Application of Synthetic MRI for Direct Measurement of Magnetic Resonance Relaxation Time and Tumor Volume at Multiple Time Points after Contrast Administration: Preliminary Results in Patients with Brain Metastasis

Kang, Koung Mi,Choi, Seung Hong,Hwang, Moonjung,Yoo, Roh-Eul,Yun, Tae Jin,Kim, Ji-hoon,Sohn, Chul-Ho The Korean Society of Radiology 2018 KOREAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY Vol.19 No.4

<P><B>Objective</B></P><P>The purpose of this study was to investigate the time-dependent effects of contrast medium on multi-dynamic, multi-echo (MDME) sequence in patients with brain metastases.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>This study included 7 patients with 15 brain metastases who underwent magnetic resonance (MR) examination which included MDME sequences at 1 minute, 10 minutes and 20 minutes after contrast injection. Two volumes of interests, covering an entire tumor (whole tumor) and the enhancing portion of the tumor, were derived from post-contrast synthetic T1-weighted images. Statistical comparisons were performed for three different time delays for histogram parameters of the longitudinal relaxation rate (R<SUB>1</SUB>) and the transverse relaxation rate (R<SUB>2</SUB>), and lesion volumes.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The mean and the median of R<SUB>1</SUB> and the mean of R<SUB>2</SUB> in both the whole tumor and the inner enhancing portion were larger on the 10 minutes delayed images than on the 1 minute or 20 minutes delayed images (mean of R<SUB>1</SUB> in the whole tumor on the 1 minute, 10 minutes, and 20 minutes delayed images: 1.26 ms, 1.39 ms, and 1.37 ms; mean of R<SUB>1</SUB> in the inner enhancing portion: 1.43 ms, 1.53 ms and 1.44 ms; all <I>p</I> < 0.017). The volumes of the whole tumor and the inner enhancing portion were significantly larger in the 10 minutes and 20 minutes delayed images than on the 1 minute delayed images (all <I>p</I> < 0.017).</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Magnetic resonance relaxation times and the volumes of the whole tumor and the inner enhancing portion were measured larger on the 10 minutes or 20 minutes delayed images than on the 1 minute delayed images. The MDME sequence immediately after contrast injection cannot fully reflect the effects of gadolinium-based contrast agent leakage in the tissue.</P>

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Diffusion Tensor Imaging for Language Mapping in Brain Tumor Surgery: Validation With Direct Cortical Stimulation and Cortico–Cortical Evoked Potential

Kang Koung Mi,Kim Kyung Min,Kim In Seong,Kim Joo Hyun,Kang Ho,Ji So Young,Dho Yun-Sik,Oh Hyongmin,Park Hee-Pyoung,Seo Han Gil,Kim Sung-Min,Choi Seung Hong,Park Chul-Kee 대한영상의학회 2023 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.24 No.6

Objective: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging-derived tractography (DTI-t) contribute to the localization of language areas, but their accuracy remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of preoperative fMRI and DTI-t obtained with a simultaneous multi-slice technique using intraoperative direct cortical stimulation (DCS) or corticocortical evoked potential (CCEP) as reference standards. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 26 patients (23–74 years; male:female, 13:13) with tumors in the vicinity of Broca’s area who underwent preoperative fMRI and DTI-t. A site-by-site comparison between preoperative (fMRI and DTI-t) and intraoperative language mapping (DCS or CCEP) was performed for 226 cortical sites to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of fMRI and DTI-t for mapping Broca’s areas. For sites with positive signals on fMRI or DTI-t, the true-positive rate (TPR) was calculated based on the concordance and discordance between fMRI and DTI-t. Results: Among 226 cortical sites, DCS was performed in 100 sites and CCEP was performed in 166 sites. The specificities of fMRI and DTI-t ranged from 72.4% (63/87) to 96.8% (122/126), respectively. The sensitivities of fMRI (except for verb generation) and DTI-t were 69.2% (9/13) to 92.3% (12/13) with DCS as the reference standard, and 40.0% (16/40) or lower with CCEP as the reference standard. For sites with preoperative fMRI or DTI-t positivity (n = 82), the TPR was high when fMRI and DTI-t were concordant (81.2% and 100% using DCS and CCEP, respectively, as the reference standards) and low when fMRI and DTI-t were discordant (≤ 24.2%). Conclusion: fMRI and DTI-t are sensitive and specific for mapping Broca’s area compared with DCS and specific but insensitive compared with CCEP. A site with a positive signal on both fMRI and DTI-t represents a high probability of being an essential language area.

T1 Shortening in the Globus Pallidus after Multiple Administrations of Gadobutrol: Assessment with a Multidynamic Multiecho Sequence

Kang, Koung Mi,Choi, Seung Hong,Hwang, Moonjung,Yun, Tae Jin,Kim, Ji-hoon,Sohn, Chul-Ho Radiological Society of North America 2018 Radiology Vol. No.

