Biofilter Modeling for Waste Air Treatment : Comparisons of Inherent Characteristics of Biofilter Models

Lim, Kwang-Hee,Lee, Eun Ju 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.20 No.2

The types of biofilter modeling may be primarily classified in accordance with whethef a biofilm is differentiated from other phases in each model. It may be a secondary classification with regard to biofilter-modeling whether sorption volume and / or adsorption are adopted as reservoirs or not. Thirdly, biofilter models are classified as to whether adsorption is assumed to exist through gas phase and / or a biofilm. Among all the biofilter-models of previous investigators all model-components including gas phase, a biofilm, sorption volume and adsorption surface are considered only in the model of Lim. Since his model does not require a numerical solution to describe the concentration of organic pollutants in waste-ari-streams along the height of a biofilter even under unsteady-state conditions, it satisfies the condition of simplicity that is one of the important model requirements. In spite of its simplicity, Lim's model predictions are fairly good to fit Hodge and Devinny's experimental data.

Biofilter modeling integrated with Lim’s adsorption model

Eun Ju LEE,Wui Sook JEON,Hye Min YOON,Hye Jin SONG,Byeung Soo KIM,Hee Jeong KIM,Eun Jeong OH,Kwang-Hee LIM 한국생물공학회 2011 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.10

5급 와동에서 수종의 상아질 접착제에 따른 미세누출의 비교

임연희,이희주,허복 대한치과보존학회 2001 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.26 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate microleakage of six current dentin bonding systems. In this in vitro study, class V cavities were prepared on buccal and lingual surfaces of thirty extracted human molars. Each margin was on enamel and dentin/cementum. Experimental teeth were randomly divided into six groups of 5 each. Group 1 : Scotchbond Multi-Purpose ; Group 2 : Single Bond ; Group 3 : Prime&Bond NT ; Group 4 : Clearfil Liner Bond 2 ; Group 5 : MAC-Bond II ; Group 6 : One-up Bond F. The bonding agent and composite resin were applied to class V cavities according to manufacturer's directions. After thermocycling, the specimens were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin dye solution for 6 hours and sectioned longitudinally through the center of the restoration with a low speed diamond saw. The degree of microleakage was measured as the extent of dye penetration under the stereomicroscope at ×20. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. When significant differences found, multiple comparisons were made using Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results of this study were as follows : 1.In all groups, leakage value seen at the enamel margin was significantly lower than that seen at the dentin margin(P<0.001). 2.At the enamel margin, none of the dentin bonding systems used in this study showed statistically significant difference in leakage values(P<0.05). 3.At the cementum margin, group 3 showed the highest leakage value, and others were decreased as group 5, 6, 4 in that order, and group 1, 2 showed the lowest leakage value. There was statistically significant difference between group 3 and the other groups except for group 5(P<0.05).

하악의 교정용 미니 임플랜트 식립 부위에서의 피질골 두께와 치근간 거리 : 3차원으로 재구성한 CT 영상을 이용한 연구

임주은,임원희,전윤식 대한치과교정학회 2008 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.38 No.6

교정용 미니 임플랜트의 식립 부위에 대한 연구는 주로 구치부 치근사이 공간에 집중되어 왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 전치에서 구치에 이르는 치아간의 피질골 두께와 치근간 거리를 측정함으로써 교정용 미니 임플랜트 식립 시에 참고 할 수 있는 임상적 지침을 제공하는 것이다. 연구를 위해 성인 28명(남자 14명, 여자 14명)의 CT를 V-works 4.0 을 이용하여 3차원 영상으로 전환하였다. 중절치에서 제2대구치에 이르는 모든 치아 사이를 치간 접촉점을 지나면서 교합 평면에 수직이 되도록 잘라 90° 단면을 형성한 후 치조정으로부터 높이를 달리하여 0, 15, 30, 45° 의 각도를 주어 피질골의 두께를 측정하였다. 또한 치조정으로부터 2, 4, 6 mm 높이에서 교합 평면에 평행하게 잘라 90° 단면을 만든 후 치근간 거리를 측정하였다. 피질골의 두께는 전치부에서 구치부로 갈수록 두꺼워지는 경향을 보였으며, 5-6과 1-1 사이, 6-7과 1-1, 1-2, 2-3 사이에서는 유의한 차이를 보였다 (p < 0.05). 치조정으로부터 2 mm 높이를 제외한 대부분의 위치에서 각도가 증가함에 따라 피질골의 두께가 급격히 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 4 - 6 mm 높이에 식립시 30 - 45˚ 이상의 각도를 부여해야 피질골 보유량(engage 양)에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 치근간 거리 측정 결과 4-5, 5-6, 6-7 사이가 치근 손상 없이 미니 임플랜트를 식립하기에 적절한 위치라고 볼 수 있었고, 1-1과 1-2 사이는 미니 임플랜트 식립을 위한 충분한 치근간 거리를 제공하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 실험의 결과로 볼 때 피질골과 미니임플랜트의 접촉면을 증가시키기 위해서는 치조정에서 치근단부로 4와 6 mm 되는 부위에서 30˚ 또는 45˚ 로 식립하는 것이 유리할 것으로 보인다. The purpose of this study was to provide clinical guidelines to indicate the best location for mini-implants as it relates to the cortical bone thickness and root proximity. Methods: CT images from 14 men and 14 women were used to evaluate the buccal interradicular cortical bone thickness and root proximity from mesial to the central incisor to the 2nd molar. Cortical bone thickness was measured at 4 different angles including 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in cortical bone thickness between the second premolar/ first permanent molar site, central incisor/central incisor site, between the first/second permanent molar site and in the anterior region. A statistically significant difference in cortical bone thickness was also found when the angulation of placement was increased except for the 2 mm level from the alveolar crest. Interradicular spaces at the 1st/2nd premolar, 2nd premolar/1st permanent molar and 1st/2nd permanent molar sites are considered to be wide enough for mini-implant placement without root damage. Conclusions: Given the limits of this study, mini-implants for orthodontic anchorage may be well placed at the 4 and 6 mm level from the alveolar crest in the posterior region with a 30° and 45° angulation upon placement.

