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이순홍,김대인,배중돈,안광호 안양대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 自然科學硏究 Vol.7 No.-
수용성 고분자 chitosan은 폐수로부터 현탁물질을 처리하기 위한 효과적인 응집제로 유용하게 사용될 수 있다. chitosan은 충분한 양을 확보할 수 있고 무독성이며 2차 오염이 없어 응집제로서 매우 유용하다. 본 연구의 목적은 고기능성 신소재인 분자량 분획 수용성 고분자 chitosan을 분자량별로 각각 100㎎/ℓ로 제조하여 0.1wt%-kaolin 현탁액, 0.1wt%-egg albumin 제조폐수 및 두부공장폐수에 응집제로 사용하여 최적 적용 조건을 검토하였다. 모든 폐수의 응집을 위한 최적 pH는 5, 제조폐수의 응집처리 후 상등액의 투과율은 모두 95% 이상, 두부공장폐수는 약 80%의 투과율을 나타내었다. chitosan blendmer의 경우 chitosan과 CMC(100㎎/ℓ)의 혼합비가 2 : 1 일 때 응집효과가 가장 뛰어났다. Chitosan modified natural polymers can be used as an effective coagulant for the removal of suspended and dissolved solids from wastewater, and doesn't occurred secondary pollution. The present investigation was to evaluate optimum condition for treatment of suspended and dissolved solids from wastewater using plain chitosan and modified chitosan blendmer. Optimum condition for coagulating kaolin suspension, egg albumin suspension and tofu wastewater was pH 5. The highest transmittance of 0.1wt%-kaolin suspension, 0.1wt%-egg albumin suspension and tofu wastewater showed 98.4%(at Mw 800,000Cs), 96.38%(at Mw 200,000Cs) and 79.62%(at Mw 400,000Cs), respectively. In case of chitosan blendmer (CMC : Cs = 1 : 2) the highest transmittance of 0.1wt%-kaolin suspension, 0.1wt%-egg albumin suspension and tofu wastewater showed 95.94%(at Mw 800,000Cs), 95.06%(at Mw 200,000Cs) and 78.38%(at Mw 400,000Cs), respectively.
DNA methylation predicts recurrence from resected stage III proximal colon cancer
Ahn, Joong Bae,Chung, Woon Bok,Maeda, Osamu,Shin, Sang Joon,Kim, Hyun Soo,Chung, Hyun Chul,Kim, Nam Kyu,Issa, Jean‐,Pierre J. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2011 Cancer Vol.117 No.9
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>BACKGROUND:</B></P><P>In colorectal cancer (CRC), DNA methylation anomalies define distinct subgroups termed CpG island methylator phenotype 1 (CIMP1), CIMP2, and CIMP‐negative. The role of this classification in predicting recurrence and disease‐free survival (DFS) in resected stage III CRC was evaluated.</P><P><B>METHODS:</B></P><P>Sporadic cancers from 161 patients were analyzed. Bisulfite pyrosequencing was used to examine the methylation of 2 global DNA methylation markers (LINE‐1, Alu) and 9 loci (<I>MINT1, MINT2, MINT31, P16, hMLH1, P14, SFRP1</I>, SFRP2, and WNT5A). Mutations in BRAF and KRAS were assayed.</P><P><B>RESULTS:</B></P><P>Gene hypermethylation clustered in discrete groups of patients, indicating the presence of CIMP. K‐means clustering analysis identified 3 discrete subgroups: CIMP1 (n = 22, 13.7%), associated with proximal location and <I>BRAF</I> mutations; CIMP2 (n = 40, 24.8%), associated with <I>KRAS</I> mutations; and CIMP‐negative (n = 99, 61.5%), associated with distal location. In proximal CRC, CIMP1 was correlated with a higher recurrence rate (53% for CIMP1, 18% for CIMP2, and 26% for CIMP‐negative) and a worse DFS (<I>P</I> = .015). Also in proximal CRC, LINE‐1 methylation was lower in patients whose cancer recurred compared with those whose cancer did not recur (<I>P</I> = .049). In multivariate analysis, CIMP1 and low LINE1 methylation were independent prognostic factors for DFS in proximal CRC (<I>P</I> = .008 for classification by K‐means clustering analysis; <I>P</I> = .040 for LINE‐1 methylation status).</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS:</B></P><P>DNA methylation is a useful biomarker of recurrence in resected stage III proximal but not distal CRC. However, as the number of CIMP1 cases was small in distal CRC, further study is required to validate our findings. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.</P>