lithium and amitriptyline therapy cause a revelation of new HLA type and loss of some existed HLA antigens so that these drugs have an effect on HLA typing in vivo experiment.