전도도법에 의한 치환 피리딘들의 해리상수 측정과 그의 온도와 압력에 따른 영향

黃正儀,鄭倧在,金學成,尹永炷,朴義煥 慶北大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.38 No.-

Generally, pyridine and most of substituted pyridines act as base in aqueous solutions. The strengths of their basicities can be expressed quantitatively by the dissociation constant of base or its conjugated acid. Generally, the acidity of substituted pyridines can be expressed by K_a of the following reaction. ◁그림 삽입▷ (원문을 참조하세요) The dissociation constants of these subtituted pyridines have not been reported under high pressure but under atmospheric pressure. In this papers, the dissociation constants of some substituted pyridines were measured under high pressure by the conductometry. From the ionic conductivity of hydrogen ion, the dissociation constants (K_a) were calculated. The K_a values were increased with increasing temperature and were decreased with increasing presure. The charateristics of dissociation process of some substituted pyridines were deduced from the thermodynamic properties calculated from the dissociation constants.

Streptozotocin유도 당뇨병이 백서하악 절단과두 치유에 미치는 영향의 실험적 연구

황의환,이상래,홍정표,김원철 大韓口腔顎顔面 放射線學會 1994 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.24 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the remodeling process of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat's resected condyle. This experiment was performed with male Sprague-Dawly strain rats weighing approximately 250gm, which were rendered diabetic by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin(70 ㎎/㎏ body weight). After condylectomy, experimental rats were serially terminated on the 1st week, the 2nd week, the 3rd week, and the 4th week. The following termination, the mandibles were dissected out to make specimens. Each mandibular condyle was radiographed with Hitex HA-80(Hitex Co., Ltd. Japan). In addition to radiographic observation, the mandibular condyles, further decalcified and embedded in paraffin, were sectioned and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, Toluidine blue and Masson's trichrome. The were observed with a light microscope and a polarizing microscope. The results were as follows. 1.Soft X-ray radiograms revealed proliferation of bone after 1 week in both groups. Irregularly repaired bones and dense trabeculae were clearly observed in experimental group. 2.The resected condyles were repaired by intramembraneous and endochondral bone formation in both groups. 3.Bone tissue repair was initiated from the adjacent margin of resected bone, and cartilginous tissues were observed at the top of repaired one in both groups. 4.The number of osteoblasts of experimental group was small, compared with control group. Each osteoblast was small and flap. The thin trabeculae were irregularly formed. 5.Collagens of bone were gradually matured in both groups, but the degree of maturation was lower in experimental group. 6.Fibrous tissues covered the upper parts of repaired bone were densely arranged in the both groups. Conclusively, atrophied osteoblasts, immature collagen of bone, and this and irregular trabeculae which were characterized in the diabetes experimental group showed diabetes disturbed osteoblastic function and caused disturbance of remodeling process of bone.

울릉군 도동항 해변광장 조성 기본계획

황정환,윤국진 경주대학교 건설환경연구소 2005 建設環境論叢 Vol.- No.7

The seaside plaza at the Dodong-port of Ulleung-gun is cognized having characters of space. these characters are a gateway connecting to land, the image of Ulleung's symbol, cleanness as a whole and The scenery is beautiful beyond expression. But the seaside plaza be jammed up and be disordered with visitors, natives and mobiles, and then they didn't make the best use of the expressionist nature and landscape on the images of Ulleung of cleanness and pleasant. Therefore this study was to plan on the seaside plaza at the Dodong-port toward the heightening of Ulleung's symbol, identity, individuality through the presentation of images on cleanness and pleasant, and the expropriation of variety activities on the visitors and natives. The seaside plaza was designed with seven schemes those can be summarized as follows. The first was the adaptation of an existing variety outer functions and activities, the second was the efficient distribution of hard-pavements and green-fields, the third was the treatment of existing slopes and terraces, the fourth was the adaptation of the existing understructures and facilities, the fifth was the creation of nightscape for a night use, the sixth was for harmony of forms and functions like a meet, chat, rest, stroll and assembly, the last was the preparation for erecting a symbolic structure in the future.

