벤젠의 파과곡선을 이용한 물질전달계수의 측정에 관한 연구

강성원,송헌택,민병훈,서성섭 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.1

VOCs(voatile organic compounds) have been known as the source of pollution materials of the atmosphere. VOCs related to removal technologies such as emission adsorption, absorption and condensation are developed. Recently developing VOCs removal technologies aer bio filtration membrane separation, UV oxidation Not available VOCs removal technologies for VOCs, adsorption has been widely recognized as an effective means of controlling emissions to the atmosphere and recovering recycle materials from process exhaust streams. Experimental study was carried out for benzene adsorption in an activated carbon bed. As benzene concentration increased, breakthrough time was decreased. This results due to the pressure increasing in the bed and the higher interstitial linear gas velocity. In this experiment, mass transfer coefficient was measured by numerical simulation and cure fitting for experimental data. This dynamic adsorption data and mass transfer coefficient will be for design of adsorption process.

개선된 다출력 동적 CMOS 설계 방식을 이용한 고성능 32 비트 CLA가산기 설계 및 구현

송근호,방만식,서정훈,한석붕,이효상,김강철 慶尙大學校生産技術硏究所 1997 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.13 No.-

In this paper, we designed, implemented and evaluated 32-bit CLA adder with the ENMODL(enhanced NORA Multiple Output Domino Logic) logic style which is new dynamic CMOS logic. The circuit is implemented using 0.8㎛ CMOS double-metal process technology. It operates stably and the addition time is less 3.9 ns. The ENMODL logic style can improve the performance in the high-speed computing circuits depending on the degree of recurrence.

석이로부터 분리한 페놀성 화합물의 phospholipase A_2 저해활성

김진우,송경식,유익동,장현욱,유승현,배강규,민태진 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1997 생물공학연구지 Vol.5 No.-

호알카리성 진균 Cephalosporium sp. RYM-202가 생산하는 alkaline xylanase (CX-III)의 작용에 의해 xylan 기질로부터 생성되는 주요 가수분해 산물은 xylobiose와 중합도가 4 이상인 xylooligosaccharides이었다. 이 효소는 xylobiose에 대한 분해능을 가지고 있지 않지만 xylotriose로부터는 xylobiose를, xylotetraose로부터는 xylobiose와 xylotriose를 주산물로 형성하였다. 이러한 결과들은 CX-III가 transglycosidase 활성을 소유하는 전형적인 endo-type xylanase임을 보여준다. N-bromosuccinimide에 의한 CX-III의 화학적 변화 실험 결과 효소 1분자 당 2개의 tryptophan 잔기가 활성에 관여하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 iodoacetamide 및 diethylpyrocarbonate에 의한 효소활성의 저해효과는 나타나지 않음으로써 이 효소의 활성부위에 cysteine과 histidine 잔기가 필수적이지 않음이 확인되었다. The hydrolysis products formed from birchwood xylan by the action of an alkaline xylanase (CX-III) from alkalophilic Cephalosporium sp. RYM-202 were xylobiose and xylooligosaccharides polymerized with more than 4 sugar molecules. This enzyme was not active on xylobiose but readily attacked xylotriose accumulating xylobiose as a major product. The predominant end-products from xylotetraose by CX-III were xylobiose and xylotriose. These results indicate that the enzyme is typically endo-type xylanase possessing transglycosidase activity. Chemaical modification of CX-III with N-bromosuccinimide revealed that two tryptophan residues per molecule of CX-III were essential for its catalytic activity on xylan. On the other hand, iodoacetamide and diethylpyrocarbonate did not influence the activity of the enzyme, suggesting that cysteine and histidine residues are not involved in the active site of this alkaline xylanase.

Dehydration of glycerin to acrolein over H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ heteropolyacid catalyst supported on silica-alumina

