김수영 시의 죽음의식 분석

김영주 숙명여자대학교 2002 숙명語文論集 Vol.4 No.-

This thesis is to study a consciousness of death in Kim Soo-Young's poems and to review Heidgger's influence on them. In Kim's works are many consciousness of death, which is a main stream of the literary world at that time. In the post-war, the existence becomes the most important matter and Kim Sao-young, who was recruited forcibly, witnesses the other's death and then explores the matter of death deeply. He understands the death as a possibility of an unique being's existence, and realizes that the life and the death coexist in the actuality, which can be understood by exploring the matter of death at first. We, as beings in the worlds, coexist with the other and have close relationship, The death exist with the life, and it is not an object of fear any more. Through the other's death, all of us are closely related to it. Kim Sao-Young emphasizes a language in order to explain the present being, the language is used as an implemental being, and also speaks by itself. A nature of language becomes words and then "the language becomes a home of existence," When the language says words and responses to them, it can be said rightly. However if there is no answer, the present existence will come to an end of its own existence. A human being says words, and he/she listens to a direction in the light of responding to the direction of the language. Therefore Kim rebukes himself for no answer to the language of freedom and justice. Because it is related with death, he cannot respond easily. The understanding about the existence can be made by the nature of language, so the existence which cannot say words is unable to be described existentially and subsistently. Kim shows the death as an ending of the life throughout his poems. The death is a possibility which the present existence can exist. As a human being's existence is based on limited sense of time, he is conscious of time. The ending of time is that of the present existence, and time has a close relationship with the life. Kim tries to explain, with the consciousness of death, a subsistent meaning-a relationship between the language and the present existence of the present existence which exists with the death -and go towards the death.

보완대체의학에 대한 간호학과 학생의 주관성 연구

박은영 ( Eun Young Park ),이은남 ( Eun Nam Lee ),강지연 ( Ji Yeon Kang ),주현옥 ( Hyeon Ok Ju ),김삼숙 ( Sam Sook Kim ),최은정 ( Eun Jung Choi ),김학선 ( Hack Sun Kim ) 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 2011 동서간호학연구지 Vol.17 No.1