에탄올에 의한 Epidermal Growth Factor 수용체 결합의 변화

임희경,여의주 제주대학교 생명과학연구소 2000 제주생명과학연구 Vol.3 No.-

Ethanol interferes with the proliferation of several cell lines in vitro and in vivo. The anti-proliferative effects of ethanol have been suggested to contribute to the pathogeneses and progression of alcoholic diseases. To define the cellular and molecular mechanisms in the anti-proliferative actions of ethanol, the growth factor- induced signaling processes have been studied in various cells. Ethanol effect is different depending on whether its action is acute or chronic, the type of growth factors, and the concentration of both ethanol itself and the growth factor(s). Previously, we have reported that the growth of Swiss 3T3 cells was inhibited by ethanol in a concentration-dependent manner. A disruption of cellular proliferation might be due to an inhibitory effect of ethanol on growth factor- mediated cellular signaling systems for the mitogenic function. An ㅑnitial step of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-signaling events, tyrosine autophosphorylation of the growth factor receptors, was especially prevented by ethanol in the cell line. Since the receptor autophosphorylation is triggered by initial binding of EGF and its receptor, we further investigated the ethanol effect on [125I] EGF- binding to ㅑts receptor. Scatchard plot analysis demonstrated that [125I] EGF-binding to high-affinity states of the EGF receptor was decreased by 60%. This finding could explain the modified responses to this growth factor in Swiss 3T3 cells treated with sub- lethal concentrations of ethanol.

소속 학교별 탁구지도자의 리더십유형과 경기력의 관계

임준택,김주희 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.3

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of leadership styles on performances of table-tennis players. With a population consisting of table-tennis players in secondary schools and colleges, who are registered in the Korea Table-Tennis Association as of 2003, stratified cluster random sampling was used for sampling and thus the data of a total of 554 students-259 males and 295 females-were actually used for an analysis. This study used the leadership scale for sport, (LSS), which is a domestic adaptation and standardization by Kim Byeong-hyeon and his associates (1990) of the development by Chelladurai and Saleh, The questionnaire to measure basic background variables included three questions, sex, position, and career, and that to measure performances, included two questions, 'performances in personal competitions' and 'those in team competitions.' Researchers and assistants personally visited the students in the sample to distribute questionnaires and then collected them after answered with the self-administrated method. Among the data collected, the data with double or no answers were excluded from those for the analysis; each of encoded data was inputted in a computer and then was processed according to the purpose of analysis using the SPSS Windows 10.0 Version, a statistical program. For data analysis, this study conducted one-way ANOVA and the standard multiple regression analysis. Based on hypotheses of this study, the concrete results were as follow: First, there were significant differences in leadership styles by basic background variables (sex, position and career). Second, there were in part significant differences in performances of table-tennis players by basic background variables (sex, position and career). Third, leadership styles of each school affected performances of table-tennis players.

실험실적 당뇨성 흰쥐에서 acetaminophen의 대사에 관한 연구

임은주,윤병재,윤병재,조희숙,김대재,최종원 경성대학교 환경문제연구소 2000 環境硏報 Vol.10 No.1

Acetaminophen is one of the most important drugs used for the treatment of mild to moderate pain when an anti-inflammatory effect is not necessary. Phenacetin, a prodrug that is metabolized to acetaminophen, is more toxic than its active metabolite and has no rational indications. In this study, we were observed activities of free radical generating enzymes, free radical scavenging enzymes and glutathione-related enzymes as well as detoxification mechanism of against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in STZ-induced hyperglycemic rat. Activities of cytochrome p450, cytochrome b5, aminopyrine demethylase and aniline hydroxylase were changed by the treatment acetaminophen in hyperglycemic rats. It was also observed that activities of conjugating enzymes as sulfotransferase and UDP-glucuronyltransferase was slightly changes against acetaminophen-induced in hyperglycemic rats. Acetaminophen results in the significantly decrease in the level of hepatic glutathione concentration and √-glutamylcysteon, synthetase activities in hyperglycemic rats. And, glutathine S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly increased against acetaminophen-inducedas in hyperglycemic rats. Glutathione reductase and catalase were not affected for experimental state. Furthemore, acetaminophen highered serum alanine, aspartate aminotransferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, √-glutamylpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities in hyperglycemic rats. Key Words: Hepatotoxicity, D/M, Acetaminophen, Glutathione, Glutathlone S-transferase, √-glutamylcystein synthetase

