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Wen-Shing Sun,Chuen-Lin Tien,Jui-Wen Pan,Tsung-Hsun Yang,Chih-Hsuan Tsuei,Yi-Han Huang 한국광학회 2013 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.17 No.5
The design of the LEDs lighting in general household illumination was proposed and compared with the fluorescent lighting in this study. Using the LED as a light source would promote energy saving lighting for household illumination purposes. We used the LightTools and DIALux software to design and simulate different standards of illuminance, different correlated color temperatures and different color rendering indices for household environments. The power consumption and efficiency of traditional illuminated light sources and an LED light source with the same standard of illuminance for lighting the household environment were analyzed and compared with each other. Finally, our results show the advantages of using white-light LEDs for lighting and household illumination.
Min-Hsiang Chuang,Yu-Shuo Tang,Jui-Yi Chen,Heng-Chih Pan,Hung-Wei Liao,Wen-Kai Chu,Chung-Yi Cheng,Vin-Cent Wu,Michael Heung 대한당뇨병학회 2024 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.48 No.2
Background: The initiation of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) typically leads to a reversible initial dip in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The implications of this phenomenon on clinical outcomes are not well-defined.Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to March 23, 2023 to identify randomized controlled trials and cohort studies comparing kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with and without initial eGFR dip after initiating SGLT2i. Pooled estimates were calculated using random-effect meta-analysis.Results: We included seven studies in our analysis, which revealed that an initial eGFR dip following the initiation of SGLT2i was associated with less annual eGFR decline (mean difference, 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.437 to 0.843) regardless of baseline eGFR. The risk of major adverse kidney events was similar between the non-dipping and dipping groups but reduced in patients with a ≤10% eGFR dip (hazard ratio [HR], 0.915; 95% CI, 0.865 to 0.967). No significant differences were observed in the composite of hospitalized heart failure and cardiovascular death (HR, 0.824; 95% CI, 0.633 to 1.074), hospitalized heart failure (HR, 1.059; 95% CI, 0.574 to 1.952), or all-cause mortality (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.589 to 1.170). The risk of serious adverse events (AEs), discontinuation of SGLT2i due to AEs, kidney-related AEs, and volume depletion were similar between the two groups. Patients with >10% eGFR dip had increased risk of hyperkalemia compared to the non-dipping group.Conclusion: Initial eGFR dip after initiating SGLT2i might be associated with less annual eGFR decline. There were no significant disparities in the risks of adverse cardiovascular outcomes between the dipping and non-dipping groups.