보완대체의학은 건강증진과 질병예방을 위한 총체적인 접근법의 하나로 환자뿐 아니라 일반인들 사이에서도 이용률이 증가하고 있고, 교육에 있어서도 보완대체요법 관련 교과목을 의학이나 간호학의 정규 교과과정 내에 포함시키는 대학이 늘어남에 따라 미래의 건강관리 제공자인 간호학생들의 보완대체의학에 대한 인식이나 태도를 파악하는 것은 중요하다. 이에 본 연구는 Q방법론을 이용하여 보완대체의학에 대한 간호학생의 반응을 유형화하고 구체적인 특성을 파악하고자 시도되었다. 보완대체의학에 대한 간호학생의 반응은 4개로 유형화되었으며, 각 유형은 실용적 확신형, 견제형, 가치 인정형, 제한적 수용형으로 명명하였다. 각 유형의 명명에서 볼 수 있듯이 간호학생들은 인식에서 약간씩은 차이가 있지만 보완대 체의학에 대해 비교적 긍정적인 태도를 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 간호학생들이 보완대체요법에 대해 긍정적인 태도를 보였음을 보고한 Kim (2004), Kim, Erlen, Kim 과 Sok (2006), Uzun과 Tan (2004)의 연구결과와 일치한다고 할 수 있다. 제1유형은 ‘실용적 확신형’으로 보완대체요법의 효과를 단순히 인정하기보다는 실용성에 초점을 맞춘 유형이다. 보완대체요법의 문제점으로 많이 지적되는 것 중의 하나가 사람마다 효과가 다르기 때문에 일률적으로 적용하기 어렵다는 것인데, 제1유형의 대상자들은 이를 오히려 실용적인 측면으로 인식하여, 보완대체요법의 효과는 사람마다 결과가 다르게 나타날 수 있기 때문에 어떤 치료법을 일률적으로 적용하기보다는 자신한테 맞는 보완대체요법을 찾아야 한다고 인식하는 것이다. 또한 제1유형의 대상자들은 보완대체요법에 대해 효과가 없거나 의미 없는 행위이며 의학적 치료를 방해하거나 효과를 믿을 수 없다는 데는 강하게 반대를 했다. 간호학생의 보완요법에 대한 태도를 조사한 Kim (2004)의 연구에서도 보완대체요법이 엉터리 치료법이라는 데에 대해 가장 부정적인 태도를 보임으로써 본 연구결과와 일치한다. 간호학생의 주관성을 조사한 Hwang (2004)의 연구에서는 간호학생의 인식이 세 가지로 유형화되었는데 ‘긍정적 인정형’으로 명명된 사람들은 보완대체요법이 건강의 유지와 증진에 도움이 되며, 면역력을 향상시키고 심리적 지지를 제공하고 몸을 보호하며 안위를 증진시키는 것으로 인식하고, 엉터리 치료법이고 환자의 치유에 방해가 되므로 사용을 피해야 하고 과학적인 근거를 설명할 수 없으므로 신뢰할 수 없다는 데대해서는 강한 반대의 의사를 표함으로써 본 연구에서 ‘실용적 확신형’으로 명명된 대상자들과 유사한 인식양상을 보였다. 본 연구에서의 ‘실용적 확신형’의 사람은 보완대체요법에 대해 쉽게 접근할 수 있고 여러 가지 효과를 한꺼번에 기대할 수 있다는 점에서 좀 더실용적인 면을 강조한 점이 차이라고 할 수 있다. 제2유형은 ‘견제형’으로 보완대체의학의 부작용에 대한 염려와 효과에 대한 정확한 작용기전의 뒷받침을 요구하는 유형으로, Hwang (2004)의 연구에서 보완대체요법은 체계적인 검증 후에 정통적인 치료와 병행해서 사용해야 효과가 있다고 하여 ‘객관적 수용형’으로 명명한 것과 매우 유사하다. 또한 간호사를 대상으로 한Son (2002)의 연구에서 보완대체요법을 현대의학을 보완해주는 치료법으로 고려하면서 과학적인 근거를 확립하는 일이 필요하다고 제시한 것과 일치한다. Ernst (2000)도 보완대체요법을 이용하는 대상자들은 보완대체요법의 안전성과 효율성에 대해서 알고자 하며, 보완대체요법에 대해 건강관리자와 개방적으로 의사소통할 때 안정성이 확립된다고 하여 본 연구의 ‘견제형’ 유형과 유사한 것을 볼 수 있다. ‘견제형’의 사람들은 보완대체요법에 대한 효과가 사람마다 다르게 나타나므로 보완대체요법을 무조건적으로 받아들이기 이전에 임상적인 효율성에 대한 정확한 근거와 과학적인 검증에 관한 많은 연구들이 이루어져야 할 것을 강조한 유형이다. 이러한 견해는 최근 의학이나 간호학 교육에서 근거중심의 행위를 강조하고 있는 것을 반영하는 것이라 할 수 있다. 제3유형은 ‘가치 인정형’으로 보완대체의학에 대해 과학적 신뢰를 갖고 있지는 않지만 보완대체요법의 건강증진에 대한 가치를 인정하는 유형이다. 