경주 서악서원 조경식재 계획의 방향

황정환 경주대학교 2004 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

The Seoak Seowon(Confucian shrine-academy) was built by I jeong(1512~1571), the mayor of Gyeongju, to honor Genernal Gim Yu-Sin in 1563, the 18th year of Joseon King Myeongjong. This study has looked into the present condition of landscape planting in Seoak Seowon(西岳書院) in Gyeongju, and has brought forward a proposal for the right landscape planting plan, considering our ancestors' traditional ideology and the characters and symbolism of landscaping plants. The study has made the basic conception of landscape planting and the direction of the plan through literature inquiries and on-the-spot surveys, and then established concrete directions of a landscape planting plan such as basic landscape planting plans, rainwater/drainage plans, selecting species of trees, according-to-main-space landscape planting plans. The following are summarized results of study and according-to-main-space landscape planting plans. As a result of surveying the present condition of landscape planting, 16species ares the number of all the landscape flora planted inside Seoak Seowon. The according-to-main-space landscape planting plans is as follows. 1. In the space of the Ru-Sammun gate(樓三門空間), point trees are needed outside the Oe-Sammun gate(外三門) for sense of place, and pair planting(對植) method on the left and right side of the Oe-Sammum gate for a sensation of approach. 2. No planting is required around traffic lines parallel with the Oe-Sammurn gate and the Nugak(樓) pavilion for openning the space. 3. In the space of the Dangje shrine(堂劑空間), no planting is required around the buildings in order to develop space for Jangsu(蠶修) and Yusik(遊息), and enhance the diversification and aesthetic value of landscape. 4. In the space of the Nae-Sammun gate(內三空間問), a sensation of approach is emphasized as the space of Sau(祠宇-a shrine) at its entrance and the space of Yusik(遊息空間) is also formed for the Dangje shrine there. Also, the space over-surrounded so far is needed to open at the exit of the Nac-Sammum gate. 5. In the Myodang shrine(崩堂), sense of territory is emphasized, and harmony with the neighboring landscapes and the integrity and spirit of a Seonbi, a classical scholar, are symbolized. The study has proposed the following based on the results. First, different from the present random landscape planting in our Seowons, the right recommendation guidelines must be suggested after considering our ancestors' traditional values/ideology, and the characters and symbolism of landscape flora. Second, much study and financial support for this are required for establishing the framework of the right recommendation guidelines. And, first of all, planting & management programs and budget support must be considered for the sustainable(ESSD) management of our Seowons.

21세기 皇城市民公園 造成方案

황정환 경주대학교 지역개발연구소 1998 地域開發論叢 Vol.- No.1

The purpose of this study is to present a new direction fer the construction of the Hwangsung Park in the ancient city Kyongju for the 21st century. And the results of this study are as follow: 1. According to the world-wide trend, the urban development for the 21st century should be based upon the development plan for the sustainable cities or eco-cities. 2. The preservation and restoration plan for the marred traditional fordwt in this park should be made in consideration of nature. 3. The future Hwangsung Park should be constructed in consideration of nature, our culture and history, and ecology, and should be accessible and friendly to the citizens. 4. This park will be located in the heart of this ancient city and will continue to play most important role even in the 21st century. 5. The quantity of oxygen emitted from the forest of the park amounts to about 480 tons, conducive to about 1,730 citizens a year. 6. For the successful construction of the park, civilian participation, reappraisal and revaluation of the existing plan for the construction of the park, introduction of the non-government development system, a study of the internal-external space fuction in the park, and ecological consideration will be required. 7. 10 fundamentals for the gymnasium construction in gthe compound of the park are suggested with both microscopical and macroscopical care. And the modification fundamentals from the viewpoint of history-culture and environment are analyzed.

두가지 혈류 유발방법에 의한 새로운 심폐소생술(이중 혈류 유발 심폐소생술)장치의 개발

황성오,김현,조준휘,오범진,임종천,최경훈,윤정한,이승환,김영식,이강현,이윤선 大韓應急醫學會 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Background: There have been many efforts to augment blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. These efforts have focused on maximizing the effect of cardiac pump or thoracic pump alone. However, considering that the heart is the biggest blood reservoir and increase of intrathoracic pressure can generate blood flow, simultaneous exploitation of both mechanisms may have synergistic effect. We hypothesized that simultaneous chest constriction in addition to sternal compression by standard CPR may have additive hemodynamic effects by preventing deformation of the chest and increase of intrathoracic pressure. Methods and results: we built a new mechanical device to perform compression and thoracic constriction simultaneously. The device consists of two main elements. Piston in the center is to depress the sternum. Strap is to constrict the thorax circumferentially. Strap is attached to both sides of the piston. When the piston is pushed down, it depresses the sternum and pulls on the thoracic strap. To determine strap width to produce optimal hemodynamic effect, we measured hemodynamic parameters with variable widths of strap in two dogs after induction of ventricular fibrillation. Result of the experiment showed that 10cm wide strap was determined to be most effective. We also determined optimal depth of compression to produce maximal hemodynamic effect with animal experiments using two dogs. Animal experiments showed that the highest aortic pressure could be generated when the stemum was depressed to 5 cm. Cardiopulmonary resusciation using a new device could generate higher systolic aortic pressure, coronary perfusion pressure and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension in comparison with standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a pilot animal study using two dogs. Conclusion: New cardiopulmonary resuscitation method using a mechanical device designed by us could perform sternal compression and simultaneous thoracic constriction, and generate better hemodynamic effects than standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pilot animal experiments.

