Effects of different densities of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and nitrogen rates on oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) yield

Kazemeini, Seyed Abdolreza,Naderi, Ruhollah,Aliabadi, Hadis Karimi The Ecological Society of Korea 2013 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.36 No.3

A Two-year field experiment was carried out in 2009 and 2010 to evaluate the effects of different densities of wild oat and nitrogen (N) rates on oilseed rape yield and yield components. Experimental design was split plot with three replications. Increased nitrogen rates up to 150 kg N/ha caused an increase in oilseed rape grain yield in weed-free plots (4.26 t/ha; 1t = $10^3kg$), while even at the lowest density of wild oat (15 $plants/m^2$), increasing N fertilizer only up to 50 kg/ha led to a significant increase in grain yield. Wild oat growth was favored by high levels of N. Intraspecific competition reduced biomass, 100-seed weight and number of tillers of wild oat. Both lower N rate and intraspecific competition had negative effect on wild oat growth but the weed was still able to produce a considerable number of tillers and vigorous seeds. It showed that wild oat possess a notable adaptive plasticity and can allocate a greater proportion of its resource toward reproductive organs even under resource shortage conditions and, thus, it may increase the competitive ability of the weed over the crop.Our results suggest that effective weed management should be done to prevent wild oat seed production in crops preceding oilseed rape as well as to control the weed at early season in oilseed rape fields.

Effects of different densities of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and nitrogen rates on oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) yield

Seyed Abdolreza Kazemeini,Ruhollah Naderi,Hadis Karimi Aliabadi 한국생태학회 2013 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.36 No.3

A Two-year field experiment was carried out in 2009 and 2010 to evaluate the effects of different densities of wild oat and nitrogen (N) rates on oilseed rape yield and yield components. Experimental design was split plot with three replications. Increased nitrogen rates up to 150 kg N/ha caused an increase in oilseed rape grain yield in weed-free plots (4.26 t/ha;1t = 103 kg), while even at the lowest density of wild oat (15 plants/m2), increasing N fertilizer only up to 50 kg/ha led to a significant increase in grain yield. Wild oat growth was favored by high levels of N. Intraspecific competition reduced biomass, 100-seed weight and number of tillers of wild oat. Both lower N rate and intraspecific competition had negative effect on wild oat growth but the weed was still able to produce a considerable number of tillers and vigorous seeds. It showed that wild oat possess a notable adaptive plasticity and can allocate a greater proportion of its resource toward reproductive organs even under resource shortage conditions and, thus, it may increase the competitive ability of the weed over the crop.Our results suggest that effective weed management should be done to prevent wild oat seed production in crops preceding oilseed rape as well as to control the weed at early season in oilseed rape fields.

Interaction between different nitrogen fertilizer levels and maize-bean intercropping patterns

Sadeghi, Hossein,Kazemeini, Seyed Abdolreza The Ecological Society of Korea 2012 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.35 No.4

In order to investigate the effects of different maize-bean intercropping patterns, and of nitrogen fertilizers on morphological and yield related traits, a factorial study based on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was performed during the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons in a research filed of Shiraz University, Iran. The first factor of the study was seven different ratios of Maize-Bean intercropping system (Maize sole cropping, Bean sole cropping, and intercropping of maize/bean at the ratios of 1/3, 1/1, 2/3, 3/2 and 3/1) and the second factor was three nitrogen (N) fertilizer application levels (0, 100 and 200 kg N/ha). Results showed that with respect to increasing the levels of N fertilizer, the yield of bean sole cropping decreased but the yield of maize sole cropping increased. On the other hand, in intercropping systems with N fertilizer application, the yield of both crops increased. Results of total land equivalent ratio (LER) for both crops showed that the highest LER value under both 100 and 200 kg N/ha application was that of M1B1 (1 seed of maize after 1 seed of bean, consecutively, on a row with same distance). Under no N fertilizer application the highest LER value was that of M2B3 (2 seeds of maize after 3 seeds of bean, consecutively, on a row with same distance). Overall, it can be concluded that M1B1 is the best intercropping pattern in maize-bean intercropping systems and that the application of N fertilizer can be effective within practical settings of intercropping agriculture, resulting in higher yields.