의사를 대상으로 보완대체요법의 치료 효과에 대한 태도를 분석한 Jang 과 Park (2003)의 연구에서 62.2%는 ‘설명하기는 어렵지만 보완대체요법은 효과가 있다’고 하여 작용기전에 대한 이론적 근거는 부족하지만 치료효과에 대해서는 비교적 긍정적으로 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타나 본 연구 대상자의 ‘가치 인정형’과유사한 태도를 보였다. 또한 초등학교 보건교사를 대상으로 보완대체요법의 문제점에 대한 인식을 조사한 Kim, Kim과 Cho (2007)의 연구에서 40.5%가 ‘과학적인 검증의 부족으로 치료효과가 의심된다’고 지적하였지만 학교보건실무에서 보완대체요법의 적용가능성에 대한 질문에는 72.1%가 ‘가능하다’고 하였으며, 78%가 보완대체요법의 적용이유로 ‘증상완화, 치료보조의 효과’ 때문이라고 답하여 본 연구결과와 유사한 인식을 보였다. 또한 보완대체요법 교과목을 수강한 간호학생들에게 보완대체요법의 치료적 효과에 대해조사한 Kim (2005)의 연구에서도 ‘건강유지증진을 위해 일반 대중들도 보완대체요법을 많이 적용하고 있다’에 대해 5점 만점에 3.7점으로 응답하여 비교적 긍정적 태도를 보였다. 위의 결과들을 종합해 볼 때 보완대체요법이 체계적인 지식체로 인정하기엔 과학적 근거가 부족하지만 신체의 자연 치유력과 면역력을 증가시켜 건강증진에 영향을 미친다는 본 연구의 ‘가치 인정형’과 유사하다고 할 수있다. 제4유형은 ‘제한적 수용형’으로 보완대체의학이 건강증진에 도움이 되고 심리적 안정감을 주는 여러 가지 효과가 있는 반면 부작용이 있을 수 있고 사람마다 효과가 다르게 나타날 수 있으므로 작용기전에 대한 연구도 더 필요하다고 생각하는 유형으로 무조건적으로 수용하기보다는 제한적으로 수용하는 유형이다. 대학생을 대상으로 보완대체요법의 문제점에 대한 인식을 조사한 Gwon 등(2008)의 연구에서 ‘부작용을 예측할 수 없다’가 37.7%로 가장 높았고, 23.2%가 ‘비과학적이다’라고 응답함으로써 자신에게 맞는 보완대체요법을 찾아 효과를 볼 수는 있지만 부작용에 대한 우려, 효과에 대한 객관성 부족 및 작용기전에 대한 체계적 검증의 필요성을 언급한 본 연구에서의 ‘제한적 수용형’ 대상자와 유사한 인식을 보였다. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to grasp the subjectivity of the nursing students toward CAM and put the outcomes into use as basic facts and figures in developing and applying a curriculum associated with CAM. Methods: Q methodology was employed to explore the nursing students` subjectivity from their rank-order statements. For the Q population, individual in-depth interviews and literature research were conducted. Finally, 30 participants completed 40 Q statements. The data were analyzed using the QUANL software package. Results: The current survey that probed into the subjectivity of the nursing students relative to CAM abstracted four categories, namely, practical and convinced type, keep-under-control/wait-and-see type, merit acknowledging type and limitedly accepting type. Conclusion: It is recommended that various educational programs should be developed to shift the awareness of CAM on the part of the nursing students, based on the findings set forth in the current study.