Kang, Tae Hun,Choi, Jung Ho,Bang, Yongju,Yoo, Jaekyeong,Song, Ji Hwan,Joe, Wangrae,Choi, Jun Seon,Song, In Kyu Elsevier 2015 Journal of molecular catalysis Chemical Vol.396 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A series of tungstophosphoricacid (H<SUB>3</SUB>PW<SUB>12</SUB>O<SUB>40</SUB>) catalysts supported on silica-alumina (SA-X (<I>X</I> =0, 15, 30, 50, 70, 85, and 100)) with different SiO<SUB>2</SUB> content (<I>X</I>, mol%) were prepared, and they (H<SUB>3</SUB>PW<SUB>12</SUB>O<SUB>40</SUB>/SA-X) were applied to the gas-phase dehydration of glycerin to acrolein. The effect of support composition on the physicochemical properties and catalytic activities of H<SUB>3</SUB>PW<SUB>12</SUB>O<SUB>40</SUB>/SA-X catalysts was investigated. Total acidity and Brønsted acidity of H<SUB>3</SUB>PW<SUB>12</SUB>O<SUB>40</SUB>/SA-X catalysts determined from pyridine-adsorbed in situ FT-IR spectroscopy measurements showed volcano-shaped trends with respect to SiO<SUB>2</SUB> content. Among the catalysts, H<SUB>3</SUB>PW<SUB>12</SUB>O<SUB>40</SUB>/SA-50 exhibited the largest total acidity while H<SUB>3</SUB>PW<SUB>12</SUB>O<SUB>40</SUB>/SA-85 showed the largest Brønsted acidity. The results of <SUP>27</SUP>Al NMR spectroscopy analyses of H<SUB>3</SUB>PW<SUB>12</SUB>O<SUB>40</SUB>/SA-X (<I>X</I> =15, 30, 50, 70, and 85) catalysts clearly demonstrated that Brønsted acidity of the catalysts was proportional to the amount of Al<SUP>IV</SUP> species. It was revealed that yield for acrolein increased with increasing Brønsted acidity rather than total acidity of H<SUB>3</SUB>PW<SUB>12</SUB>O<SUB>40</SUB>/SA-X catalysts. Among the catalysts tested, H<SUB>3</SUB>PW<SUB>12</SUB>O<SUB>40</SUB>/SA-85 with the largest Brønsted acidity showed the highest yield for acrolein. A synergistic effect between H<SUB>3</SUB>PW<SUB>12</SUB>O<SUB>40</SUB> and SA-85 for H<SUB>3</SUB>PW<SUB>12</SUB>O<SUB>40</SUB>/SA-85 catalyst was also observed in the dehydration of glycerin to acrolein. Moreover, the catalytic performance of regenerated H<SUB>3</SUB>PW<SUB>12</SUB>O<SUB>40</SUB>/SA-85 catalyst was almost recovered compared to that of fresh H<SUB>3</SUB>PW<SUB>12</SUB>O<SUB>40</SUB>/SA-85 catalyst.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> H<SUB>3</SUB>PW<SUB>12</SUB>O<SUB>40</SUB>/SiO<SUB>2</SUB>-Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> (SA-X) catalysts with different SiO<SUB>2</SUB> content (<I>X</I>) were prepared. </LI> <LI> Gas-phase dehydration of glycerin to acrolein was conducted. </LI> <LI> Brønsted acidity of the catalysts played an important role in the reaction. </LI> <LI> Yield for acrolein increased with increasing Brønsted acidity of the catalysts. </LI> </UL> </P>

Isolation of CONSTANS as a TGA4/OBF4 Interacting Protein

Song, Young Hun,Song, Na Young,Shin, Su Young,Kim, Hye Jin,Yun, Dae-Jin,Lim, Chae Oh,Lee, Sang Yeol,Kang, Kyu Young,Hong, Jong Chan Korean Society for Molecular Biology 2008 Molecules and cells Vol.25 No.4

Members of the TGA family of basic domain/leucine zipper transcription factors regulate defense genes through physical interaction with NON-EXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1). Of the seven TGA family members, TGA4/octopine synthase (ocs)-element-binding factor 4 (OBF4) is the least understood. Here we present evidence for a novel function of OBF4 as a regulator of flowering. We identified CONSTANS (CO), a positive regulator of floral induction, as an OBF4-interacting protein, in a yeast two-hybrid library screen. OBF4 interacts with the B-box region of CO. The abundance of OBF4 mRNA cycles with a 24 h rhythm under both long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) conditions, with significantly higher levels during the night than during the day. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that OBF4 binds to the promoter of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene, a direct target of CO. We also found that, like CO and FT, an OBF4:GUS construct was prominently expressed in the vascular tissues of leaf, indicating that OBF4 can regulate FT expression through the formation of a protein complex with CO. Taken together, our results suggest that OBF4 may act as a link between defense responses and flowering.

