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CONCEPT AND MANAGEMENT OF ISTISQĀ' (OEDEMA) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
Khan, Khalid Ali,Zakir, Mohammad,Khan, Shahid Ali,Khan, Rashid Ali Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2021 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.11 No.1
Ascites is the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, and it is generally allied with liver disease like cirrhosis of the liver. The ascites is commonly associated with liver cirrhosis, malignancy, or cardiovascular disease today. The liver cirrhosis is the most significant cause of ascites in developed countries as per the available data. In the modern medicine system, the treatment includes the restriction of sodium intake, use of diuretics, and paracentesis done in severe cases. There are many side effects of synthetic chemical diuretics, and their long-term use is not recommended. The alternative medicine like Unani system of medicine provides natural diuretics and drugs which also have protective effects on kidney, liver and other internal organs. It is well known in all drug systems that the prognosis is poor in ascites, but the use of Unani herbal medicines can minimize the side effects caused by synthetic chemical diuretics. The natural herbs used for the management of ascites have fewer side effects as compared to synthetic drugs. The natural drugs can be used for longer duration and provide some dietary supplement which improves the quality of life. This review addressed the thorough treatment of ascites by natural diet and medications.
MANAGEMENT OF HASĀH WA RAML AL-KULYA (NEPHROLITHIASIS) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE: A REVIEW
Khan, Khalid Ali,Khan, Rashid Ali,Zakir, Mohammad Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2020 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.10 No.3
The kidneys are exposed to toxicants and waste product and can be affected easily by these toxicants and by products of the metabolism. The consumption of adequate water is necessary to remove waste and to keep kidney healthy. Deficiency of liquid in the blood leads to various adverse effects on the kidney. The most common adverse deficiency of liquid in blood is deposition of solid matter in the kidney and subsequently formation of kidney stone. Nephrolithiasis (kidney stone) can be treated by drugs if it is small in size but if it blocks the route due to its big size then surgery is the only way to remove it. The recurrence rate of the problem is very high and it may reappear within 10 years. In Unani literature Hasāh wa Raml al-Kulya (nephrolithiasis) is described in detail. As per Unani literature stagnation of Ghalīz mādda (filthy and viscous matter) in the kidney is the main cause of the formation of kidney stone. Various single and compound formulations drugs are described for the management of kidney stone which are very effective as well as safe. Management is divided into two parts i.e. symptomatic treatment to relieve pain and to methods adopted to remove stone from the kidney. Musakkin-i-Waja'(analgesic) drugs are used for pain while Mufattit-i-Hasāh (lithotriptic) and Mudirr-i-Bawl (Diuretic) drugs are used to remove stone. Majoon Aqrab, Qurs Kaknaj and Dawa-e-Gurda etc. are compound drugs mentioned in literature for removal of kidney stone. Single drugs like Alu Balu, Tukhm Khayar, and Kharkhask etc. are also used for same purpose.
Ahmad Nawaz,Habib Ali,Muhammad Sufyan,Muhammad Dildar Gogi,Muhammad Jalal Arif,Abid Ali,Muhammad Qasim,Waqar Islam,Noman Ali,Imran Bodla,Madiha Zaynab,Khalid Ali Khan,Hamed A. Ghramh 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.1
The lepidopteran insect pests have significant importance in vegetable production. The present study was performed to investigate the baseline studies about the assessment of feeding and consumption potential, utilization indices and losses promises of leafworm, Spodoptera litura (Fab.) on Okra. The data regarding feeding potential, food utilization and consumption indices as well as losses of different larval instars were recorded and subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. The results showed that, in the beginning, the approximate digestibility of various instars was increase, e.g. third instar (51.36%–64.03%), fourth instar (63.42%–69.45%) and fifth instar (70.25%–76.10%). However, after a certain period, the digestibility was decreased and efficiency to convert the ingested food into biomass varied significantly. The consumption index values increased with an increase in time but the consumption and growth rate was declined of fourth instar larvae. The ingestion and digestion increased of third (10.01–13.06, 8.32–11.91 mg), fourth (11.27–17.28, 10.96–14.03 mg) and fifth (12.60–19.40, 11.93–15.28 mg) larval instars. The corrected weight of consumed leaves increased with a gain in body weight. However, in the third instar, a decline was observed on the last day of feeding. Maximum leaf area was consumed by fifth instar larvae (44.66 cm 2 ) followed by fourth (35.41 cm 2 ) and third (27.98 cm 2 ) instars. In conclusion, all the dependent parameters, including food utilization potential, consumption indices and losses were higher for fifth instar larvae than others. These results emphasized the re-establishment of fundamental (economic threshold level: ETL, economic injury level: EIL) integrated pest management concepts.
Khan, Iftikhar Ali,Akhtar, Khalid Pervaiz,Akbar, Fazal,Hassan, Ishtiaq,Amin, Imran,Saeed, Muhammad,Mansoor, Shahid The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.1
Cotton leaf curl is devastating disease of cotton characterized by leaf curling, vein darkening and enations. The disease symptoms are induced by DNA satellite known as Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB), dominant betasatellite in cotton but another betasatellite known as Chili leaf curl betasatellite (ChLCB) is also found associated with the disease. Grafting experiment was performed to determine if host plant resistance is determinant of dominant population of betasatellite in cotton (several distinct strains of CLCuMuB are associated with the disease). Infected scion of Gossypium hirsutum collected from field (the source) was grafted on G. arboreum, a diploid cotton species, resistant to the disease. A healthy scion of G. hirsutum (sink) was grafted at the top of G. arboreum to determine the movement of virus/betasatellite to upper susceptible scion of G. hirsutum. Symptoms of disease appeared in the upper scion and presence of virus/betasatellite in the upper scion was confirmed via molecular techniques, showing that virus/betasatellite was able to move to upper scion through resistant G. arboreum. However, no symptoms appeared on G. arboreum. Betasatelites were cloned and sequenced from lower scion, upper scion and G. arboreum which show that the lower scion contained both CLCuMuB and ChLCB, however only ChLCB was found in G. arboreum. The upper scion contained CLCuMuB with a deletion of 78 nucleotides (nt) in the non-coding region between Arich sequence and ${\beta}C1$ gene and insertion of 27 nt in the middle of ${\beta}C1$ ORF. This study may help in investigating molecular basis of resistance in G. arboreum.
Asif Ali Khan,Umair Baig,Mohd. Khalid 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.4
Electrically conductive polyaniline-titanium(IV)molybdophosphate (PANI-TMP) cation exchange nanocomposite was studied as sensing material for aliphatic alcohols (methanol, ethanol and 1-propanol) at room temperature. The nanocomposite was synthesized by sol–gel mixing of polyaniline (PANI) into inorganic precipitate of titanium(IV)molybdophosphate (TMP) and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and ultravioletvisible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The composite showed good ion-exchange capacity, electrical conductivity and resistivity response towards alcohol vapours. It was observed that the sensor show good reversible response towards methanol vapours compared to ethanol and 1-propanol vapours. These studies suggest that the nanocomposite cation exchanger could be a good sensing material for methanol vapours at room temperature (25 8C).