Multiple myeloma 환자에서 Bortezomib치료 후 발생한 마비성 장폐색증 1례

김준영,이원식,손창학,박성길,진한영,박석주,조영완,정은욱,강명주,박정하,주영돈 인제대학교 2006 仁濟醫學 Vol.27 No.-

Bortezomib is the first clinically available proteasome inhibitor that is clinically effective in the treatment of multiple myeloma. A proteasome inhibitor acts through multiple mechanisms to arrest tumor growth, tumor spread, and angiogenesis. The main adverse effects of bortezomib are gastrointestinal symptoms, cytopenia, fatigue, and peripheral neuropathy. To date, severe paralytic ileus has not been reported as a toxic effect of bortezomib treatment in multiple myeloma. Bortezomib is a novel agent that has only been used clinically for 30 months, so a need exists to further evaluate its toxicity. We report a case of grade Ⅲ (NCI CTCAE v3.0) or grade Ⅳ(SWOG toxicity criteria) paralytic ileus in a 65-year-old man with relapsed multiple myeloma who underwent one cycle of single-agent bortezomib treatment scheduled in a 21-day cycle (1.3 mg/㎥ as a single i.v. bolus on days 1, 4, 8, and 11).

대동맥 협착증과 동반된 출혈성 위장관 동정맥 기형에서 Estrogen-Progesterone 치료 1예

김도연,김화정,김효정,남준식,박수영,박영미,신정은,주미순,황민규,정혜경,손혜영,이선영,이한주 大韓消化器內視鏡學會 1999 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.19 No.부록2

직장 Dieulafoy 병변으로 다량의 혈변을 보인 1 예

김태영;이상헌;김지현;배영환;정은주;김승만;지삼룡;설상영 인제대학교 2011 仁濟醫學 Vol.32 No.-

Dieulafoy’s lesion is very rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, Deiulafoy’s lesion is exposure of non ulcerative, abnormally large tortuous, thick- walled artery in the muscularis mucosa through a small submucosal defect. It is usullay found on stomach antrum and lesser curvature side of the proximal body, and possibly found on any sites throughout whole gastrointestinal tract, but rarely on rectum. The principal of treating Dieulafoy’s lesion was the surgical resection of lesion, but recently remarkable advances in endoscopic technique make endoscopic approach more popular. We report a case of rectal Dieulafoy’s lesion successfully treated with endoscopic hemoclipping in an elderly female patient.

Neuroprotective effects of bovine colostrum on intracerebral hemorrhage-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death in rats

Kim, Sung Eun,Ko, Il Gyu,Shin, Mal Soon,Kim, Chang Ju,Ko, Young Gwan,Cho, Hanjin Medknow PublicationsMedia Pvt Ltd 2012 Neural regeneration research Vol.7 No.22

<P>Brain cell death after intracerebral hemorrhage may be mediated in part by an apoptotic mechanism. Colostrum is the first milk produced by mammals for their young. It plays an important role in protection and development by providing various antibodies, growth factors and nutrients, and has been used for various diseases in many countries. In the present study, we investigated the anti-apoptotic effects of bovine colostrum using organotypic hippocampal slice cultures and an intracerebral hemorrhage animal model. We performed densitometric measurements of propidium iodide uptake, a step-down avoidance task, Nissl staining, and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. The present results revealed that colostrum treatment significantly suppressed N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-induced neuronal cell death in the rat hippocampus. Moreover, colostrum treatment improved short-term memory by suppressing hemorrhage-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death and decreasing the volume of the lesion induced by intracerebral hemorrhage in the rat hippocampus. These results suggest that colostrum may have a beneficial role in recovering brain function following hemorrhagic stroke by suppressing apoptotic cell death.</P>

내시경으로 진단된 소화성 궤양의 임상적 고찰

김영건,육은주,김성걸,임의혁,성자원,김병호,허승식,이기천,정현용,이헌영 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.2

A clinical analysis was performed of 3055 pateints with peptic ulcer who were diagnosed with gastroduodenoscopy, in Hospital of Chungnam National University College of Medicine from July 1988 to May 1993. 1) During the period 1988-1993, The proportion of gastric ulcer among peptic ulcer decreased from 47.8% to 42.8%, but that of duodenal ulcer increased from 36.8% to 39.6%. 2) Of the 3055 cases, the number of patients with esophageal ulcer was 98(3.2%), with gastric ulcer 1407(41.6%), with. duodenal ulcer 1104(36.1%), with channel ulcer 149(4.9%), and with combind ulcer 297(9.7%). 3) We observed a peak incidence of peptic ulcer in the 50-69age group, gastric ulcer in the 5069age, duodenal ulcer in the 40-59age group. The ratio of male to female was 3.6 : 1 in peptic ulcer, 4.4 : 1 in gastric ulcer, 3.0 : 1 in duodenal ulcer. 4) The common site was angle in gastric ulcer, and bulb in duodenal ulcer. 5) The active stage was 39.4% of gastric ulcer, and 37.4% of duodenal ulcer, the healing stage was 34.2% of gastric ulcer, and 17.9% of duodenal ulcer, and the scar stage of gastric ulcer was 26.4%, and duodenal ulcer was 44.7%. 6) The size of ulcer was less than 1Cm in 66.7% of gastric ulcer, and in 75.5% of duodenal ulcer, the size of ulcer was greater than 2Cm in 13.2% of gastric ulcer, and in 6.5% of duodenal ulcer. 7) The frequency of multiple ulcer was 29.9% in gastric ulcer, and 16.5% in duodenal ulcer.

