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Understanding the Pathogenesis of Zika Virus Infection Using Animal Models
Keeton K. Krause,Francine Azouz,신옥,Mukesh Kumar 대한면역학회 2017 Immune Network Vol.17 No.5
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a member of Flaviviridae family that has emerged as a pathogen of significant public health importance. The rapid expansion of ZIKV in the South and Central America has recently gained medical attention emphasizing the capacity of ZIKV to spread to non-endemic regions. ZIKV infection during pregnancy has been demonstrated to cause microcephaly and other fetal developmental abnormalities. An increased incidence of Guillain-Barre syndrome, an immune mediated neuropathy of the peripheral nervous system, has also been reported in ZIKV-infected patients in French Polynesia and Brazil. No effective therapies currently exist for treating patients infected with ZIKV. Despite the relatively short time interval, an intensive effort by the global scientific community has resulted in development of animal models to study multiple aspects of ZIKV biology. Several animal models have been established to investigate pathogenesis of ZIKV in adults, pregnant mothers, and developing fetuses. Here we review the remarkable progress of newly developed small and large animal models for understanding ZIKV pathogenesis.
Low-fat Bologna Formulated with Konjac Blends and Soy Protein Isolate
Chin,Koo B.,Keeton,Jimmy T. 동물자원연구센터 1999 1999년도 동물자원연구센터 학술심포지움 Vol.1999 No.-
The objective of this study was to evaluate levels (0.5% and 1.0%) of konjac blends (KBs; KSS = Konjac flour and starch, and KNC = Konjac flour, carrageenan and starch) and soy protein isolate (SPI, 0 and 2%) as fat replacements in low-fat bologna (LFB < 2% fat), and to compare them to a control (CTL Ⅱ, 30% fat). CTL Ⅱ had higher pH, less moisture and protein (%), expressible moisture (EM, %), and more fat (%) than other treatments. All KB samples were darker and more red (P < .05) than CTL Ⅱ, while those with 2% SPI were more yellow than those without SPI, Compared to CTL Ⅱ, LFB samples with 0.5% KBs were harder, springier and more cohesive, while those with 1.0% KBs were lower in fracturability. Comparisons between KB levels found 0.5% to be lighter in overall color more yellow, harder and gummier than the 1.0% KB level. LFB containing KSS had more EM and vacuum purge, and was lighter and more yellow as compared to bologna with KNC, but no differences (P >.05) in textural parameters were apparent. Sensroy evaluation indicated that 1.0% KBs reduced pepper, spice (aftertaste) and salt taste resulting in sensory flavor scores similar to the CTL Ⅱ. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed differences in salt soluble protein fractions between low-fat bologna and CTL Ⅱ upon cooking. Ultrastructural comparisons of LFB containing KBs and SPI, and CTL Ⅱ showed differences among protein, fat and polysaccharide components. Overall, the 1.0% KB level with 2% SPI had characteristics similar to the CTL Ⅱ based on TPA values and sensory flavor tests.
Hakan Benli,Marcos X. Sanchez-Plata,Osman Irfan Ilhak,Maryuri T. Nunez De Gonzalez,Jimmy T. Keeton 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.3
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sequential applications of ε-polylysine (EPL) or lauramide arginine ethyl ester (LAE) sprays followed by an acidic calcium sulfate (ACS) spray on inoculated chicken carcasses to reduce Salmonella (Salmonella enterica serovars including Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis) contamination during 6 days of storage (4.4°C). Secondly, reductions of the resident microflora were studied on uninoculated chicken carcasses following the sequential application of the treatments, chilling and 10 days of storage at 4.4°C. The treatment of Salmonella inoculated carcasses with 300 mg/L EPL followed by 30% ACS (EPL300-ACS30) sprays reduced Salmonella counts initially by 1.5 log cfu/mL and then by 1.2 log cfu/mL (p<0.05) following 6 days of storage at 4.4°C. Likewise, 200 mg/L LAE followed by 30% ACS (LAE200-ACS30) treatment reduced initial Salmonella counts on poultry carcasses by 1.8, 1.4 and 1.8 log cfu/mL (p<0.05), respectively, after 0, 3, and 6 days storage. Immediately after the treatments, EPL300-ACS30 and LAE200-ACS30 both reduced Escherichia coli counts significantly by 2.6 and 2.9 log cfu/mL, respectively. EPL300-ACS30 and LAE200-ASC30 were effective in lowering psychrotroph counts by 1 log cfu/mL on day 10 when compared to the control and distilled water treatments. This study demonstrated that EPL300-ACS30 and LAE200-ACS30 were effective in reducing Salmonella on inoculated chicken carcasses both after treatment and during the storage at 4.4°C for up to 6 days. In addition, reductions in psychrotroph counts indicated that these treatments might have the potential to increase the shelf-life of poultry carcasses.
