Development of Bovine Specific Leptin Radioimmunoassay and Relationship of Plasma Leptin with Vitamin A and Age of Wagyu

Yang, S.H.,Kawachi, H.,Khan, M.A.,Lee, S.Y.,Kim, H.S.,Ha, Jong K.,Lee, W.S.,Lee, H.J.,Ki, K.S.,Kim, S.B.,Sakaguchi, S.,Maruyama, S.,Yano, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.9

Leptin is produced by adipocytes and its role in the regulation of lipid metabolism, feed intake, productive and reproductive performance of domestic animal species has been greatly stressed and extensively investigated in recent years. This study was conducted to develop a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the estimation of plasma bovine leptin and to determine plasma leptin concentration in fattening Japanese Black cattle (Wagyu) and its crossbreds at commercial farms. Relationships of plasma leptin with plasma vitamin A and age of crossbred cattle were also determined. Recombinant bovine leptin (rbleptin) was produced by the E. coli overexpressed leptin as a GST (glutathione S-transferase)-fusion protein. Then antiserum against bovine leptin was obtained by its immunization in rabbits. Using this antiserum, a bovine specific RIA was developed and plasma leptin level was determined in 120 crossbred fattening cattle (WagyuHolstein, 50:50) at commercial farms. The plasma leptin level increased with the age of cattle and its level was greater in the crossbred heifers than in the steers. Plasma vitamin A level was negatively correlated with plasma leptin level in crossbred heifers and steers. This relationship was stronger in heifers than in steers. Plasma leptin was gradually increased with advancing age in fattening Wagyu cattle. In conclusion, development of a bovine specific RIA to estimate plasma leptin will contribute to better understanding of the role of leptin in cattle.

국내 TMR의 입자도에 관한 조사 연구

기광석,김현섭,정하연,이현준,안병석,김준식,강수원,김용국,하종규 한국동물자원과학회 2003 한국축산학회지 Vol.45 No.5

This study was carried out to survey operation system of self-making TMR and particle size of self-making and commercial TMR, then to compare TMR particle size recommended by Penn State particle Size Separator. Daily mixing time in self-making TMR averaged 48.6±28.0min, 2 angar type of mixer was most by 55.5% and daily 2 times of mixing in summer and other season was 44.4 and 22.2%, respectively. Percentage of residual feed in upper sieve(19㎜ diameter), middle sieve(8 ti 18㎜ diameter) and lower pen was 21.5~25.6%, 16.0~25.8%, 52.8~61.4%, respectively, at self-making TMR mixer. Percentage of particle sizes of more than 19㎜ in self-making and commercial TMR was 24.9±1.4 and 26.2±1.7%, that of 8-10㎜ 22.8±1.0 and 12.8±1.2 and that of less than 8㎜ 52.3±1.7 and 61.0±1.5, respectively, which in particle length of 8~13㎜ in self-making and commercial TMR was lower by 82.6 and 100% compared to that recommended by Penn State particle separator, respectively. Especially there was not particle length of more than 19㎜ in commercial TMR at all. It is necessary to check the number of cows ruminating in a farm in order to estimate the particle size of TMR; it is recommended to change the TMR mixing time or the TMR formulae if the proportion of ruminating cows in a farm is less than 40%.