영농방법에 따른 논에서의 배출부하량 모의

송정헌 ( Jung Hun Song ),강문성 ( Moon Seong Kang ),송인홍 ( In Hong Song ),장정렬 ( Jeong Ryeol Jang ) 한국환경농학회 2012 한국환경농학회지 Vol.31 No.4

BACKGROUND: For Non-Point Source(NPS) loads reduction, pollutant loads need to be quantified for major farming methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate impacts of farming methods on NPS pollutant loads from a paddy rice field during the growing season. METHODS AND RESULTS: The height of drainage outlet, amount of fertilizer, irrigation water quality were considered as farming factors for scenarios development. The control was derived from conventional farming methods and four different scenarios were developed based combination of farming factors. A field scale model, CREAMS-PADDY(Chemicals, Runoff, and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems for PADDY), was used to calculate pollutant nutrient loads. The data collected from an experimental plot located downstream of the Idong reservoir were used for model calibration and validation. The simulation results agreed well with observed values during the calibration and validation periods. The calibrated model was used to evaluate farming scenarios in terms of NPS loads. Pollutant loads for T-N, T-P were reduced by 5 ∼62%, 8∼37% with increasing the height of drainage outlet from 100 mm of 100 mm, respectively. When amount of fertilizer was changed from standard to conventional, T-N, T-P pollutant loads were reduced by 0∼22%, 0∼ 24%. Irrigation water quality below water criteria Ⅳ of reservoir increased T-N of 9∼65%, T-P of 9∼47% in comparison with conventional. CONCLUSION(S): The results indicated that applying increased the height of drainage after midsummer drainage, standard fertilization level during non-rainy seasons, irrigation water quality below water criteria Ⅳ of reservoir were effective farming methods to reduce NPS pollutant loads from paddy in Korea.

공구 수명의 신뢰성 예측 프로그램 개발

이수훈(Soo-Hun Lee),김봉석(Bong-Suk Kim),강태한(Tae-Han Kang),송준엽(Jun-Yeob Song),강재훈(Jae-Hun Kang),서천석(Chun-Seok Seo) 한국생산제조학회 2004 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2004 No.4

This paper deals with a prediction method of tool life in view of the reliability assessment. In this study, the flank wear was studied among multi-factors deciding the tool wear state. Firstly, tool life was predicted by correlation between flank wear and cutting time, based on the extended Taylor tool life equation of turning data, including parameters of cutting speed, feed rate, and cutting depth. Secondly, each of cutting conditions of endmilling was equivalently converted to apply ball endmill data to the extended Taylor equation. The web-based reliability prediction program for tool life is being developed as one of reliability assessment programs to for the machine tools.

하지의 국소 신경 차단술에서 Ropivacaine 농도(0.5%, 0.6%, vs. 0.75%)에 따른 효과 비교

강동훈(Dong Hun Kang),강찬(Chan Kang),황득수(Deuk Soo Hwang),송재황(Jae Hwang Song),장민구(Min Gu Jang) 대한정형외과학회 2018 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.53 No.3