<P>Conclusion: Multiple exposures to gadobutrol are associated with T1 shortening in the GP.</P>

Renal Safety of Repeated Intravascular Administrations of Iodinated or Gadolinium-Based Contrast Media within a Short Interval

Kwon Chiheon,Kang Koung Mi,Choi Young Hun,Yoo Roh-Eul,Sohn Chul-Ho,Han Seung Seok,Yoon Soon Ho 대한영상의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.22 No.9

Objective: We aimed to investigate whether repeated intravascular administration of iodinated contrast media (ICM) or gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) within a short interval was associated with an increased risk of post-contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 300 patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 68.5 ± 8.1 years; 131 male and 169 female) who had undergone at least one ICM-enhanced perfusion brain CT scan, had their baseline and follow-up serum creatinine levels available, and had not undergone additional contrast-enhanced examinations 72 hours before and after a time window of interest were included. The study population was divided into three groups: single-dose group and groups of patients who had received multiple contrast administrations in the time window of interest with the minimum contrast repeat interval either within 4 hours (0–4-hour group) or between 4 to 48 hours (4–48-hour group). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between AKI and repeated ICM administrations. A similar supplementary analysis was performed including both ICM and GBCA. Results: When ICM was only considered ignoring GBCA, among 300 patients, 207 patients received a single dose of ICM, 58 had repeated doses within 4 hours (0–4-hour group), and 35 patients had repeated doses between 4 to 48 hours (4–48-hour group). Most patients (> 95%) had a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. AKI occurred in 7.2%, 13.8%, and 8.6% of patients in the single-dose, 0–4-hour, and 4–48-hour groups, respectively. In the 0–4- hour and 4–48-hour groups, additional exposure to ICM was not associated with AKI after adjusting for comorbidities and nephrotoxic drugs (all p values > 0.05). Conclusion: Repeated intravascular administrations of ICM within a short interval did not increase the risk of AKI in our study patients suspected of acute stroke with a baseline eGFR of ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73 m2.

Assessment of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Subjects Using a Fully Automated Brain Segmentation Software

Kwon, Chiheon,Kang, Koung Mi,Byun, Min Soo,Yi, Dahyun,Song, Huijin,Lee, Ji Ye,Hwang, Inpyeong,Yoo, Roh-Eul,Yun, Tae Jin,Choi, Seung Hong,Kim, Ji-hoon,Sohn, Chul-Ho,Lee, Dong Young Korean Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2021 Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol.25 No.3

Purpose: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Brain atrophy in this disease spectrum begins in the medial temporal lobe structure, which can be recognized by magnetic resonance imaging. To overcome the unsatisfactory inter-observer reliability of visual evaluation, quantitative brain volumetry has been developed and widely investigated for the diagnosis of MCI and AD. The aim of this study was to assess the prediction accuracy of quantitative brain volumetry using a fully automated segmentation software package, NeuroQuant^®, for the diagnosis of MCI. Materials and Methods: A total of 418 subjects from the Korean Brain Aging Study for Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease cohort were included in our study. Each participant was allocated to either a cognitively normal old group (n = 285) or an MCI group (n = 133). Brain volumetric data were obtained from T1-weighted images using the NeuroQuant software package. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to investigate relevant brain regions and their prediction accuracies. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that normative percentiles of the hippocampus (P < 0.001), amygdala (P = 0.003), frontal lobe (P = 0.049), medial parietal lobe (P = 0.023), and third ventricle (P = 0.012) were independent predictive factors for MCI. In ROC analysis, normative percentiles of the hippocampus and amygdala showed fair accuracies in the diagnosis of MCI (area under the curve: 0.739 and 0.727, respectively). Conclusion: Normative percentiles of the hippocampus and amygdala provided by the fully automated segmentation software could be used for screening MCI with a reasonable post-processing time. This information might help us interpret structural MRI in patients with cognitive impairment.

알츠하이머병과 뇌소혈관질환의 연관성

Kyung Hoon Lee,Koung Mi Kang 대한영상의학회 2022 대한영상의학회지 Vol.83 No.3

뇌소혈관질환은 뇌 자기공명영상에서 흔히 관찰되는 혈관성 변화로 뇌백질 고신호강도, 뇌미세출혈, 열공성 경색, 혈관주위공간 등을 포함한다. 이러한 혈관성 변화가 알츠하이머병(Alzheimer’s disease; 이하 AD)의 발병 및 진행과 관련되어 있고, 대표 병리인 베타 아밀로이드 및 타우 단백의 침착과도 연관되어 있다는 증거들이 축적되고 있다. 혈관성 변화는 생활습관 개선이나 약물 치료를 통해 예방과 개선이 가능하기 때문에 뇌소혈관질환과 AD 및 AD 생체지표의 관련성을 연구하는 것이 중요하다. 본 종설에서는 AD와 AD 생체지표에 대해 간략히 소개하고, AD와 혈관성 변화의 관련성에 대해 축적된 증거들을 제시한 다음, 뇌소혈관질환의 병태 생리와 MR 영상 소견을 설명하고자 한다. 또 뇌소혈관질환과 AD 진단의 위험도및 AD 생체지표와의 관련성에 대한 기존 연구 결과들을 정리하고자 한다.

