서울의 PPNG 발생 빈도(1991-1992)

김재홍,윤기범,박평원,김영진,전경민,김영태,김중환,곽호,구상완,송민석,유옥,지혜구,김동원,문상은,박영립,정승호,성범진,성순제,엄주용,황정열,이기홍,이주협,전태진 대한화학요법학회 1994 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The prevalence of PPNG among pretreated gonorrhea cases isolated at the STD clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul has been studied and reported annually since 1981. In 1991, 123 strains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 58(47.1%) were PPNG. In 1992, 98 starains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 51(52.0%) were PPNG. In all, 109(49.3%) strains were found to be PPNG among 221 strains isolated between 1991-1992. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul showed increased tendency till 1989, thereafter, it has been stationary or slightly decreasing.

中心壓軸力을 받는 高强度 鐵筋콘크리트 기둥의 耐力과 延性에 關한 실험적 硏究

곽노현,이영호,김남주,이경종,정헌수 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1997 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.27 No.-

A study on the behavior of short reinforced concrete columns was experimently described. Twenty-four concrete columns, with 20cm square and 60cm height, containing 8 longitudinal steel bars and different the amount of ties, spacing and concrete strengths, were subjected to concentric load by failure. Test results indicated that 1) It is incompatible in high-strength concrete to arrange stirrups to the AIK code of D/2 throughout the example of 10cm stirrup spacing following AIK codes. 2) As the amount of stirrup increased, the strength and ductily of reinforced concrete column improved. 3) As the concrete strength is high, the effect of the was reduced. 4) If strength enhancement factors increased, strain at maximum load also does and ductility ratios does almost linearliary. 5) The rate of strength enhancement factor does well with the modified kent & Park's theory. 6) As to the result of calculating the effective confined area which is suggested in Sheikh & Uzumeri's theory, the middle vertical steel is effective, only if the stirrups are arranged with spacing of 3cm.

관상 동맥 질환에서 아포 E 지단백 유전자 다형성과 혈청 지질치와의 관계

곽선영,김성구,정호석,이유경,이광희,김철현,최태명,현민수,권영주 순천향의학연구소;Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.1

Background and aims: The Apolipoprotein E is a ligand of both the protein component LDL receptor as well as the apo E LDL-Receptor related protein (LRP). It modulates the receptor binding of lipoproteins, with the apolipoprotein E found on cell surfaces as its component, thus serving an important role in the lipid metabolism by carrying out the intracellular transport of cholesterol in lipoproteins. The gene for apolipoprotein E is the product of three common genotypes as well as many more rare alleles. The common genotypes are ε2, ε3, and ε4, and are expressed in the three phenotype isoforms of E2, E3, and E4. In the event that E4 is the main component, a rise in the cholesterol level, as the result of down-regulation of the LDL receptor, is observed. Therefore, those samples with E4 genotypes are known to be in much higher risk of coronary artery disease than those with ε3/ε3, while those with ε2 are in low risk (with the exception of hypertiglyceremai Ⅲ). The aim of this study is to analyze in patients with ischemic heart disease the role of aplipoprotein E alleles in order to seek its correlation with coronary artery disease, as well as to seek whether the polymorphism of apo E produces any differences in the severity of coronary artery disease according to plasma lipid levels. Methods: The subjects for study were 273 patients admitted to the Internal Cardiology Division of the Soonchunhyang University Hospital form December 1998 to February 1999. The subjects were divided into the two groups of which one was ischemic heart disease (IHD) experiment group totaling 105 (avg.60.1 years of age, male/female ratio = 69/36) and the control group totaling 168 (avg. 59.7 years of age, male/female = 73:95). The coronary angiogram was given to 127 subjects, and of this total, 94 have developed significant stenosis in the coronary artery. The stages of the analyzing of the apo E phenotype was first, the separation of DNA from the blood samples, subjecting it to the PCR from with 228 base pairs of expanded products were obtained. The band was determined by means of the reverse hybridization principle on the nitrocellulose strip. Results: From the 105 patients the distributions of apo E phenotypes were as follows: ε3/2(5.7%), ε4/2(1.9%), ε3/3(70%), ε4/3(20%), ε4/4(1.9%). The relative frequencies of each allele are as follow: ε2 (0.038), ε3 (0.833), ε4 (0.128). The results show as follows: ⅰ) The IHD experiment group to have a higher occurrence of ε4/3 phenotypes as well as ε4 alleles than the control group. ⅱ) Both the control group and IHD group showed the largest distribution of ε3/3 for phenotypes, and ε4 for alleles. ⅲ) The IHD group showed less ε2/3 phenotypes as well as significantly less allele frequency of ε3 in comparison to the control group. ⅳ) the IHD group showed a much lower level of HDL in comparison to the control group, while the LDL was significantly higher; samples including the apo ε2 showed a significantly higher level of HDL than those without. Among the control group, samples including apo ε2 showed a significantly higher level of TG (triglyceride) than samples without. No significant difference was found between the experiment apo ε4 sample and the control plasma lipid sample. ⅴ) No significant correlation was found between an apo E polynorphism and the number of involved arteries of a coronary angiogram. Conclusion: Between the experiment IHD group and control group were found differences in the frequency of alleles. The polymorphism of apo E alleles may contribute as a risk factor to the development of heart disease by involving itself in the metabolism and modulation of plasma lipids.