육성비육 거세한우에 대한 점토광물 급여가 성장 및 도체특성에 미치는 영향

강수원,김준식,조원모,안병석,기광석,손용석 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of domestic clay minerals on feed efficiency, meat quantity, meat quality and economic traits in 24 head of Hanwoo steers(166.1㎏ in body weight) for 540 days from six to 24 months in age. Feeding trial was conducted with 4 treatment(six heads/treatment) which were T1(Control), T2(Control+Kaolinite), T3(Control+Bentonite), T4(Control+Illite). The results obtained are summarized as follows; The range of average daily gains were 0.682 to 0.713, 0.669 to 0.714, 0.690 to 0.840 and 0.699 to 0.756㎏ in growing, fattening, finishing and over-all period, respectively, and the gains were high in T1 for growing and fattening period but in clay mineral groups for finishing and over-all period, especially it was high in Illite and Bentonite groups. Concentrates and TDN intakes per unit of ㎏ gains were lower in clay mineral groups than in control and was lower especially in Bentonite groups. In carcass characteristics, dressed carcass and fresh meat and retailed cut percent were not apparently difference by treatments, and yield index was 69.3, 68.9, 68.8 and 68.6 in T3, T2, T4 and T1, respectively. Marbling scores were 5.1, 4.6, 4.4 and 3.3 in T3, T2, T4 and T1, respectively, and the range of shear force by treatment was from 3.51 to 6.02㎏/㎠, and were improved with significant difference(P<0.05) in clay mineral groups than in control. Also in palatability traits, panel test scores of juiciness, tenderness and flavor were improved in clay mineral feeding groups, especially the flavor was improved with highly significant difference (P<0.01) in clay mineral groups than in control. In total fatty acid contents, the rate of SFA(saturated fatty acid) in longissimus muscle of beef was higher in the order of T2, T3, T1 and T4 while the rate of MUFA(monounsaturated fatty acid) was high in the order of T4, T3, T1 and T2. The contents of oleic acid which is major influential factor at the flavor of beef was higher in Illite groups than in any other groups. In composition of amino acids in longissimus muscles of beef, the rate of essential amino acids was high in the order of T1, T2, T3 and T4, and the rate of amino acids in clay mineral groups was smaller than in control. In chemical component in Gom-Tang(soup of bone) made by Hanwoo steer's leg-bone, the ranges of crude protein, ether extract, and crude ash was 0.81 to 1.24, 0.17 to 0.35 and 0.07 to 0.09%, respectively. In mineral composition, the ranges of Ca, P, Na, and Mg was 14.01 to 15.77, 11.45 to 16.40, 39.72 to 49.99 and 0.26 to 0.46ppm, respectively. Chemical composition were not apparently different but mineral composition was increased in clay mineral groups than in control. Income by treatments was 967,096 to 1,524,055 Won per head for 540 days and income of clay mineral groups in comparison with control's increased by 23.7 to 57.6 percent, and especially it was higher in bentonite and(or) Illite groups than others. According to the above results it may be concluded that clay mineral to growing-fattening Hanwoo steers can be improved the meat quantity, meat quality and income. Especially the effect of bentonite and illite is large and can be recommended for usage to improve animal performance as feed additives of growing-fattening Hanwoo steers.

[BOOKS] Form and Tradition in Drama

Y? S?K-KI(서평자) The Academy of Korean Studies 1974 Korea Journal Vol.14 No.6

Urokinase loading Dose와 Maintenance Dose를 위한 연구

홍세용,양동호,신현길,김순길,오도연,김기용,기은경,정광회,신상구 대한내과학회 1992 대한내과학회지 Vol.42 No.1

저자들은 two chain urokinase의 loading dose 및 maintenance dose를 결정하기 위하여 성인 뇌졸중 환자 6예를 대상으로 urokinase 300,000units를 주입하고(Ⅳ boluse), 60분간 혈중 urokinase의 변동을 관찰하여 two compartment model을 이용한 pharmacokinetic study를 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 체중의 55~65㎏ 정도이고 간 기능이 정상인 한국인 성인에서 urokinase의 Vc(central compartment volume)은 4.56L 이었고 반감기는 distribution phase에서 2.3분, elimination phase에서 33.1분이었다. Total boidy clearance(CL)은 244/min이었고 area under the concentration time curve(AUC)는 1,349units/㎖.min이었다. 이를 근거로 하였을때 시험관에서 free form plasmin을 유리하는 urokinase의 최소 농도인 10units를 maintenance dose로 시간당 146,400units를 주입하는 것이 적절한 것으로 판단되었으며 이는 외국 성서에서 추천하는 시간당 4,400units/㎏(60㎏×4,400=264,00units)에 비하여 약 절반 정도에 해당하는 양이다. 이렇게 차이가 나는 이유는 명확하지 않으나 본 연구에서 desired concentration으로 사용한 10units/㎖은 소위 therapeutic window의 lower margin에 해당되기 때문일 것으로 생각되며 therapeutic window의 upper magrin을 규명하기 위한 연구가 뒤따라야 할 것으로 사료된다. A Pharmacokinetic study was performed .for two-chain UK(M.W.53,000) in 6 Korean adults with body weight between 55~65㎏ Following intravenous administration of 300,000 units of UK, concentration declined rapidly. The half life showed two-compartment disposition with mean initial and terminal half-lives of 2.3 and 33.1 minutes. Total body clearance was about 244㎖/min and the steady state volume of distribution (Vdss) was 9.46L. In conjunction with our previous finding that free form plasmin begin to form at a urokinase concentration of 5~10units/㎖, our results suggests that the loading dose and maintenance dose of urokinase during systemic intravenous administration should be about 45, 610unit and 146,400unit/hr in a Korean adult.

