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Ananda Karunarathne 서울대학교 국토문제연구소 2017 地理學論叢 Vol.64 No.-
Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is possible to be identified as one of the mostly cited fields in the optimization applications. This is because optimization of solid waste management is most general in contemporary research applications as the issue is being becoming more complex and impasse with rapidly increasing of urban population particularly in the developing world. Optimal site selection is to be identified as one of the famous facility location problems in the discipline of location science. With a range of growing impediments, such as scarcity of suitable lands for dumping, increasing of transportation and labour costs, diversifying of environmental pollutions etc, the application of optimization approaches on municipal solid waste management has been very famous among scholars and policy planners. The city of Colombo is a famous rapidly growing and propelling city in the South Asia. This is because many forms of internal migration flows can be seen into the city of Colombo. On this background, daily tonnage of solid waste accumulation has been augmented exponentially. At present, the issue has been become one of the burning dilemmas in the city. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to identify the potential, optimal and safe sites for SMW management in the city of Colombo by using GIS and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The study used mainly five criteria (Inhabited and build-up areas, Slopes, Elevation, Water bodies, and Road categories) and different constraints for each of them in terms of the optimal and safe site selection mechanism. The AHP approach is applied in order to obtain acute factor scoring and weighting scheme. Finally, the study used Weighted Overlay method in ArcGIS 10.2 environment for the optimal and safe site selection. The analyses of the results are revealed that six vacant sites are available and they are potentials to be used as optimal and safe sites for the MSW management practices. The study suggests that the preliminary sites investigations are needed to be done in order to clarify the ownerships and land valuation in advance.
Ananda Karunarathne 서울대학교 국토문제연구소 2016 地理學論叢 Vol.62 No.-
At present, most of economists and also experts have being made their extra ordinary attention on the theme of development of developing countries. Most of developing countries are now experiencing many kinds of changes in their economies. However, the problem is meanwhile they have to face other impediments in plenty which are belonged to their underdevelopment status. Sri Lanka is as a South Asian developing country has unique changes in its economic structure particularly after the introduction of open economy system in 1977. Based on the British colonial establishments, the country’s main exports are agriculture products. However, after the open economy system, the secondary export earnings have been proliferated. Particularly, garment productions made predominant contribution to the export sector. For an instance, since 1950 to 2014, the industry sector has been increased from 19.6% to 32.3% while agriculture sector has been declined from 46.3% to 10.1%. In these circumstances, the garment sector acted as the centripetal force to create hundreds of thousands job opportunities particularly in rural areas. Meanwhile, the thirty years of civil war made an irreparable lost to the country in both the physical and human properties. After end of the war in 2009, the country has a big gaining momentum to proliferate her economy with rejuvenation by considering the existing ‘demographic dividend’ and ‘peace dividend’ as windfalls of success.
Batagalle Vinuri Gimanthika Karunarathne,김병수 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.25 No.9
Risk can be defined as the effect of uncertainty on the achievement of objectives. All organizations are exposed to risk and uncertainty, and organized risk management is highly regarded in the construction industry. The Generic Risk Maturity Model (GRMM) is a tool for evaluating and identifying the current level, weaknesses, strengths, and areas that need improvement in construction companies. The purpose of this study is to diagnose and analyze domestic construction companies’ risk management maturity and status using the GRMM and to suggest areas for improvement. In this research, domestic construction companies were analyzed using GRMM by targeting 25 companies that ranked in the top 100 in terms of the 2019 South Korean construction evaluation. An online survey was conducted through e-mail and a total of 131 responses from 18 construction companies were collected and analyzed. As a result, the average maturity score (MS) of domestic construction companies was 5.6 but ambition score (AS) became 7.9 points. As a result of evaluating the risk system and execution level, the risk system (RS) score was 6.0, which was higher than the risk execution (RE) score of 5.3, indicating that the risk execution power was lower than that of the risk system. Therefore, in order to improve the level of risk management of Korean construction companies, it is necessary to improve the ability to execute risk management.