Study on the Actual Conditions of Non-Confident Metals for Sea foods in Busan

Sung-ah Park,Yon-koung Park,Yung-ran Na,Hyeon-jin Kim,Jung-mi Kang 한국분석과학회 2018 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.5

미용실 내부 이미지와 선호도가 고객만족도와 재방문의도에 미치는 영향

임지현 ( Ji-hyun Lim ),최부경 ( Bu-koung Choi ),배은미 ( Eun-mi Bae ),팽형연 ( Peng-xing Juan ),강재준 ( Jae-jun Kang ),한연옥 ( Yeon-ok Han ),권소희 ( So-hee Kwon ),최은경 ( Eun-kyung Choi ),박은준 ( Eun-jun Park† ) 한국미용예술경영학회 2014 미용예술경영연구 Vol.8 No.1

Amidst the fiercer business environment among corporations along with the expanding economy, corporations have focused on enhancing a strategic corporate image and reliability. It is the image of a store that can best demonstrate such a corporate image in connection with the characteristics of a service industry; therefore, this study is to review how the interior image of a beauty salon affects customer preference and satisfaction and their intention to revisit. As a result of discovering the effect of the interior image of a beauty salon on customer satisfaction and intention to revisit, the better the interior image of a beauty salon, the higher the preference, which was a positive relationship. Also, the better the interior image of a beauty salon, the more the intention to revisit, which was also a positive relationship. That is, in accordance with the interior design, subsidiary facilities, and service tools in the service industry, customers form satisfaction from the skills of the service industry and service along with a favorable impression. Meanwhile, this was discovered to result in the continued use of the service industry and positive referrals. In considering the above results, male and female customers who use a beauty salon were discovered to be affected by the subsidiary facilities and the latest service tools of a beauty salon based on the skills and service. From this, if service managers cultivate human resources equipped with skills and services that can be purchased by customers and are prepared with the subsidiary facilities of the user-friendly service industry, the beauty service industry is expected to advance into a futuristic industry prepared with a system.

Fermentation of Oak Tree Sawdust affects Peanut Sprout Growth and Fungal Microbiomes

Kibum Kim,Kisung Ko,Yang Joo Kang,Taewon Yang,Soyeon Oh,Seung-Won Lee,Moon-Soo Kim,Young Koung Lee,Mi Kyung Kim 한국원예학회 2023 원예과학기술지 Vol.41 No.1

This study demonstrated that the fermentation of oak tree sawdust increases peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seed germination, sprout biomass, and the total vigor index (TVI). The seed germination rate (0, 3.9, 30.8, and 65.4%) varied significantly among the different fermentation treatments (0, 30, 45, and 60 days, respectively). Seedlings grown in the sawdust with the 60-day fermentation period showed the highest weight (2.8 g) with the longest epicotyl with true leaves (2.5 ㎝), hypocotyls (2.4 ㎝), and roots (6.6 ㎝), consequently having the highest TVI (629.23). Seedlings grown for 0 and 30 days in fermented sawdust had the lowest TVIs (32.7 and 0, respectively). In a microbiome analysis, the fungal community varied among the different fermentation treatments, suggesting that the fungal community affects the seed germination physiology.

Application of T1 Map Information Based on Synthetic MRI for Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Imaging: A Comparison Study with the Fixed Baseline T1 Value Method

Shin Dong Jae,Choi Seung Hong,Yoo Roh-Eul,Kang Koung Mi,Yun Tae Jin,Kim Ji-Hoon,Sohn Chul-Ho,Jo Sang Won,Eun Jung Lee 대한영상의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.22 No.8

Objective: For an accurate dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI analysis, exact baseline T1 mapping is critical. The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of DCE MRI using synthetic MRI with those using fixed baseline T1 values. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 102 patients who underwent both DCE and synthetic brain MRI. Two methods were set for the baseline T1: one using the fixed value and the other using the T1 map from synthetic MRI. The volume transfer constant (Ktrans), volume of the vascular plasma space (vp), and the volume of the extravascular extracellular space (ve) were compared between the two methods. The interclass correlation coefficients and the Bland-Altman method were used to assess the reliability. Results: In normal-appearing frontal white matter (WM), the mean values of Ktrans, ve, and vp were significantly higher in the fixed value method than in the T1 map method. In the normal-appearing occipital WM, the mean values of ve and vp were significantly higher in the fixed value method. In the putamen and head of the caudate nucleus, the mean values of Ktrans, ve, and vp were significantly lower in the fixed value method. In addition, the T1 map method showed comparable interobserver agreements with the fixed baseline T1 value method. Conclusion: The T1 map method using synthetic MRI may be useful for reflecting individual differences and reliable measurements in clinical applications of DCE MRI.