傳統都市 숲의 形成 背景에 관한 硏究 : 경주 황성공원 옛 숲을 중심으로

황정환 경주대학교 1996 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this study is to find out the build-up setting of the Korean traditional urban forests and to interpret it in terms of three viewpoints (historical and religious, urban planning and Fengshui(風水) theory)of build-up setting in order to find out the place-identity of the forests. A case study of this study is a traditional forest of Hwangseung Park in Kyoungju city. The historical and religious types are divided into two themes : native belief and Confucianism. Fengshui type is divided into two themes : Pibo(裨補)and Yobsung(厭勝). An effect of this paper is both to discover the place-identity of the forest and to arrange the forest to suggest the guideline to contemporary park planning for reserving historic space. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : The forests are usually located around the meaningful space in a city which worships the city-spirit of place. Especially, historical meanings are our important historic heritage and serve as enhancing the place-identity of the forest. Korean traditional urban forest serves as a conspicuous visual element that enhances the sense of place in a city, because it locates in a center and enclosing surroundings in a city. So the forest can easily be a famous place in a city. Owing to people's participation of the communal activities and the holistic experience in the forest, people not only feel it intimate. But also consider it as the identity of their community. Build-up setting of the traditional forest of Hwangseung park as a case study was affected by the in fluence of native belief and Pibo meaning of Fengshui theory. A forest of Hwangseung park in ancient Silla era have the function of protection against wind from north wind and prevention of floods at Bugchum in the north of Kyongju city.

울릉군 천부리 해안 소공원 조성계획

황정환 경주대학교 지역개발연구소 2004 地域開發論叢 Vol.- No.6

This study was attempted to establish landscape beauty, artistry, sense of place, local color and pleasantness, to offer rest and culture places for natives and visitors, and to compose settlement environments of pleasant, toward improving livelihood conditions of fishing village for the heightening of Ulleung's image as a whole, the offer of benefit, the upturn planning of sightseeing effect and the creation image of Ulleung's symbol and pleasant at the small-park on the adjacent seashore in the Ulleung-gun Chunbu-li. This plan was composed with the sight analysis, the make up direction of development, the concept of circulation system, the concept of introduction programs, facilities and activities, and the others foundation plan. This plan be expected several kinds effect, the first is improving the image of Ulleung through with promotion environment quality on Ulleung's circular road, the second is offering standard to similar development on the other sites, the others are the effects of regional environmental improvement, the balanced development of tourist attractions, the creation of regional culture and the effects of tourist dispersion in Ulleung-gun.

政府投資機關 豫算會計 制度에 관한 硏究

黃末東,박정환 慶南大學校 産業經營硏究所 1990 産業經營 Vol.13 No.-

염화아세트산들의 해리반응에 미치는 온도와 압력의 영향

황정의,정종재,박용태,지종기,박의환 慶北大學校 物理化學硏究所 1984 硏究論文集 Vol.5 No.-

The temperature and pressure dependences of the dissociation constants of mono-, di- and tri-chloroacetic acids were studied by the conductimetry in the range of 20-35℃ and 1-2500 bars. The thermodynamic parameters ΔH, ΔS, and ΔV were evaluated from the dissociation constants. The dissociation constants were increased as the temperature and pressure was increased respectively. The pressure effects can be explained by the fact that the increase of the charges of reaction species enhances the solvation of ions and reduces the reaction volume. As the more chlorines were substituted to acetic acid, the effect of pressure on the dissociation constants was decreased because of the enhanced solvation effect. From the thermodynamic data it can be estimated that there are two types of dissociation reactions. They are an enthalpy-dominated reaction and an entropy-dominated one.