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Simulation and Quasi-Linear Theory of Whistler Anisotropy Instability
Lee, Sang-Yun,Lee, Ensang,Seough, Jungjoon,Lee, Jung-gi,Hwang, Junga,Lee, Jae-Jin,Cho, Kyung-Suk,Yoon, Peter H. American Geophysical Union 2018 Journal of geophysical research. Space physics Vol.123 No.5
<P>The whistler anisotropy (or electromagnetic electron cyclotron) instability may be operative in many geomagnetic and heliospherical environments, including the radiation belt, solar wind, and the solar corona. The present investigation carries out a comparative analysis between the two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation of weakly growing whistler anisotropy instability and the velocity moment-based two-dimensional quasi-linear theory under the assumption of bi-Maxwellian electron distribution function. It is shown that the simplified quasi-linear theory provides a qualitative agreement with the more rigorous particle-in-cell simulation, but some discrepancies are also found. Possible causes for the differences in either method are discussed, and future improvements on the theory are suggested. Potential applicability of the present finding in the context of the space and astrophysics is discussed.</P>
Sense of Place Based on Visitor’s Experiences in Public Plazas
Junga Lee,Youngchang Lee,Yumi Lee,Jinhyung Chon 전북대학교 휴양및경관계획연구소 2018 휴양및경관연구 (J East Asian Landscape Studies) Vol.12 No.1
Public plazas are open spaces commonly found in city centers that all citizens can access. They can participate in events such as community gatherings, open markets, and concerts, or use these purposely designed areas while creating a sense of place based on their perceptions of the zone and the meanings they assign to it. This study aims to understand visitors’ sense of space in the context of public plazas. To do so, we measured and analyzed visitors’ attitudes including place identity, place attachment, and place dependence, as well as their behavioral patterns, perceptions, familiarity, and satisfaction level. We selected the study sites to represent plazas in Seoul, South Korea’s capital: Gwanghwamun Plaza, Seoul Plaza, and Cheonggye Plaza, which were recently developed as a part of a host of urban renewal projects due to their historical and cultural value. We collected data using survey methods and carried out descriptive analysis, principle component analysis (PCA), the F-test, and t-tests to analyze visitors’ demographic information, behavior, perceptions, satisfaction, familiarity, and the relationships among the measured variables. The findings reveal that sense of place in public plazas might be significantly associated with visitors’ behavioral patterns in, perceptions of, satisfaction, and familiarity with public plazas. The results indicate that landscape planning in urban plazas might need further research that considers visitor views in order to create a sense of place and make such areas meaningful as landmarks.