젖산의 농도와 pH가 인공 치근 우식 병소의 형성에 미치는 영향

임유경,허복,이희주 大韓齒科保存學會 1997 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of concentration and pH of lactic acid on the formation of artificial root caries lesions formation in bovine teeth. The characterictics of artificially produced early root lesions were observed with polarized light microscope and the depth of lesions were mearsured with measuring microscope The results were as follows: 1. In the group of low pH and high concentration of lactic acid, the progress of lesion formation was faster than that of high pH and low concentration lactic acid group. 2. In the same group, initial lesion progress faster, but progression rate was reduced as time goes by. 3. In the development of initial root caries, cementum was act as a barrier to protect dentin from lesion progression.

養液濃度와 培地種類가 Black Olympia 포도나무의 生育과 果實品質에 미치는 影響

김희곤,김광수,김월수,임경호,최경주,김상철,김병삼 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 1999 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.34 No.-

본 硏究는 養液栽培時 養液濃度와 培地種類가 대립계 포도품종인 Black Olympia의 生育과 果實品質에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 하였다. 新梢長은 0.5배에서 1.5배의 양액농도에서 농도가 높을수록 길었고, 배지종류별로는 0.5배 농도에서는 밭흙과 퇴비를 1:1로 혼합한 배지에서 신초장이 길었으나 1.5배 농도에서는 오히려 짧게 나타났다. 節間長은 저농도의 양액농도에서는 밭흙과 퇴비를 혼합한 배지가 길었으나 1.5배의 고농도에서는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 각 배지에서 濃度가 높을수록 간경이 크게 나타났으며 배지종류간에는 펄라이트와 버미큘라이트 혼합배지가 밭흙과 퇴비를 혼합한 배지보다 컸으나 유의차가 없었다. 果房重은 각 배지에서 1.0배의 양액농도가 가장 무거웠으며 배지 종류간에는 밭흙과 퇴비를 혼합한 배지가 더 무거웠다. 糖度는 각 배지의 1.0배 양액농도가 높았으며 배지종류간에는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 果皮의 안토시아닌 함량은 배지별로 밭흙과 퇴비를 혼합한 배지에서 높았으며 양액농도별로는 1.0배에서 높게 나타났다. 收量은 펄라이트와 버미큘라이트를 혼합한 배지에서 양액농도가 높을수록 많았으나 밭흙과 퇴비 혼합배지에서는 1.0배의 농도에서 높게 나타났다. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of ionic strength and substrates on growth and fruit quality, and to establish fruit tree nutrient solution culture. The higher ionic strength showed the longer shoot length of grape. Among the substrates, upland soil+compost showed longer shoot length than perlite+vermiculite in 0.5 strength but shorter in 1.5 strength of Hoagland solution. Internode length was longer in upland soil+compost than in perlite+vermiculite in 0.5 strength, but there were no significance in 1.0 and 1.5 strength of Hoagland solution. Higher ionic strength and/or perlite+vermiculite of substrates showed tricker in trunk diameter than lower ionic strength and/or upland soil+compost. Cluster weight was heavier in 1.0 ionic strength than the others. Cluster weight in upland soil+compost was heavier than that of perlite+vermiculite. Soluble solids content of berry was the highest as much as 17.3。 Bx on 1.0 ionic strength of three strength, but there are no significances in substrates. Anthocyanin content of grape skin was higher in upland soil+compost than perlite+vermiculite, as well as the highest in 1.0 strength among three strengths. The higher ionic strength showed the more berry set. Each substrate showed uniformal berry set and growth. The best result in berry yields was obtained in 1.0 ionic strength with substrate of upland soil+compost in comparison to other treatments.

전자코를 이용한 마늘냄새의 감소 효과 분석

손주아,임채란,손희진,강진희,노봉수 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2007 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.19 No.-

Ths effectiveness of reduction of garlic flavor in model solution was investigated using metal oxide sensor of electronic nose. After removing garlic sample (control) it was washed by milk or casein solution. The obtained data from electronic nose were analyzed by principal component analysis. Control Sample was separated from the treatment that was washed with 1, 3, 5% casein solution by first principal component score. There is no difference between 1% casein treatment and 3% casein one. Five percent casein solution was effectively differentiated from control. It means that casein (5%) might be bound with garlic flavor. One percent green tea was effective but it was done by washing rather than binding.