도시지역 일부 고등학생들의 우울과 불안에 관한 조사 연구

곽은주,송인순,정용준,조영채 韓國保健敎育.健康增進學會 2003 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.20 No.2

This study has examined the degree of depression and anxiety among high school students in an urban area and then explored the factors influencing their depression and/or anxiety status. Self-administered questionnaires were offered to 2,381 students from ten high schools in Daejon Metropolitan City. The items for investigation included such factors as various characteristics of school and family life, daily life style, and the degree of depression and anxiety. Based on the study results, the following conclusions were made; 1. The distribution according to the depression degree has shown that 61.9% of students were normal, 32.9% of students had mild depression, 5.0% moderate depression, and 0.3% severe depression. As for anxiety, 40.2% of students were normal, while 19.1% were classified as having anxiety and 40.7% borderline anxiety. 2. As regards to the degree of depression and anxiety, it was greater in girls than boys, in 3rd graders than 1st and 2nd graders, and in the groups who have recieved lower grades in studies, who had poor relations with their friends and a low feeling of satisfaction with school life. In particular, concerning various characteristics of family life, the scores of depression and anxiety were higher in the groups whose financial conditions were poor, whose parents' interests were lower, whose degree of satisfaction with their family and school life was lower, than their counterparts. 3. According to their life styles higher scores of depression and anxiety were found in the groups whose sleeping time was inappropriate, whose breakfasts were skipped, who ate daily snacks, who didn't take regular exercises, and who had poor health habits, compared to their counterparts, respectively. 4. As for the correlation between the degree of depression and its associated variables, the higher scores of depression were in positive correlation with the groups who had lower grades in studies, poor relation with their friends, low feeling of satisfaction with school and home life, low parents' interest, poor subjective condition of health, breakfast skipping, lack of regular exercises, and lower indices of health habits. 5. As for anxiety, the higher scores of anxiety were in the positive correlation with the groups with poor relation with their friends, low feeling of satisfaction with school and family life, poor subjective condition of health, lack of regular exercises, and poor health habits. 6. The influential factors on the depression of students were selected such as subjective condition of health, sex, feeling of satisfaction with family and school life, grades in studies, relation with their friends, presence of regular exercises, degree of interest of parents, sleeping time, cigarette smoking and eating breakfast. 7. The influential factors on the anxiety state of students were selected such as subjective condition of health, feeling of satisfaction with family and school life, sex, sleeping time, regular exercises, cigarette smoking, snacking and relations with their friends. The present study results suggest that girls rather than boys, higher graders than lower ones are more vulnerable to anxiety and depression state, and besides, various characteristics of school and family life, and daily life style can be influential on students' emotional states. Therefore, better management of psychological status of students is thought to require a wide variety of measures to modify the influencing factors and to encourage social support.

ZnO:AI 과 ITO 투명전도막을 이용한 플랙시블 DSCs의 변환효율 특성

정기영,김지훈,성열문,곽동주,추영배 경성대학교 공학기술연구소 2010 공학기술연구지 Vol.16 No.-

In order to investigate the possible application of ZnO films as a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) electrode for film-typed dye sensitized solar cell(F-DSC), ZnO:Al films were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering method. The effects of gas pressure on the structural and electrical properties of ZnO films were mainly studied experimentally. F-DSC using either a ZnO:Al or indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode were also fabricated separately under the same manufacturing conditions. The electro-optical conversion efficiency and fill factor of the F-DSCs using both ZnO:Al and ITO transparent conducting electrodes were measured and compared with each other. ZnO:Al films showed the minimum resistivity of 2.6 x10^(-3)Ω-cm and a transmittance of 91.7% under the experimental conditions of doping concentration of 2 wt% of Al₂0₃ and gas pressure of 5mTorr. ITO films fabricated at 5mTorr of gas pressure also showed the minimum resistivity of 1.5x10^(-3)Ω-cm and transmittance of 92.1%. Although the electrical resistivity of ZnO:Al is higher than that of ITO, the conversion efficiency of F-DSC using ZnO:Al was comparable with that of F-DSC using ITO. The conversion efficiency of F-DSCs using ZnO:Al and ITO electrodes are about 2.8% and 2.9%, respectively.

[논문]습지 분포 수치지도 제작에 따른 GIS 모델링

박상용,곽영주,강인준 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 2004 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.63 No.-

습지는 한번 훼손되면 재생 불가능하고 그 대체물을 만들 수 없으므로 습지보전과 대책마련이 증요하다. 최근, 환경단체에서 자연습지 뿐만 아니라 산지습지에 대한 지속적인 생태적 조사와 발견이 중요하다는 인식이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 산지습원에 대한 기준점 측량방식으로 Total-Station과 GPS (Global Positioning System) 측량장비를 이용하여 정확한 위치를 규정하였고 지리정보(GIS) 기술을 활용하여 체계적으로 자료를 관리할 수 있는 표준화된 습지분포 수치지도를 제작하였다. 또한,복잡한 지도l 설계도면과 종합적 자료관리와 의사결 정 과정을 지원하기 위한 자료를 수치화 하였다.