시설수용 아동과 일반가정 아동의 언어능력에 관한 비교 연구

김경란,김정이,김진숙,김희숙,서화숙,조현주,주숙영,최승미 연세대학교 생활과학대학 1988 婦學 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of this study was to compare the verbal ability of institutional children with that of family children. We investigated the following question: ⑴ Is there a difference in verbal ability between institutional children and family children? ⑵ Are there age and sex differences in verbal ability between 4-year-olds and 6-year-olds? The sample of this study was 32 institutional children and 32 family children, with an equal number of 4-year-olds and 6-year-olds. The instrument for measuring children's verbal ability was the Children's Verbal Ability Test developed by Jang Young-ae(1981). The data were analyzed with a three-way ANOVA. The results of this study were the following: ⑴ There was a significant main effect of early care environment on children's verbal ability. That is, family children showed a higher verbal ability score that institutional children. There was a significant three-way interaction effect between early care environment, sex, and age. The size of the effects of early institutional care varied according to sex and age. ⑵ There was a significant main effect for age. That is, 6-year-olds showed higher verbal ability than 4-year-olds. The importance of an adequate verbal environment for institutionalized children was discussed.

性別 및 年齡에 따른 體格과 體力의 特性과 變化에 關한 縱斷的 硏究Ⅱ : Emphasised on College Men of Department of Physical Education 體育專功 大學生을 中心으로

金尙國,姜東洹,張周鎬,金昇一,徐再均,金耕知,孫斗玉,鮮于攝,崔榮烈,尹宇相,金亨燉,方永鎭,朴英震,柳在忠 慶熙大學校 體育科學大學 1989 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.2

The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics, change in physique and physical function of college students majoring physical education and Taekwondo (454 males and 64 females of age groups ranging from 18 to 26). The results are as following: 1. The male group of 23yrs old in physical education showed highest values in 7 items(Weight, Chest Girth, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth, Scapular Skinfold Thickness and Suprailiac Skinfold Thickness). 2. In the Physical function, the male group of 18yrs old showed highest values in Power, Flexibility, and then 21yrs old at Back Strength, Vital Capacity, and 23yrs old at Grip Strength, and 25yrs old at Blood Pressure, respectively. 3. In the physique, the male group of 22yrs old showed highest values in Weight, Chest Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth, and then 24yrs old Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth, and 19yrs old at Height, Upper Limb Length, respectively. 4. In Physical Function, the 22yrs old showed highest values in Back Strength, Vital Capacity, and then 23yrs old at Side Step, Trunk Extension, but 18yrs old showed lower Values in Grip Strength, Side Step, Vital Capacity and Blood Pressure. 5. The female group of 22yrs old showed highest values in 8 items(Height, Sitting Height, Waist Girth, Upper Limb Length, Lower Limb Length, Skinfold Thickness), and then 18yrs old at 5 items (Weight, Upper Arm Girth, Fore Arm Girth, Thigh Girth, Calf Girth), respectively. 6. In the physical function, the 22yrs old showed highest Values in Grip strength, Back Strength, Power, 5 Minute Run, and 18yrs old at flexibility, Harvard Step Test, respectively. 7. In the change of the physique for two years(1988-1989) in the male group, majoring Physical education the 22yrs old showed increase in 4 items, and the 20yrs old in 3 items, but 18yrs old showed decrease in 3 items. 8. In the change of the physical function for two years in the male group, the 20yrs old showed increase in 4 items, and the 21, 25, 26yrs old in 3 items, but the 19yrs old showed decrease in 6 items, and 18, 22 yrs old in 5 items, respectively. 9. The change of the physique for two years in all female group, of 18, 19, 20, 21yrs old showed increase in 11 items except Skinfold Thickness. 10. In the change of physical function for two years in female group, the 18yrs old showed increase in 3 items, and then 20yrs old in 5 items, but 19, 22yrs old decreased 12 items, respectively. 11. The highest significant difference in physique between male and female was found in weight(mean Value 17.5%), and the lowest difference was found Thigh Girth, Calf Girth(1,3%), Upper Limb Length, Lower Limb Length(2.5%). 12. The Highest difference in physical function was Strength (mean Value 40%), Vital Capacity (33%), Power(22%), but Lower Trunk Flexion, Foot Balance(3.4%). 13. In the difference of Physique and physical function between physical education major and taekwondo major, the physical education showed higher values in skinfold Thickines (mean Value 16.5%), Weight, Waist Girth(4.7%) and Strength(33%), Endurance(5.6%), but subjects majoring Taekwondo showed higher values in Flexibility and Foot Balance. 14. In all male groups, Waist Girth, Scapular Skinfold Thickness, Back Strength, Sargent Jump, Trunk Extension and Diastolic Blood Pressure were showed a significantly related at 0.001 level.