목적: 정형외과 영역에서 하지 수술의 국소 신경 차단술의 비중은 증가하고 있으나 주사제의 최적의 농도(concentration), 투여량(dose), 용량(volume)에 대한 연구는 많지 않았다. 이 연구에서는 ropivacaine의 농도에 따른 효과를 마취 시간, 수술 중, 수술 후 통증 및 환자의 만족도의 관점에서 비교하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2016년 3월부터 2017년 2월까지 충남대학교병원에서 초음파 유도 신경 차단술(대퇴 및 좌골 신경 동시 차단)하에 하지 수술 예정인 환자를 무작위적으로 3군으로 분류하였다: A군(0.5%, 44 ml), B군(0.6%, 30 ml), C군(0.75%, 30 ml). 신경 차단술을 시행한 시점부터 완전히 마취 효과가 발생하는 시간(완전 마취 시간)을 조사하였다. 시각통증척도(visual analogue scale, VAS)를 이용하여 수술 중(수술 시작 10분 후) 및 수술 후(수술 종료 6, 12시간 후) 통증 정도를 평가하였다. 또한, 수술 종료 12시간 후에 환자의 만족도(0-10)를 조사하였다. 동일 투여량 및 동일 용량하에서 마취제 농도에 따른 효과를 평가하기 위해 A, B군을 각각 C군과 비교하였다. 결과: A, B, C 군별 환자수는 108, 118, 113명으로 환자 수, 나이, 성별, 수술 종류에 대한 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 세 군의 평균 완전 마취 시간은 78.5, 76.4, 58.6분이었다. 평균 수술 중 VAS 점수는 2.04, 0.62, 0.24였고, 평균 수술 후(6/12시간) VAS 점수는 2.41/4.08, 0.27/1.24, 0.38/1.54이었다. 환자의 만족도는 평균적으로 8.53, 9.38, 9.40이었다. C군과 비교했을 때, A군은 유의하게 긴 완전 마취 시간(p<0.05)과 높은 수술 중, 수술 후 VAS 점수를 보였고(모두 p<0.05), B군은 유의하게 긴 완전 마취 시간(p<0.05)을 보였으나 수술 중, 수술 후에 유의한 VAS 점수 차이를 보이지 않았다(모두 p>0.05). A, B군 모두 C군과 통계적으로 유사한 만족도를 보였다(p>0.05, p>0.05). 모든 군에서 특별한 부작용은 발견되지 않았다. 결론: 하지의 국소 신경 차단술 시, 동일 용량(30 ml)하에서 0.75%뿐만 아니라 0.6% ropivacaine도 안전하고 효과적인 농도의 약물이다. 다만 완전 마취 시간이 더 길다는 점을 고려해서 수술 시작 시간을 조율해야 할 것이다. Purpose: There have only been a few studies on optimal usage of injection material in the regional nerve block for lower extremity operations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different concentrations of ropivacaine. Materials and Methods: A total of 339 patients underwent lower extremity surgery under ultrasound-guided nerve block (combined femoral and sciatic nerve block) at a Chungnam National University Hospital between March 2016 and February 2017 and were randomly assigned to three groups: Group A (0.5%, 44 ml), group B (0.6%, 30 ml), and group C (0.75%, 30 ml). The interval between nerve block procedure and onset of the complete anesthetic effect (complete anesthetic time) was investigated. The degrees of intraoperative pain, and postoperative pain were evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Patient’s satisfaction (0–10) was investigated. To evaluate the efficacy in accordance with the concentration under the same dose and same volume, group A and B were compared with group C respectively. Results: There were 108, 118, and 113, in groups A, B, and C, respectively; and there were no significant differences with respect to the number, age, sex, and type of operation (p>0.05). The mean complete anesthetic times were 78.5, 76.4, and 58.6 minutes, respectively. The mean intraoperative VAS scores were 2.04, 0.62, and 0.24; and the mean postoperative VAS scores (6 hours/12 hours) were 2.41/4.08, 0.27/1.24, and 0.38/1.54. The mean patient’s satisfactory scores were 8.53, 9.38, and 9.40, respectively. Compared with group C, group A showed significantly longer complete anesthetic time (p<0.05) and higher intra, postoperative VAS scores (all p<0.05). Group B showed longer complete anesthetic time (p<0.05), but no significant difference of intra, postoperative VAS scores (all p>0.05). Patient’s satisfactory scores in both group A and B were similar to group C (p>0.05, p>0.05). There were no specific adverse reactions in all groups. Conclusion: Ropivacaine 0.6% as well as 0.75% are safe and effective anesthetics under the same volume (30 ml) for regional nerve block of the lower extremity. However, taking into account of the longer complete anesthetic time, the operation start time must be adjusted.

영농방법에 따른 논 비점오염 배출량 모니터링 및 모델링

송정헌 ( Jung Hun Song ),강문성 ( Moon Seong Kang ),송인홍 ( Inhong Song ),이경도 ( Kyung Do Lee ),장정렬 ( Jeong Ryeol Jang ) 한국농공학회 2012 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2012 No.-