Effect of plant density ratios and weed control on the performance of maize-bean intercropping

Sadeghi, Hossein,Kazemeini, Seyed Abdolreza,Edalat, Mohsen The Ecological Society of Korea 2012 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.35 No.4

A 2-year study (2010-2011) was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of bean and maize intercropping. The experiment tested five different cropping systems: sole cropping of each crop, as well as intercropping of maize/bean with the ratios of 1:3 ($M_1B_3$), 2:2 ($M_2B_2$) and 3:1 ($M_3B_1$), each of which took place in the presence of two weed management systems (no weed control and weed eradication through manual removal), in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design using three replicates. Tests of homogeneity of variance for combined data over two years showed that data of both years could be analyzed together. The results showed that the effect of intercropping treatments on all measured traits in maize and bean were significantly different. A minimum land equivalent ratio (LER) for maize (0.78) was obtained for $M_3B_1$ under conditions of no weed control, while the highest LER (1.03) was observed in $M_3B_1$ under weed-free conditions. The highest (0.99) and lowest (0.70) LER values for beans were recorded for $M_1B_3$ under weed-free conditions and $M_3B_1$ under conditions of no weed control, respectively. $M_1B_3$ under weed-free conditions showed the highest total LER (2.02), while $M_3B_1$ under conditions of no weed control showed the lowest (1.48). Results of this study indicated that intercropping bean and maize can be an effective method to increase total productivity, and that the $M_1B_3$ system was the best cropping system for high productivity.

Reaction kinetics determination and neural networks modeling of methanol dehydration over nano g-Al2O3 catalyst

S. Alamolhoda,M. Kazemeini,A. Zaherian,M.R. Zakerinasab 한국공업화학회 2012 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.18 No.6

In this research nano g-Al2O3 catalyst was synthesized through precipitation process then characterized and utilized for methanol dehydration reaction in a slurry batch reactor in route to the indirect synthesis of the dimethyl ether (DME). In this venue, effects of the key parameters on methanol conversion and catalyst stability were investigated. Moreover, the internal and external mass transfer resistances were eliminated; hence the intrinsic kinetics controlled the reaction. Therefore, the optimum conditions for temperature, methanol concentration, catalyst mass and stirrer speed were determined to be 300 8C,1.18 mol/l, 1.5 g and 1100 rpm, respectively. Next, different reaction rate equations from literature were applied to the measured experimental data where their generality compared to a new reaction rate equation examined. Ultimately, artificial neural networks applied to determine a model for the reaction rate estimation. It has been shown that the proposed reaction rate equation might be used rather satisfactorily to provide a base model for the neural networks; consequently a very good proximity to the reaction dynamics resulted.

Transesterification of canola oil and methanol by lithium impregnated CaO–La2O3 mixed oxide for biodiesel synthesis

Hesam Maleki,Mohammad Kazemeini,Afsaneh S. Larimi,Farhad Khorasheh 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.47 No.-

CaO–La2O3 mixed oxides were synthesized by co-precipitation coupled with Li doping through wetimpregnation. These were used as catalysts for transesterification of canola oil and methanol towardbiodiesel production. To determine the structure and morphology of the prepared catalysts, they werecharacterized by the XRD, FESEM, BET, and basic strength measurements. Under optimum reactionconditions of methanol/oil molar ratio of 15:1, 5 wt% catalyst at 65 C, 96.3% conversion was obtained in2.5 h of reaction duration. Moreover, the catalyst demonstrated a rather high stability where reuse of uptofive cycles without significant loss of performance observed.

The joint reaction of methanol and i-butane over the HZSM-5 zeolite

Gholamreza Roohollahi,Mohammad Kazemeini,Alireza Mohammadrezaee,Reza Golhosseini 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.3

The effects of i-butane addition to methanol in MTP reaction were investigated over an in-house prepared HZSM-5 catalyst. It was observed that, propylene yield would be enhanced when i-butane fed to the reactor along with methanol. The rising growth of the propylene yield continued to peak on till the balance in thermal condition established. Similar trends have been observed when water was added to the mixture. The effect of WHSV with fixed water composition on product distribution was also studied. The optimum point where the highest amount of propylene yielded was shown to be high depended upon the temperature and residence time.