라온 극저온제어시스템 기반설비와 제어화면 구축 현황

윤성운(S. YOON),이상일(S. LEE),박미정(M. J. PARK),손창욱(C. W. SOHN),최용준(Y. CHOI),유정현(J. YOO),Lingxue JIN,김무상(M. KIM),김도균(D. KIM),기태경(T. KI),서미경(M. K. SEO),진민성(M. S. JIN) 대한기계학회 2022 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2022 No.11

RAON, a heavy ion superconducting linear accelerator has been installed in Daejeon, S. Korea. A cryogenic system, which was installed and tested its performance cool the accelerator down until 269 K. The system consists of a lot of components, cryogenic plants, a distribution box, cryogenic distribution lines, cryomodules and valve boxes. A cryogenic control system which is complicated and integrated by EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System) is developed and the graphic user interface which is designed by CS-studio (Control System-studio) is developed. They were verified during the accelerator cool-down but they need some modification based on the cool-down operation. This paper summarizes the RAON cryogenic system infrastructure and graphic user interfaces.

라온 극저온제어시스템 기반설비와 제어화면 구축 현황

윤성운(S. YOON),이상일(S. LEE),박미정(M. J. PARK),손창욱(C. W. SOHN),최용준(Y. CHOI),유정현(J. YOO),Lingxue JIN,김무상(M. KIM),김도균(D. KIM),기태경(T. KI),서미경(M. K. SEO),진민성(M. S. JIN) 대한기계학회 2022 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2022 No.11

RAON, a heavy ion superconducting linear accelerator has been installed in Daejeon, S. Korea. A cryogenic system, which was installed and tested its performance cool the accelerator down until 269 K. The system consists of a lot of components, cryogenic plants, a distribution box, cryogenic distribution lines, cryomodules and valve boxes. A cryogenic control system which is complicated and integrated by EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System) is developed and the graphic user interface which is designed by CS-studio (Control System-studio) is developed. They were verified during the accelerator cool-down but they need some modification based on the cool-down operation. This paper summarizes the RAON cryogenic system infrastructure and graphic user interfaces.

전환기 젖소의 사료첨가제 급여가 사료섭취량, 산유량 및 대사성장애 발생에 미치는 영향

김현섭,이현준,기광석,조용민,안병석,이성실,정하연 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.5