호흡기 감염에서 Sparfloxacin 의 임상적 유용성에 대한 Enoxacin과의 비교 검토

김주옥,김선영,김관형,서지원,박석영,이종진,박성학 대한감염학회 1995 감염 Vol.27 No.4

목적:폐렴, 기관지염, 만성기관지염에서 fluoroquinolone제제로서 항균력이 강하고, 혈중 반감기가 길고, 객담과 조직내 농도가 높은 sparfloxacin의 안전성과 효과를 enoxacin과 비교하기 위해 본 연구를 시행 하였다. 방법:1994년 10월부터 1995년 4월까지 충남대 부속병원과 대전 성모병원에 내원한 폐렴, 급성기관지염, 만성기관지염이 급성으로 악화된 환자 63명을 대조군(32명)(enoxacin 100 mg 1일 3회 경구투여), 실험군(31명)(sparfloxacin 200mg 1일 1회 경구투여)으로 나누어 임상증상, 세균학적 객담 검사, 혈액검사, 실험실내 항균력검사로 그 치료율 및 안전성을 비교하였다. 결과: 1) 임상종합 평가, 세균학적 균소실, 안전성, 유용성에서 두군간에 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 2) 시험관내 항균력검사상 MIC가 실험군이 대조군보다 현저하게 낮았다.(p<0.05). 3) 경미한 두통, 식욕감퇴, 상복부 불쾌감, 설사등이 대조군 9예, 실험군 7예에서 발생하였고, 검사실 소견상 SGOT 혹은 SGPT 의 일시적 경미한 상승이 대조군 2명, 실험군 3명에서, 혈중 creatinine 상승이 실험군 2명에서 있었으나 경미하였다. 결론:이상의 결과로 sparfloxacin은 폐렴, 급성기관지염, 만성기관지염의 악화에서 하루 한번 투여로 enoxacin 하루 3번 투여와 유사하게 효과적이고 안전하며, 시험관내 항균력이 enoxacin보다 월등히 우수하여 임상에서도 유용하게 사용될수 있을것으로 생각된다. Background: Sparfloxacin, a new oral quinolone, has a broad spectrum, potent antimicrobial activity, prolonged half life, high concentration in sputum. The clinical efficacy and safety of sparfloxacin have been reported by some previous clinical studies performed in Japan. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the clinical and antimicrobial efficacy of this drug in respiratory tract infections compared to those of enoxacin. Methods:We performed an open controlled, randomized study in 63 patients with acute bronchitis, pneumonia, and exacerbation of chronic bronchitis at Chung Nam University hospital and Dae Jeon St. Mary's hospital from October, 1994 to April, 1995. In the control group(n=32), 100 mg enoxacin was administered orally 3 times a day and in the test group(n=31), 200 mg sparfloxacin once a day. Results: The results were as follows; 1) There were no significant differences between the two groups in clinical efficacy, bacteriological finding, and usefulness. 2) Means and SD of MICs were 0.44±0.89 ㎍/ml in the control group, 0.13±0.24 ㎍/ml in the test group. There was a significant difference in MICs between the two groups(p<0.05). 3) Headache, epigastric discomfort, and loss of appetite were observed in 7 cases of the control group and in 9 cases of the test group, and transient elevations of hepatic enzyme in 2 cases of the control group, and in 3 cases of the test group. There was mild elevation of serum creatinine in 2 cases of the test group. Those laboratory abnormalities by therapy might be associated with their underlying diseases. There were no significant adverse effects caused by the drugs Conclusion:In conclusion, sparfloxacin of 200 mg once a day was as effective and well tolerated as enoxacin of 100 mg three times per day in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. Sparfloxacin is more potent antibiotics because MICs of sparfloxacin were very lower than those of enoxacin.