논은 지역이나 토양, 기후 특성, 오염원 종류, 관개 및 시비 등의 경작방법에 따라 배출 양상이 다양하며, 비점오염원관리를 위해서는 농경지내 발생원 관리가 가장 효과적으로 알려져 있다. 특히, 시비 방법 개선, 효율적인 물관리 등 다양한 영농방법 개선을 통한 비점오염원 발생 저감 방안 개발이 요구 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 시비 방법 개선, 효율적인 물관리에 따른 비점오염 배출량 저감효과를 모니터링 및 모델링 결과를 통해 평가하고자 한다. 화학 비료 비종에 따른 비점오염 배출량 저감효과를 평가하기 위해 국립식량과학원 벼맥류부에 시험 포장을 조성하였고, 질소 무비, 맞춤형 비료 시비, 완효성 비료 시비에 따른 비점오염 배출량을 모니터링하였다. 맞춤형 대비 완효성 비료 시비 후 질소기준비점오염 배출량이 39% 저감되는 것으로 나타났다. 시비량 및 물관리에 따른 비점오염 배출량 저감효과를 평가하기 위해서 논 비점오염모형인 CREAMS-PADDY를 이용하였고, 모형의 보정을 위하여 서울대학교 이동저수지 관개논 시험포장에서 모니터링 되고 있는 자료를 이용하였다. 모형에 적용한 영농방법 시나리오는 쌀의 수량 및 품질에 영향을 미치지 않는 범위를 선정하기 선행 연구결과를 이용하였다. 모형의 보정 결과 논물 총질소 및 총인의 결정계수는 0.95, 0.84, 모형의 효율지수는 0.95, 0.73으로 비교적 높게 나타났다. 영농방법 시나리오 적용 결과 관행시비량 대비 표준시비량 시비 시 총질소는 3∼12 %, 총인은 15∼24% 감소하는 것으로 나타났고, 관행물꼬 높이 대비 물꼬를 200mm 증가시켰을 때 18∼38 % 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 논에서의 비점오염 주요 관리인자의 상호관련성 및 배출기작을 구명하고, 비점오염배출량 저감을 위한 영농방법개선 방안 수립에 기초자료가 될 것으로 기대된다.

초음파 유도하 경피적 아킬레스건 봉합술

강동훈(Dong Hun Kang),강찬(Chan Kang),황득수(Deuk Soo Hwang),송재황(Jae Hwang Song),최보성(Bo Sung Choi) 대한정형외과학회 2018 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.53 No.6

목적: 본 연구에서는 아킬레스건 파열 시 초음파 유도하 경피적 아킬레스건 봉합술과 개방적 봉합술의 임상적 결과에 대하여 비교, 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2015년 1월부터 2017년 2월까지 아킬레스건 파열로 초음파 유도하 경피적 봉합술을 시행 받은 12예(A군)와 개방적 봉합술을 시행 받은 18예(B군)를 대상으로 하였다. Arner-Lindholm scale, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, Achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS), 수술 후 만족도(전반적/미용적)에 대한 visual analogue scale (VAS), 한쪽 발꿈치 들기 가능 시기로 임상적 평가를 하였고, 그 외 합병증에 대해 평가하였다. 결과: 각 군별 평균 Arner-Lindholm scale, AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score (A군: 92.3점/B군: 91.6점), ATRS (A군: 88.9점/B군: 87.6점), 한쪽 발꿈치 들기 가능 시기(A군: 3.75개월/B군: 3.65개월)는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으나(p=0.884, p=0.755, p=0.983, p=0.645) 수술 후 결과에 대한 전반적, 미용적 만족도는 B군(8.2/6.7)에 비해 A군(9.1/9.9)에서 유의하게 높았다(p=0.035, p=0.001). A군에서 2예의 봉합부위 신연(elongation)을 보였고, B군에서 1예의 심부 감염으로 인한 재파열과 1예의 천부 감염을 보였다. 결론: 초음파 유도하 경피적 봉합술은 개방적 봉합술과 비교할 때 비슷한 임상적 결과를 제공할 뿐 아니라 더 높은 주관적, 미용적 만족도와 함께 비복 신경 손상 등의 합병증을 최소화할 수 있는 결과를 보여 아킬레스건 파열의 치료에 있어 유용하게 고려될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes of ultrasound-guided percutaneous repair (USPR) and open repair in a ruptured Achilles tendon. Materials and Methods: The outcomes of 12 patients with USPR (group A) and 18 patients with open repair (group B) from January 2015 to February 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The postoperative clinical evaluations were performed using the Arner-Lindholm scale, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, Achilles tendon total rupture score (ATRS), and visual analogue scale for the overall satisfaction and cosmetic satisfaction with the scar, and the starting time of single heel raises. The complications were also evaluated. Results: The Arner-Lindholm scale, AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score, ATRS, starting time of single heel raises were similar in both groups (all p>0.05). Group A showed a significantly higher overall patient’s satisfaction and cosmetic satisfaction in than group B (all p<0.05). Two cases of Achilles tendon elongation were encountered in group A, and 1 case of re-rupture with deep infection and 1 case of superficial infection were experienced in group B. Conclusion: USPR showed good clinical outcomes and high satisfaction as well as a low rate of complications, such as sural nerve injury. Therefore, USPR can be considered as an effective surgical treatment option for Achilles tendon ruptures.