Characterization in Terms of the NUX Rule of G-inserted Mutant Hammerhead Ribozymes with High Level of Catalytic Power

Kuwabara, Tomoko,Warashina, Masaki,Kato, Yoshio,Kawasaki, Hiroaki,Taira, Kazunari Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2001 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.34 No.1

Attempts using in vitro and in vivo selection procedures have been made to search for hammerhead ribozymes that have higher activities than the wild-type ribozyme and also to determine whether other sequences might be possible in the catalytic core of the hammerhead ribozyme. Active sequences selected in the past conformed broadly to the consensus core sequence except at A9, and no sequences were associated with higher activity than that of the hammerhead with the consensus core, an indication that the consensus sequence derived from viruses and virusoids is probably the optimal sequence [Vaish et al. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 6495-6501]. Recently, during construction of ribozyme expression vectors, we isolated a mutant hammerhead ribozyme, with an insertion of G between A9 and G10.1, that appeared to show significant activity [Kawasaki et al. (1996) Nucleic Acids Res. 24, 3010-3016; Kawasaki et al. (1998) Nature 393, 284-289]. We, therefore, characterized kinetic properties of the G-inserted mutant ribozymes in terms of the NUX rule. We demonstrate that the NUX rule is basically applicable to the G-inserted ribozymes and, more importantly, one type of G-inserted ribozyme was very active with $k_{cat}$, value of $6.4\;min^{-1}$ in 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) and 10 mM $MgCl_2$ at $37^{\circ}C$.

Characterization in Terms of the NUX Rule of G - inserted Mutant Hammerhead Ribozymes with High Level of Catalytic Power

(Tomoko Kuwabara),(Masaki Warashina),(Yoshio Kato),(Hiroaki Kawasaki),(Kazunari Taira) 생화학분자생물학회 2001 BMB Reports Vol.34 No.1

Attempts using in vitro and in vivo selection procedures have been made to search for hammerhead ribozymes that have higher activities than the wild-type ribozyme and also to determine whether other sequences might be possible in the catalytic core of the hammerhead ribozyme. Active sequences selected in the past conformed broadly to the consensus core sequence except at A9, and no sequences were associated with higher activity than that of the hammerhead with the consensus core, an indication that the consensus sequence derived from viruses and virusoids is probably the optimal sequence [Vaish et al. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 6495-6501]. Recently, during construction of ribozyme expression vectors, we isolated a mutant hammerhead ribozyme, with an insertion of G between A9 and 610.1, that appeared to show significant activity [Kawasaki et at (1996) Nucleic Acids Res. 24, 3010-3016; Kawasaki et al. (1998) Nature 393, 284-289]. We, therefore, characterized kinetic properties of the G-inserted mutant ribozymes in terms of the NUX rule. We demonstrate that the NUX rule is basically applicable to the G-inserted ribozymes and, more importantly, one type of G-inserted ribozyme was very active with k_(cat), value of 6.4 min^(-1) in 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) and 10 m1VI MgCl₂ at 37℃.

Clinical features, diagnosis, and outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with coronavirus disease 2019

Kwak, Ji Hee,Lee, Soo-Young,Choi, Jong-Woon,Korean Society of Kawasaki Diseasety of Pediatric Endocrinology (KSPE), The Korean Pediatric Society 2021 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.64 No.2

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been spreading worldwide since December 2019. Hundreds of cases of children and adolescents with Kawasaki disease (KD)-like hyperinflammatory illness have been reported in Europe and the United States during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic with or without shock and cardiac dysfunction. These patients tested positive for the polymerase chain reaction or antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 or had a history of recent exposure to COVID-19. Clinicians managing such patients coined new terms for this new illness, such as COVID-19-associated hyperinflammatory response syndrome, pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19, or COVID-19-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). The pathogenesis of MIS-C is unclear; however, it appears similar to that of cytokine storm syndrome. MIS-C shows clinical features similar to KD, but differences between them exist with respect to age, sex, and racial distributions and proportions of patients with shock or cardiac dysfunction. Recommended treatments for MIS-C include intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, and inotropic or vasopressor support. For refractory patients, monoclonal antibody to interleukin-6 receptor (tocilizumab), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra), or monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor (infliximab) may be recommended. Patients with coronary aneurysms require aspirin or anticoagulant therapy. The prognosis of MIS-C seemed favorable without sequelae in most patients despite a reported mortality rate of approximately 1.5%.