본 연구는 분만전후 40두의 젖소에 무첨가, Aspergillus oryzae(T2), Saccharomyces cerevisiae 혼합제(T3) 및 효소분비촉진제(T4) 급여시 사료섭취량, 산유량 혈중대사물질 및 대사성 질병에 발생에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 완전임의배치법 10반복으로 수행하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 분만전 건물섭취량은 처리간에 별 차이가 없었지만 분만일과 분만후 3주 동안에는 Aspergillus oryzae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 혼합계 및 효소분비촉진제를 급여했을 때가 대조구보다 다소 많았다. 산유량은 사료첨가제를 급여한 구가 무첨가구보다 더 높았으며 특히 효소분비촉진제에서 산유량이 가장 높았다. 혈중 글루코스 및 NEFA 함량은 분만전에는 처리간에 큰 차이가 없었지만 분만일과 분만후 1, 2 및 3일에는 사료첨가제 급여구에서 대조구보다 혈중 글루코스 함량은 더 높고 반면에 NEFA 함량은 더 낮았다. 혈중 Ca 수준은 시험기간동안 처리간에 차이가 없었다. 대사성질병 발생은 대조구에서만 케토시스 1두 발생하였으며, 후산증체는 효소분비 촉진제구는 전혀 발생하지 않았으나 다른 구에서는 공히 2두가 발생하였다. 자궁 내막염은 T2구에서 1두 발생하였다. 결론적으로 전환기 젖소에 사료첨가제를 급여하면 사료섭취량 및 산유량 증가와 더불어 대사성질병 발생이 저하될 것으로 사료된다. The objective of this study was to evaluate a feed additives used mainly in lactating cow diets in transient pregrent cow diet. The study was conducted as a completely randomized design with forty Holstein pregnant cows to determine the effect of feeding Aspergillus oryzae(T2), Saccharomyces cerevisiae mixture(T3) and enzyme(cellulase, xylnase) - releasing chemicals(ERC) (T4) on the dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition and metabolic disorders. Dry matter intake was similar among treatments for 3 weeks prepartum but cows fed enzyme tended to increased feed intake compared to no additives treatment both in calving day and for 3 weeks postpartum. Cows fed Aspergillus oryzae. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and ERC produced more milk than those fed no additives. However, there is no significant difference among treatments. Concentration of glucose was not significantly different among treatment prepartum but that in plasma of cows fed ERC was higher at calving and 3 weeks postpartum compared to others. Increase in NEFA began at 3 weeks prepartum and accelerate during the final 7 days before calving at all treatments but lower for ERC-treated cows at calving and 3 weeks postpartum. Ca concentration not different among treatment prepartum and postpartum. Corticoid content decreased significantly for cows fed ERC compared to those fed non-additives. Metabolic disorder was not occurred in cows fed ERC. However, ketosis and displased abomasum were happened 1 cow when fed non-additives, metritis 1 cow when fed Aspergillus oryzae and retained placenta 1 cow in all treatments except cows fed ERC.