흉부자상에 의한 심실중격결손 및 승모판 부전증 치험 1예

김범식,조순걸,곽영태,조규석,박주철,유세영 慶熙大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

A 34-year-old man was stabbed with knife in the left fourth intercostal space. He was admitted to Kyung Hee University Hospital Emergency room with Cardiac tamponade state. Through a left anterior thoracotomy, a tense hemopercardium was released. A 2㎝ wound of right ventricle was sutured with 3-0 prolein. Seven month after the injury he was readmitted for cardiac catheterization. Cardiac catheterization confirmed the presence of an interventricular septal defect in the membranous septum with left ventricle to right ventricle shunt. A laceration of the septal leflet of mitral valve was also demonstrated. The pulmonary blood flow as 1.22 times the systemic flow. A longitudinal incision was made on the right atrium on the cardiopulmonary bypass. An 1×0.5㎝ interventricular septal defect was found in the membranous septum. In order to achieve and adequate repair interventricular spetal defect and mitral insufficency. The ventricular septal defect was repaired 3-0 prolein plegeted suture with interrupted. Artifical atrial septal defect was made and the septal leflet defect(1.5㎝) was reattached with 3-0 prolein plegeted suture interrupted. The partient had and uneventful post operative recovery and was discharged the Hospital on the 24day post operative day.

Real-World National Colonoscopy Volume in Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Study over 12 Years

Jae Myung Cha,Min Seob Kwak,Hyun-Soo Kim,Su Young Kim,Sohee Park,Geun U Park,Jung Kuk Lee,Soo Jin Kim,Hun Hee Lee,Joo Sung Kim,Won Ho Kim,Big Data Research Group of the Korean Society of Gastroenterol 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2020 Gut and Liver Vol.14 No.3

Background/Aims: Little is known about the national colonoscopy volume in Asian countries. This study aimed to assess the national colonoscopy volume in Korea over a 12-year period on the basis of a nationwide population-based database. Methods: We conducted a population-based study for colonoscopy claims (14,511,158 colonoscopies performed on 13,219,781 patients) on the basis of the Korean National Health Insurance Service database from 2002 to 2013. The 12-year national colonoscopy burden was analyzed according to patient age, patient sex, and healthcare facility type. Results: The overall volume of colonoscopy increased 8-fold over the 12-year period. The annual colonoscopic polypectomy rate significantly increased in all patient sex and age groups over the 12-years period (all p<0.001). The yearly colonoscopic polypectomy rate for men was significantly increased compared with that for women (2.3% vs 1.7%, p<0.001) and for the screening-age group compared with that for the young-age group (2.0% vs 1.6%, p<0.001). The yearly colonoscopic polypectomy rate relative to the total colonoscopy volume significantly increased in primary, secondary, and tertiary facilities by 2.4%, 1.9%, and 1.4% during the 12-year period (all p<0.001). In addition, the annual colonoscopy volume covered by high-volume facilities significantly increased by 1.8% in primary healthcare facilities over the 12-year period (p<0.001). Conclusions: Healthcare resources should be prioritized to allow adequate colonoscopic capacity, especially for men, individuals in the screening-age group, and at primary healthcare facilities. Cost-effective strategies to improve the quality of colonoscopy may focus on primary healthcare facilities and high-volume facilities in Korea.

필름형 염료감응태양전지용 AZO 투명전도막의 개발

박병욱,성열문,추영배,곽동주 경성대학교 공학기술연구소 2008 공학기술연구지 Vol.15 No.-

Recently, much interest has been paid in using plastic materials for replacing glass substrates with increasing applications for large scale flexible flat panel display and flexible film-typed dye sensitized solar cell(DSCs) In particular, flexible film-typed dye sensitized solar cell(DSCs) has attracted much interest because it can be applied to a smart window, a wearable PC as a supplementary power supplier and a winter clothes In this paper ZnO:Al thin film, which serves as a transparent conducting layer, was deposited on the polyethylene terephthalate(PET) substrate by the capacitively coupled r. f. magnetron sputtering method The effect of r. f. discharge power on the morphological, electrical and optical properties of ZnO:Al thin film were studied The film deposited on the PET substrate at r. f. discharge power of above 200 W and gas pressure of 5mTorr showed the minimum resistivity of about 2×10-3 Ω-cm, a transmittance of about 87% and optical band gap of 3.56 eV.

백서 간세포 핵소체 인산단백질 B23의 진화론적인 특성 규명

이혜정,윤상인,박주인,정진숙,김영대,김정만,곽종영,김인후 동아대학교의과대학 1997 동아의대학술지 Vol.9 No.1