월인석보 권20 훼손 부분의 복원과 이용

( Kawasaki Keigo ),( Sugiyama Yutaka ),정혜린 ( Jeong Hye-rin ) 국어학회 2013 국어학 Vol.67 No.-

It is unfortunate for us that the only available book of the volume 20 of Worin-seokbo is seriously damaged from the page 69 to 83 mainly in the lower part of it, so we find it difficult to read the part of the Middle Korean translation of original Chinese sutra Taizi Xudana Jing (太子須大拏經, Prince Sudana Sutra), or to utilize it as a historical language text. It is, however, not impossible for us to restore the original text to some extent: At first we precisely count the number of letters to be restored, then translate the corresponding letters of Taizi Xudana Jing into Middle Korean with all the our grammatical knowledge available, carefully contrasting with general style and patterns of translation in Seokbosangjeol and Worin-seokbo. We will not only try to restore the original text as much as possible, but also try to find out some newly available historical linguistic facts from it so we can illustrate the significance of this work.

PREPARATION OF MONOSIZED SPHERICAL MICRO-PARTICLES AND APPLICATION FOR A TERAHERTZ PHOTONIC CRYSTAL

Kawasaki Akira 한국분말야금학회 2004 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.1

“어기설”과 중세한국어 동사활용

Kawasaki Keigo 형태론 2011 형태론 Vol.13 No.2

‘Verbal Base Grammar (VBG, 語基說)’, an analyzing method of Korean verbal conjugation used mainly in Japan, is a quite useful tool and can be seen to be compatible and to coexist with the ordinary analyzing method in Korea (non-VBG) by understanding the concept of ‘phonological word’. The two methods — VBG and non-VBG — can both describe every phenomenon about Korean verbal conjugation. The difference is only that sometimes one can offer a more clear and refined explanation than the other, or vice versa, depending on the subject that is explained. This paper illustrates how to practically utilize VBG. For example, ① the well-known Middle Korean ‘doublet stem’ verb ‘achyet-’/‘achyer-’(“hate”) is revealed to be a ‘doublet’ only in the ‘2nd base’ in the sight of VBG. This localized doublet is likely to have been formed historically by the series of weakening and dropping phenomena related to ‘ㄹ’, which is universal in the Korean language. We found that ② the ‘-e ho-’ construction never appears with the shape of ‘3rd base’, and we also demonstrate that this was directly related to the grammaticalization of ‘mwot nay V’ (“can-not accomplish V-ing”) to the adverb ‘mwotnay’ (“boundlessly”). It should be emphasized that VBG not only offers a compact and clear explanation of ‘irregular verbs’ as has often been noticed, but also enables us to observe the verbs with a concrete ‘paradigms’ and not with an abstract concept of the ‘stem’. The paradigmatic nature of VBG and its way of description is expected to be a powerful tool in the study of Korean verbal conjugation. 한국어 동사활용 기술에 있어서 주로 일본에서 사용되고 있는 ‘語基說’은 ‘음운론적 단어’(phonological word)라는 개념을 이론적 근거로 삼음으로써 한국에서 일반적인 기술방식(‘非語基說’)과 모순없이 양립할 수 있으며, 실제로 매우 유용한 도구가 된다. 이들 두 가지 기술방식은 양쪽 다 모든 현상을 기술할 수가 있으되, 다만 분석의 대상에 따라 기술이 간결해지거나 복잡해질 수 있을 뿐이다. 본고에서는 실제로 ‘어기’를 구사하면서, 중세한국어의 활용현상에 관한 새로운 사실을 밝히기도 한다. 예를 들어 ① 중세어 ‘아쳗-’[厭]는 ‘아쳗-’/‘아쳘-’가 공존하는 ‘쌍형어간’으로 흔히 알려져 있는데, 사실 이는 한국어에서 보편적인 ‘ㄹ’에 관한 일련의 약화·탈락현상으로 인해 第Ⅱ語基에 국한되어 형성된 쌍형어간이라는 사실이 밝혀진다. 또한 ② 소위 ‘-어 ㅎ-’ 구문은 第Ⅲ語基를 취하지 않는다는 사실 및 이와 관련하여 ‘몯 내 V’[V해 낼 수 없다]가 부사 ‘몯내’[끝없이]로 어휘화된 기제 등이 밝혀진다. 語基說이 변격활용을 간결하게 기술할 수 있다는 점은 흔히 지적되어 왔으나, 이처럼 추상화된 ‘어간’뿐만 아니라 항상 구체적인 ‘패러다임’을 볼 시각을 갖게 해 주는 語基說과 그 기술 방법은, 이 분야의 연구에 새로운 힘을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