육성비육 거세한우에 대한 황토 급여가 성장 및 도체특성에 미치는 효과

김준식,강수원,조원모,정하연,기광석,최성복 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.3

육성비육우에 대한 황토급여 효과 규명을 위하여 거세한우 송아지 10두(평균체중 : 144.7㎏)를 대상으로 황토급여 유무에 따른 2개 처리(T1 : 황토 무급여, T2 : 황토 자유채식) 와 황토급여 수준에 따른 4개 처리(T3 : 황토무급여, T4 : 황토 2% 첨가, T5 : 황토 5% 첨가, T6 : 황토 자유채식)를 두어 6개월령부터 24개월령까지 540일간 사양시험을 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 시험 1에서, 일당증체량은 육성기 및 비육후기에는 황토 무급여구가, 비육전기에는 황토 자유채식구가 우수하였으나 전기간 동안에는 황토급여 유무에 따른 차이가 없었고, 1㎏ 증체당 소요된 농후사료 및 TDN량도 황토급여 유무에 따른 뚜렷한 차이는 없었다. 도체조사 결과, 도체율, 정육율 및 거래정육율은 황토급여 유무에 따른 뚜렷한 차이가 없었으나 육량지수, 전단력 및 관능검사의 각 항목 등은 황토급여시 개선되는 경향이었다. 그 밖에 경제성분석결과 처리구별 소득은 처리구간에 따른 뚜렷한 차이는 없었다. 시험 2에서, 일당증체량은 육성기에는 황토 무급여구가, 비육전기에는 황토 5%구가 그리고 비육후기에는 황토 자유채식구가 우수하였으나 전기간에는 황토급여 수준에 따른 뚜렷한 차이가 없었으나 1㎏ 증체당 소요된 농후사료 및 TDN량 관행사육구에 비해 황토 급여구에서 각각 4.5∼8.3% 및 1.2∼1.6% 적게 소요되었다. 도체조사 결과 등지방두께, 배최장근단면적 및 육량지수는 황토급여 수준에 따른 뚜렷한 차이가 없었지만, 근내지방도는 황토 5% 및 자유채식구에서 높은 것으로 나타났고, 황토를 자유채식시 관행사육에 비해 소득이 15.5% 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상과 같은 결과를 요약해 볼 때 거세한우비육우에 대해 가공하지 않은 황토 급여시 육량 및 사료이용성에는 뚜렷한 효과가 없는 반면 육질개선에는 다소 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 황토급여시에는 비육후기에 자유채식의 형태로 급여하되, 이용성 증대를 위해 미세입자로 하거나 지장수 형태로 급여하는 것이 바람직 할 것으로 판단된다. This study was conducted to examine the effects of Red clay(Hwangto) as feed additives with 26 Hanwoo steers at two regions for 540 days from six to 24 months of age on feed efficiency, meat quantity and meat quality. Feeding trial 1 was conducted with two treatment groups by five heads/treatment which were T1(Control) and T2(Control+ad libitum Hwangto) at National Livestock Research Institute. Feeding trial 2 was conducted with four treatment groups by four heads/treatment which were T1(Control) and T2(Control+2% Hwangto), T3(Control+5% Hwangto) and T4(Control+ad libitum Hwangto) at a private Hanwoo breeding farm. In feeding trial 1, average daily gains by growing, fattening, finishing and over-all periods were 0.572, 0.866, 0.869 and 0.769㎏ in T1, and 0.537, 0.904, 0.857 and 0.766㎏ in T2, respectively. Average daily gain for growing and finishing period was high in T1 but in T2 for fattening period, which were not statistically significant. Also concentrates and TDN intakes per ㎏ gains were not statistically significant by treatments. In carcass characteristic, dressed carcass and red meat percentage were high in T1 but in T2 for retailed cut percentage without significant difference. The yield index and shear force was 69 and 70, 4.4 and 6.1 ㎏/㎠ in T1 and T2, respectively. In palatability traits, the panel test scores of juiciness, tenderness and flavor were 4.08 and 4.64, 3.42 and 3.96, 4.58 and 4.80 in T1 and T2, respectively, which showed a tendency to improvement in Hwangto feeding groups. In feeding trial 2, the range of average daily gains were 0.656(T6) to 0.772(T3), 0.937(T6) to 1.009(T5), 0.592(T3) to 0.675㎏(T6) in growing, fattening and finishing period, respectively. Although it was high in T3, T5 and T6 at growing, fattening and finishing period, respectively, it was not significantly different by treatments. The ranges of concentrates and TDN intakes per ㎏ gains were 8.71 to 9.50(average 9.05) and 7.52 to 7.64㎏(average 7.55㎏), they all were lower in Hwangto feeding groups than in control about 4.5 to 8.3% and 1.2 to 1.6%, respectively. In carcass characteristics, back-fat thickness, loin eye muscle area and yield index were not difference by treatments, but marbling scores were high in T5 and T6 than in T3. Income was ranked in the order of T6, T5, T3 and T4. Income of T6 was higher than T3 by 15.5 percent. Summarizing above results, it may be concluded that the use of unprocessed Hwangto as feed additives for growing-fattening steers seems to improve meat quality but not red meat quantity and feed efficiency, and may be required to feed ad libitum during the fisishing period.

Holstein 종 젖소 초산우의 최고 비유량 및 비유 지속성에 미치는 환경효과 추정

안병석,김준식,최성복,최유림,정하연,권응기,박성재,기광석 한국동물자원과학회 2000 한국축산학회지 Vol.42 No.5

This study was carried out to estimate environmental effects such as calving season, calving year on peak milk yield, days in milk at peak production(PKD), drying-off milk yield on 305-day, 305D milk yield, and persistency. The data used in this study were milk yield records from first freshened Holstein cows(187 heads) bred in National Livestock Research Institute from 1990 to 1996. Calving season, sire and calving year didn't affect days in milk at peak(PKD). But peak milk yield(PKM) was significantly affected by calving season(p$lt;.01) and calving year(p$lt;.05). Calving season, sire and calving year significantly affected the drying-off milk yield at 305D(DRYM) related to persistency(p$lt;.05). The PKD was 58.2±23.2day, peak milk yield was 26.2±3.9㎏ and drying-off milk yield on 305-day was 15.7±3.5㎏. The persistency showed 60.3 13.8%, and the phenotypic correlations of persistency between PKD and DRYM was positive.