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Targeted, Stimuli-Responsive, and Theranostic <sup>19</sup>F Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probes
Cho, Mi Hyeon,Shin, Soo Hyun,Park, Sang Hyun,Kadayakkara, Deepak Kana,Kim, Daehong,Choi, Yongdoo American Chemical Society 2019 Bioconjugate chemistry Vol.30 No.10
<P>Unlike conventional <SUP>1</SUP>H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), <SUP>19</SUP>F MRI features unambiguous detection of fluorine spins due to negligible background signals. Therefore, it is considered a promising noninvasive and selective imaging method for the diagnosis of cancers and other diseases. For <SUP>19</SUP>F MRI, fluorine-rich molecules such as perfluorocarbons (PFC) have been formulated into nanoemulsions and used as its tracer agent. Along with advancements in other types of nanoparticles as targeted theranostics and stimuli-triggered probes and combined with the advantages of <SUP>19</SUP>F MRI, PFC nanoemulsions are being empowered with these additional functionalities and becoming a promising theranostic platform. In this Review, we provide an overview of fluorine-based materials for sensitive <SUP>19</SUP>F MRI of biological and pathological conditions. In particular, we describe designs and applications of recently reported stimuli-responsive and theranostic <SUP>19</SUP>F MRI probes. Finally, challenges and future perspectives regarding the further development of <SUP>19</SUP>F MRI probes for their clinical applications are described.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>