Benli, Hakan,Sanchez-Plata, Marcos X.,Ilhak, Osman Irfan,De Gonzalez, Maryuri T. Nunez,Keeton, Jimmy T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.3
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sequential applications of ${\varepsilon}$-polylysine (EPL) or lauramide arginine ethyl ester (LAE) sprays followed by an acidic calcium sulfate (ACS) spray on inoculated chicken carcasses to reduce Salmonella (Salmonella enterica serovars including Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis) contamination during 6 days of storage ($4.4^{\circ}C$). Secondly, reductions of the resident microflora were studied on uninoculated chicken carcasses following the sequential application of the treatments, chilling and 10 days of storage at $4.4^{\circ}C$. The treatment of Salmonella inoculated carcasses with 300 mg/L EPL followed by 30% ACS (EPL300-ACS30) sprays reduced Salmonella counts initially by 1.5 log cfu/mL and then by 1.2 log cfu/mL (p<0.05) following 6 days of storage at $4.4^{\circ}C$. Likewise, 200 mg/L LAE followed by 30% ACS (LAE200-ACS30) treatment reduced initial Salmonella counts on poultry carcasses by 1.8, 1.4 and 1.8 log cfu/mL (p<0.05), respectively, after 0, 3, and 6 days storage. Immediately after the treatments, EPL300-ACS30 and LAE200-ACS30 both reduced Escherichia coli counts significantly by 2.6 and 2.9 log cfu/mL, respectively. EPL300-ACS30 and LAE200-ASC30 were effective in lowering psychrotroph counts by 1 log cfu/mL on day 10 when compared to the control and distilled water treatments. This study demonstrated that EPL300-ACS30 and LAE200-ACS30 were effective in reducing Salmonella on inoculated chicken carcasses both after treatment and during the storage at $4.4^{\circ}C$ for up to 6 days. In addition, reductions in psychrotroph counts indicated that these treatments might have the potential to increase the shelf-life of poultry carcasses.
Brittney S. Zimmerman,Danielle Seidman,Natalie Berger,Krystal P. Cascetta,Michelle Nezolosky,Kara Trlica,Alisa Ryncarz,Caitlin Keeton,Erin Moshier,Amy Tiersten 한국유방암학회 2020 Journal of breast cancer Vol.23 No.5
Prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, telehealth was rarely utilized for oncologic care in metropolitan areas. Our large New York City based outpatient breast/gynecologic cancer clinic administered an 18-question survey to patients from March to June 2020, to assess the perceptions of the utility of telehealth medicine. Of the 622 patients, 215 (35%) completed the survey, and of the 215 respondents, 74 (35%) had participated in a telehealth visit. We evaluated the use of telehealth services using the validated Service User Technology Acceptability Questionnaire. Sixty-eight patients (92%) reported that telehealth services saved them time, 54 (73%) reported telehealth increased access to care, and 58 (82%) reported telehealth improved their health. Overall, 67 (92%) of patients expressed satisfaction with the use of telehealth services for oncologic care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Telehealth services should be carefully adopted as an addition to in-person clinical care of patients with cancer.