Fabrication of nanocomposites through diffusion bonding under high-pressure torsion

Kawasaki, Megumi,Han, Jae-Kyung,Lee, Dong-Hyun,Jang, Jae-il,Langdon, Terence G. Published for the Materials Research Society by th 2018 Journal of materials research Vol.33 No.18

<▼1><B>Abstract</B><P/></▼1><▼2><P>This report summarizes a recent study demonstrating simple and rapid synthesis of a new Al-Mg alloy system and ultimately synthesizing a metal matrix nanocomposite, which was achieved by processing stacked disks of the two dissimilar metals by conventional high-pressure torsion (HPT) processing. The synthesized Al-Mg alloy system exhibits exceptionally high hardness through rapid diffusion bonding and simultaneous nucleation of intermetallic phases with increased numbers of HPT turns through 20, and improved plasticity was demonstrated by increasing strain rate sensitivity in the alloy system after post-deformation annealing. An additional experiment demonstrated that the alternate stacking of high numbers of dissimilar metal disks may produce a faster metal mixture during HPT. Metal combinations of Al-Cu, Al-Fe, and Al-Ti were processed by the same HPT procedure from separate pure metals to examine the feasibility of the processing technique. The microstructural analysis confirmed the capability of HPT for the formation of heterostructures across the disk diameters in these processed alloy systems. The HPT processing demonstrates a considerable potential for the joining and bonding of dissimilar metals at room temperature and the expeditious fabrication of a wide range of new metal systems.</P></▼2>

Apigenin inhibits larval growth of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> through DAF-16 activation

Kawasaki, Ichiro,Jeong, Myung-Hwan,Oh, Bong-Kyeong,Shim, Yhong-Hee Elsevier 2010 FEBS letters Vol.584 No.16

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Treatment of <I>Caenorhabditis elegans</I> with apigenin, 5,7,4′-trihydroxyflavone, induces larval growth inhibition. To understand the molecular basis of apigenin-induced larval growth inhibition, the effects of apigenin on DAF-16 activity were examined. DAF-16 was activated through nuclear translocation and the mRNA level of <I>sod-3</I>, one of the known DAF-16 target genes, was increased upon apigenin treatment. DAF-16 activity was required for the growth inhibition, since the larval growth retardation upon apigenin treatment was suppressed in <I>daf-16</I> mutants. These results indicate that apigenin acts as a stressor that activates DAF-16, which in turn inhibits larval growth.</P>

Microstructural homogeneity and superplastic behavior in an aluminum-copper eutectic alloy processed by high-pressure torsion

Kawasaki, Megumi,Lee, Han-Joo,Langdon, Terence G. Springer-Verlag 2015 JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE - Vol.50 No.20

Evolution of hardness, microstructure, and strain rate sensitivity in a Zn-22% Al eutectoid alloy processed by high-pressure torsion

Kawasaki, Megumi,Lee, Han-Joo,Choi, In-Chul,Jang, Jae-il,Ahn, Byungmin,Langdon, Terence G IOP Publishing 2014 IOP conference series. Materials science and engin Vol.63 No.-