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Kiew, Peck Loo,Mashitah, Mat Don,Ahmad, Zainal The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.1
The empirical kinetic models for the pepsin soluble collagen extraction from the skin of cultured hybrid catfish (Claris sp.) were studied using four two-parametric models, namely the power law, parabolic diffusion, Peleg's and Elovich's models. The Peleg's model was found to be the best model capable of predicting the extraction data with $R^2$ >0.9, p-value >2.0%, and RMSD <10.0%, respectively. Kinetic models based on the second order rate equation were successfully developed to describe the extraction processes with different processing variables. Extraction rate constant, initial extraction rate and equilibrium concentrations for different acetic acid concentrations, liquid to solid ratios, and pepsin dosages were predicted. The verification of the developed models showed that the experimental values agreed with the predicted ones, with percentage error differences in the range of 0.03-3.91%.
Isolation and Characterization of Collagen from the Skin of Malaysian catfish (Hybrid Clarias sp.)
Kiew, Peck Loo,Mashitah, Mat Don 한국응용생명화학회 2013 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.56 No.4
Acid soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin soluble collagen (PSC) were isolated from the skin of hybrid Clarias sp. with the yields of $18.11{\pm}0.32$ and $26.69{\pm}0.54%$ (wet weight basis), respectively. Both collagens were characterized as type I collagen, containing ${\alpha}1$ and ${\alpha}2$ chains. Presence of high molecular weight crosslinks were observed in the gel electrophoresis of both collagens. Fourier transform infrared spectra of both collagens were almost similar, suggesting that pepsin hydrolysis did not disrupt the triple helical structure. The amino acid analysis showed glycine was the most abundant, with 207/1000 and 223/1000 residues present in ASC and PSC, respectively. The amounts of imino acids were 185/1000 residues for both. Thermal denaturation temperatures were determined to be 31.5 and $31.0^{\circ}C$, respectively. Both collagens exhibited high solubility in acidic pH (1-5) and below 4% (w/v) NaCl concentration.
Kiew-Ling Hii,Swee-Pin Yeap,Mat Don Mashitah 한국응용생명화학회 2012 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.55 No.4
Organosolvents such as methanol, ethanol, propanol,ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and glycerol, representing alcohols of different physical and chemical properties, were used to pre-treat the pressed pericarp fiber (PPF) to improve its susceptibility towards enzymatic hydrolysis. Experimental studies were carried out with 5 g of PPF, treated with 65% (w/w) alcohol solution, at high temperature (180oC) and pressure (10 bar N2). The performance of different alcohols pretreatment on PPF varied in term of lignin removal (% w/w), cellulose retained (% w/w),and hydrolysis (% w/w). Pretreatment with aliphatic propanol showed the highest lignin removal (53.18%) from PPF, leaving more accessible cellulose; followed by ethanol (48.18%), methanol (44.55%), polyethylene glycol (43.18%), ethylene glycol (40%),glycerol (25.46%), and water (18.18%). Generally, these results were in accordance to Hildebrand solubility parameters, in which the solubility of lignin in solvents increased when the Hildebrand parameter of solvent neared to the value of eleven. Propanoltreated-PPF also showed the highest hydrolysis (46.16%), which was confirmed by the release of more accessible cellulose after the pretreatment.
Molecular Characterization of tgd057, a Novel Gene from Toxoplasma gondii
( Kiew Lian Wan ),( Ti Ling Chang ),( James W. Ajioka ) 생화학분자생물학회 2004 BMB Reports Vol.37 No.4
The expressed sequence tag (EST) effort in Toxoplasma gondii has generated a substantial amount of gene information. To exploit this valuable resource, we chose to study tgdO57, a novel gene identified by a large number of ESTs that otherwise show no significant match to known sequences in the database. Northern analysis showed that tgdO57 is transcribed in this tachyzoite. The complete cDNA sequence of tgdO57 is 1169 bp in length. Sequence analysis revealed that tgdO57 possibly adopts two polyadenylation sites, utilizes the fourth in-frame ATG for translation initiation, and codes for a secretory protein. The longest open reading frame for the tgdO57 gene was cloned and expressed as a recombinant protein (rd57) in Escherichia coli. Western analysis revealed that serum against rd57 recognized a molecule of -21 kDa in the tachyzoite protein extract. This suggests that the tgdO57 gene is expressed in vivo in the parasite.
Hii, Kiew-Ling,Yeap, Swee-Pin,Mashitah, Mat Don The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2012 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.55 No.4
Organosolvents such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and glycerol, representing alcohols of different physical and chemical properties, were used to pre-treat the pressed pericarp fiber (PPF) to improve its susceptibility towards enzymatic hydrolysis. Experimental studies were carried out with 5 g of PPF, treated with 65% (w/w) alcohol solution, at high temperature ($180^{\circ}C$) and pressure (10 bar $N_2$). The performance of different alcohols pretreatment on PPF varied in term of lignin removal (% w/w), cellulose retained (% w/w), and hydrolysis (% w/w). Pretreatment with aliphatic propanol showed the highest lignin removal (53.18%) from PPF, leaving more accessible cellulose; followed by ethanol (48.18%), methanol (44.55%), polyethylene glycol (43.18%), ethylene glycol (40%), glycerol (25.46%), and water (18.18%). Generally, these results were in accordance to Hildebrand solubility parameters, in which the solubility of lignin in solvents increased when the Hildebrand parameter of solvent neared to the value of eleven. Propanol-treated-PPF also showed the highest hydrolysis (46.16%), which was confirmed by the release of more accessible cellulose after the pretreatment.
Molecular Characterization of tgd057, a Novel Gene from Toxoplasma gondii
Wan, Kiew-Lian,Chang, Ti-Ling,Ajioka, James W. Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2004 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.37 No.4
The expressed sequence tag (EST) effort in Toxoplasma gondii has generated a substantial amount of gene information. To exploit this valuable resource, we chose to study tgd057, a novel gene identified by a large number of ESTs that otherwise show no significant match to known sequences in the database. Northern analysis showed that tgd057 is transcribed in this tachyzoite. The complete cDNA sequence of tgd057 is 1169 bp in length. Sequence analysis revealed that tgd057 possibly adopts two polyadenylation sites, utilizes the fourth in-frame ATG for translation initiation, and codes for a secretory protein. The longest open reading frame for the tgd057 gene was cloned and expressed as a recombinant protein (rd57) in Escherichia coli. Western analysis revealed that serum against rd57 recognized a molecule of ~21 kDa in the tachyzoite protein extract. This suggests that the tgd057 gene is expressed in vivo in the parasite.