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Rahman Syed Ahmad Fadhli Syed Abdul,Maulud Khairul Nizam Abdul,Pradhan Biswajeet,Mustorpha Sharifah Nurul Ain Syed 한국CDE학회 2021 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.8 No.6
Navigation, also known as discovering one’s direction, is a complex human activity. To produce effective routes, it relies on knowledge of the surroundings’ precise geometry and semantic information. Complex geometrical data can be precisely delineated with the improvement of 3D geometric models. A precise 3D geometric model containing a specifically built-in Building Information Modelling (BIM) environment can be integrated into the Geographical Information System platform for indoor path generation to satisfy the requirements of indoor location-based services. Therefore, this paper proposes an approach to evaluate a 3D indoor topology network called a lattice topology data model (LTDM) for the floor-level paths in a 3D multipatch-based model. The LTDM requires the geometric information of the integrated BIM model to identify the indoor space and bounding lines for indoor network generation. The novelty of this study is in the application of the replacement of cell values into vector length for pathfinding through a combination of the Poincaré duality theorem and Dijkstra’s algorithm. The Campus Infrastructure Building model was chosen to validate the proposed method. Multiple space centroid pairs within the floor level were randomly selected to identify the shortest path using the LTDM principle. Paths drawn from the Medial Axis Transformation were compared with LTDM-generated paths for availability testing. The average floor-level path availability was 112% due to the generation of extra paths reflecting real-life situations. The LTDM paths were compared with on-site measurements for accuracy tests, and the average error rate was 3.18%. The results show that the implementation of the LTDM generates an excellent topology data network.
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Nasyitah Sobihah, Nasri,Ahmad Zaharin, Aris,Khairul Nizam, Mohammad,Ley Juen, Looi,Kyoung-Woong, Kim Elsevier 2018 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.197 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Mariculture fish contains a rich source of protein, but some species may bioaccumulate high levels of heavy metals, making them unsafe for consumption. This study aims to identify heavy metal concentration in <I>Lates calcarifer</I> (Barramudi), <I>Lutjanus campechanus</I> (Red snapper) and <I>Lutjanus griseus</I> (Grey snapper). Three species of mariculture fish, namely, <I>L. calcarifer</I>, <I>L. campechanus</I> and <I>L. griseus</I> were collected for analyses of heavy metals. The concentration of heavy metal (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Se, and Zn) was determined using inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The distribution of heavy metals mean concentration in muscle is Zn > Fe > As > Se > Cr > Cu > Mn > Pb > Ni > Cd for <I>L. calcarifer</I>, Fe > Zn > Cr > As > Ni > Mn > Se > Cu > Pb > Cd for <I>L. campechanus</I> and Fe > Zn > Cr > Ni > Se > Cu > As > Mn > Pb > Cd for <I>L. griseus</I>. Among all of the species under investigation, the highest concentration of Fe was found in the muscle tissue of <I>L. campechanus</I> (19.985 ± 1.773 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP>) and liver tissue of <I>L. griseus</I> (58.248 ± 8.736 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP>). Meanwhile, <I>L. calcarifer</I> has the lowest concentration of Cd in both muscle (0.007 ± 0.004 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP>) and liver tissue (0.027 ± 0.016 mg kg<SUP>−1</SUP>). The heavy metal concentration in muscle tissue is below the permissible limit guidelines stipulated by the Food & Agriculture Organization, 1983 and Malaysia Food Act, 1983. The concentration of heavy metals varies significantly among fish species and tissues. <I>L. campechanus</I> was found to have a higher ability to accumulate heavy metals as compared to the other two species (p < .00). Among all the studied fish, liver tissue has a higher concentration of heavy metals compared to muscle tissue (p < .05). The findings from this study can serve as baseline information for future monitoring and risk assessment studies. Periodic monitoring of heavy metal concentration in mariculture fish must be performed to prevent acute and chronic food intoxication.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Species were chosen due to the most extensive maricultured species in estuaries. </LI> <LI> Species chosen were the most consumable fish species in Asian region. </LI> <LI> High metals concentration had been observed in <I>L. campechanus.</I> </LI> <LI> Liver tissues possessed higher metal concentration than muscle tissues. </LI> <LI> Studied metals were below than the permissible limit. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Integrating approach to size and site at a sanitary landfill in Selangor state, Malaysia
Mohammad Khairi Younes,Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri,Zulkifli Mohammad Nopiaha,Hassan Basri,Mohammed F. M. Abushammala,Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud 대한환경공학회 2015 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.20 No.3
Solid waste production increases due to population and consumption increments. Landfill is the ultimate destination for all kinds of municipal solid waste; and is the most convenient waste disposal method in developing countries. To minimize investment and operational costs and society’s opposition towards locating landfills nearby, proper landfill sizing and siting are essential. In this study, solid waste forecasting using Autoregressive Integrating Moving Average (ARIMA) was integrated with government future plans and waste composition to estimate the required landfill area for the state of Selangor, Malaysia. Landfill siting criteria were then prioritized based on expert’s preferences. To minimize ambiguity and the uncertainty of the criteria prioritizing process, the expert’s preferences were treated using integrated Median Ranked Sample Set (MRSS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) models. The results show that the required landfill area is 342 hectares and the environmental criteria are the most important; with a priority equal to 48%.
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