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Accessory auricle: Classification according to location, protrusion pattern and body shape
Jungil Hwang,Jae Young Cho,Jin Sik Burm 대한성형외과학회 2018 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.45 No.5
Background Accessory auricles (AAs) are common congenital anomalies. We present a new classification according to location and shape, and propose a system for coding the classifications. Methods This study was conducted by reviewing the records of 502 patients who underwent surgery for AA. AAs were classified into three anatomical types: intraauricular, preauricular, and buccal. Intraauricular AAs were divided into three subtypes: intracrural, intratragal, and intralobal. Preauricular AAs were divided into five subtypes: precrural, superior pretragal, middle pretragal, inferior pretragal, and prelobal. Buccal AAs were divided into two subtypes: anterior buccal and posterior buccal. AAs were also classified according to their protrusion pattern above the surrounding surface: pedunculated, sessile, areolar, remnant, and depressed. Pedunculated and sessile AAs were subclassified as spherical, ovoid, lobed, and nodular, according to their body shape. Cartilage root presence and family history of AA were reviewed. A coding system for these classifications was also proposed. Results The total number of AAs in the 502 patients was 1,003. Among the locations, the superior pretragal subtype (27.6%) was the most common. Among the protrusion patterns and shapes, pedunculated ovoid AAs were the most common in the preauricular (27.8%) and buccal areas (28.0%), and sessile lobed AAs were the most common in the intraauricular area (48.7%). The proportion of AAs with a cartilage root was 78.4%, and 11% of patients had a family history. The most common type of preauricular AA was the superior pretragal pedunculated ovoid AA (13.2%) with a cartilage root. Conclusions This new system will serve as a guideline for classifying and coding AAs.
Cho, Byoung Hooi,Nam, Boo Hyun,Seo, Sangyeon,Kim, Jungil,An, Jinwoo,Youn, Heejung Elsevier 2019 Construction and Building Materials Vol.221 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Waterstop is a typically used waterproofing material to prevent water leakage through the joints where consecutive concrete casting is not possible during the construction of underground concrete structures. A conventional waterstop, however, frequently allows for water passage through the interface between a waterstop and concrete under a high water-pressure environment owing to a deep excavation depth and high groundwater table. An alternative solution proposed in this study is to use artificial adhesive bonding between the waterstop and concrete using double-sided adhesive tape to actively prohibit water leakage through joints under a high hydrostatic pressure. The performance of the proposed waterproofing system was experimentally evaluated and compared with the control system (without adhesive). The results indicated that the adhesive bonding type resisted water migration under the pressure head of 30 <I>m</I>, whereas the conventional waterstop could not effectively waterproof even at the pressure head of 10 <I>m</I> in the soundly constructed cementitious composite structures. In addition, the peel strength, which is the bonding strength between the adhesive tape and cementitious composite, was measured to quantify the effect of surface contamination of the waterstop on the interface bonding strength. The adhesive tape on the surface of the waterstop was “contaminated” by either or both sand and bentonite slurry for the peel strength test. The results indicate that the surface contamination of the waterstop does not induce a meaningful reduction in the bonding strength for the tested conditions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Introducing newly designed waterstop to prevent water leakage at the joints. </LI> <LI> Introducing a testing device to evaluate the waterproofing performance at the joints. </LI> <LI> Providing the waterproofing level of conventional waterstop and the newly designed one. </LI> <LI> Proving the peeling strength between adhesive tape and cementitious composite for different contamination conditions. </LI> </UL> </P>
Multihop Rate Adaptive Wireless Scalable Video Using Syndrome-Based Partial Decoding
Yongju Cho,Jungil Seo,Jungwon Kang,Hayder Radha,Jinwoo Hong 한국전자통신연구원 2010 ETRI Journal Vol.32 No.2
The overall channel capacity of a multihop wireless path drops progressively over each hop due to the cascading effect of noise and interference. Hence, without optimal rate adaptation, the video quality is expected to degrade significantly at any client located at a far-edge of an ad-hoc network. To overcome this limitation, decoding and forwarding (DF), which fully decodes codewords at each intermediate node, can be employed to provide the best video quality. However, complexity and memory usage for DF are significantly high. Consequently, we propose syndrome-based partial decoding (SPD). In the SPD framework an intermediate node partially decodes a codeword and relays the packet along with its syndromes if the packet is corrupted. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme by simulations using actual 802.11b wireless traces. The trace-driven simulations show that the proposed SPD framework, which reduces the overall processing requirements of intermediate nodes, provides reasonably high goodput when compared to simple forwarding and less complexity and memory requirements when compared to DF.