Dilshara, Matharage Gayani,Karunarathne, Wisurumuni Arachchilage Hasitha Maduranga,Molagoda, Ilandarage Menu Neelaka,Kang, Chang-Hee,Jeong, Jin-Woo,Choi, Yung Hyun,Kim, Gi-Young Elsevier 2018 Revista brasileira de farmacognosia Vol.28 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Although β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin is suggested as a potential therapeutic agent for preventing various cancers, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. In the present study, we investigated whether β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin enhances apoptosis by triggering reactive oxygen species production in colon cancer HCT116 cells. β-Hydroxyisovalerylshikonin significantly inhibited the viability of HCT116 cells with maximum inhibition at 4μM. Furthermore, treatment with β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin subsequently increased sub-G<SUB>1</SUB> cells and annexin-V<SUP>+</SUP> cell population. Additionally, pretreatment with the caspase-8 inhibitor, z-IETD-fmk, and the caspase-9 inhibitor, z-LETD-fmk, significantly decreased β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin-induced apoptosis, suggesting that β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin promotes apoptosis through both the intrinsic and the extrinsic apoptotic pathways by activating caspase-8 and caspase-9. We also found that mitochondria played an important role in β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin-mediated apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway. Accordingly, β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin-induced reactive oxygen species production was evident after treatment with β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin, and pretreatment with reactive oxygen species inhibitors, <I>N</I>-acetyl-<SMALL>L</SMALL>-cysteine and glutathione, significantly decreased β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin-induced reactive oxygen species production, resulting in inhibition of apoptosis, which suggests that ROS generation is required for β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin-mediated apoptosis. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the apoptotic effect of β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin is enhanced in colon cancer HCT116 cells via reactive oxygen species generation and triggering of the caspase pathways, indicating that β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin has potential as a therapeutic in the treatment of colon cancers.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Jin, Cheng-Yun,Molagoda, Ilandarage Menu Neelaka,Karunarathne, Wisurumuni Arachchilage Hasitha Maduranga,Kang, Sang-Hyuck,Park, Cheol,Kim, Gi-Young,Choi, Yung Hyun Elsevier 2018 Toxicology and applied pharmacology Vol.352 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) can preferentially initiate apoptosis in malignant cells with minimal toxicity to normal cells. Unfortunately, many human cancer cells are refractory to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through many unknown mechanisms. Here, we report that TRAIL resistance can be reversed in human bladder cancer cell lines by treatment with sulforaphane (SFN), a well-known chemopreventive isothiocyanate in various cruciferous vegetables. Combined treatment with SFN and TRAIL (SFN/TRAIL) significantly induced apoptosis concomitant with activation of caspases, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), Bid truncation, and induction of death receptor 5. Transient knockdown of <I>Bid</I> prevented collapse of MMP induced by SFN/TRAIL, consequently reducing apoptotic effects. Furthermore, SFN increased both the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which is an anti-oxidant enzyme. Interestingly, TRAIL effectively suppressed SFN-mediated nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and the period of ROS generation was more extended compared to that of treatment with SFN alone. In addition, silencing of <I>Nrf2</I> increased apoptosis in cells treated with SFN/TRAIL; however, blockade of ROS generation inhibited apoptotic activity. These data suggest that SFN-induced ROS generation promotes TRAIL sensitivity and SFN can be used for the management of TRAIL-resistant cancer.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> SFN sensitizes TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant bladder cancer cells. </LI> <LI> SFN-mediated TRAIL sensitization requires Bid cleavage, leading to apoptosis. </LI> <LI> SFN enhances DR5 expression, resulting in cell death. </LI> <LI> SFN/TRAIL increases ROS generation in spite of Nrf2 activation. </LI> <LI> TRAIL helps to sustain SFN-mediated ROS generation. </LI> </UL> </P>
Jayasooriya, Rajapaksha Gedara Prasad Tharanga,Dilshara, Matharage Gayani,Karunarathne, Wisurumuni Arachchilage Hasitha Maduranga,Molagoda, Ilandarage Menu Neelaka,Choi, Yung Hyun,Kim, Gi-Young Elsevier 2018 Food and chemical toxicology Vol.121 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Camptothecin (CPT) from <I>Camptotheca acuminate</I> was discovered for anticancer drugs, which targets topoisomease I. However, whether CPT regulates c-Myc expression has not been understood in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy. In this study, we found that CPT enhanced c-Myc expression and that the transient knockdown of <I>c-Myc</I> abrogated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which resulted in the accumulation of ER stress-regulating proteins, such as PERK, eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP. Moreover, the transfection of <I>eIF2α</I>-targeted siRNA attenuated CPT-induced autophagy and decreased the levels of Beclin-1 and Atg7, which indicated that CPT upregulated ER stress-mediated autophagy. In addition, CPT phosphorylated AMPK in response to intracellular Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> release. Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> chelators, ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid and a CaMKII inhibitor, K252a, decreased CPT-induced Beclin-1 and Atg7, and downregulated AMPK phosphorylation, which suggested that CPT-induced Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> release leads to the activation of autophagy through CaMKII-mediated AMPK phosphorylation. CPT also phosphorylated JNK and activated the DNA-binding activity of AP-1; furthermore, knockdown of <I>JNK</I> abolished the expression level of Beclin-1 and Atg7, which implied that the JNK-AP-1 pathway was a potent mediator of CPT-induced autophagy. Our findings indicated that CPT promoted c-Myc-mediated ER stress and ROS generation, which enhances autophagy via the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-AMPK and JNK-AP-1 pathways.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> CPT induces c-Myc-mediated ROS formation, leading to CHOP expression. </LI> <LI> c-Myc positively regulates CPT-induced ER stress by increasing ROS generation. </LI> <LI> CPT promotes autophagy formation as a result of ER stress. </LI> <LI> CPT promotes autophagy through increased intracellular Ca2+ release. </LI> <LI> CPT induces JNK-mediated autophagy by enhancing AP-1 activity. </LI> </UL> </P>