Effect of plant density ratios and weed control on the performance of maize-bean intercropping

Hossein Sadeghi,Seyed Abdolreza Kazemeini,Mohsen Edalat 한국생태학회 2012 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.35 No.4

A 2-year study (2010-2011) was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of bean and maize intercropping. The experiment tested five different cropping systems: sole cropping of each crop, as well as intercropping of maize/bean with the ratios of 1:3 (M1B3), 2:2 (M2B2) and 3:1 (M3B1), each of which took place in the presence of two weed management systems (no weed control and weed eradication through manual removal), in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design using three replicates. Tests of homogeneity of variance for combined data over two years showed that data of both years could be analyzed together. The results showed that the effect of intercropping treatments on all measured traits in maize and bean were significantly different. A minimum land equivalent ratio (LER) for maize (0.78)was obtained for M3B1 under conditions of no weed control, while the highest LER (1.03) was observed in M3B1 under weed-free conditions. The highest (0.99) and lowest (0.70) LER values for beans were recorded for M1B3 under weed-free conditions and M3B1 under conditions of no weed control, respectively. M1B3 under weed-free conditions showed the highest total LER (2.02), while M3B1 under conditions of no weed control showed the lowest (1.48). Results of this study indicated that intercropping bean and maize can be an effective method to increase total productivity, and that the M1B3system was the best cropping system for high productivity.

Kinetic modeling of oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP) over a vanadium–graphene catalyst: Application of the DOE and ANN methodologies

Moslem Fattahi,Mohammad Kazemeini,Farhad Khorasheh,Alimorad Rashidi 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.4

In this research the application of design of experiment (DOE) coupled with the artificial neural networks (ANN) in kinetic study of oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP) over a vanadium–graphene catalyst at 400–500 ℃ and a method of data collection/fitting for the experiments were presented. The proposed reaction network composed of consecutive and simultaneous reactions with kinetics expressed by simple power law equations involving a total of 20 unknown parameters (10 reaction orders and 5 rate constants each expressed in terms of a pre-exponential factors and activation energies) determined through non-linear regression analysis. Because of the complex nature of the system, neural networks were employed as an efficient and accurate tool to model the behavior of the system. Response surface methodology (RSM) and ANN methods were constructed based upon the DOE’s points and were then utilized for generating extra-simulated data. The three data sets including the original experimental data, those simulated by the ANN and RSM methods were subsequently used to fit power law kinetic rate expressions for the main ODHP and side reactions. The results of kinetic modeling with simulated data sets from the ANN and RSM models compared with collected experimental data. Both methods were able to satisfactorily fit the experimental data for which the ANN data set showed the best fitting amongst them all.

Interaction between different nitrogen fertilizer levels and maize-bean intercropping patterns

Hossein Sadeghi,Abdolreza Kazemeini 한국생태학회 2012 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.35 No.4

In order to investigate the effects of different maize-bean intercropping patterns, and of nitrogen fertilizers on morphological and yield related traits, a factorial study based on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was performed during the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons in a research filed of Shiraz University, Iran. The first factor of the study was seven different ratios of Maize-Bean intercropping system (Maize sole cropping, Bean sole cropping, and intercropping of maize/bean at the ratios of 1/3, 1/1, 2/3, 3/2 and 3/1) and the second factor was three nitrogen (N) fertilizer application levels (0, 100 and 200 kg N/ha). Results showed that with respect to increasing the levels of N fertilizer, the yield of bean sole cropping decreased but the yield of maize sole cropping increased. On the other hand, in intercropping systems with N fertilizer application, the yield of both crops increased. Results of total land equivalent ratio (LER) for both crops showed that the highest LER value under both 100 and 200 kg N/ha application was that of M1B1 (1 seed of maize after 1 seed of bean, consecutively, on a row with same distance). Under no N fertilizer application the highest LER value was that of M2B3 (2 seeds of maize after 3 seeds of bean, consecutively, on a row with same distance). Overall, it can be concluded that M1B1 is the best intercropping pattern in maize-bean intercropping systems and that the application of N fertilizer can be effective within practical settings of intercropping agriculture, resulting in higher yields.