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Key Features in the Operation of KSTAR
Jong-Gu Kwak,Oh, Y. K.,Kim, K. P.,Kim, S. W.,Hong, S. H.,Chu, Y.,Lee, H. J.,Kim, Y. O.,Kim, J.,Park, S. L.,Hahn, S. H.,Park, M. K.,Kim, H. K.,Bak, J. G.,Bae, Y. S.,Ko, W. H.,Lee, S. G.,Lee, J. H.,Jung IEEE 2012 IEEE transactions on plasma science Vol.40 No.3
<P>The Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) device is aimed at advanced tokamak (AT) research. Three years have passed since it achieved its first plasma in 2008. Because it is a superconducting machine and is working toward AT research, it has unique features in terms of the machine engineering and operation. The toroidal field (TF) magnet coils are made of Nb<SUB>3</SUB>Sn, which provide high TFs up to 3.5 T, and have been fully tested. The poloidal field (PF) magnet coils, consisting of both Nb<SUB>3</SUB>Sn and NbTi, which have a maximum current of 25 kA in their design, were tested up to 15 kA. A thermal hydraulic analysis is being conducted for PF magnet coil operation. All plasma-facing components (PFCs) are equipped with water cooled graphite tiles and have the capability of being baked up to 350°C. A startup scenario, which considered both the effect of the ferromagnetic material in the cable in conduit conductor jacket of the magnet coils as well as a nonferromagnetic up-down asymmetry in the cryostat structure, was developed and demonstrated its effectiveness by the last two year's reliable operations. Passive stabilizers and in-vessel control coils (IVCCs) are key components to realize AT operation in KSTAR. The segmented IVCC coils were connected to form circular coils for internal vertical control in 2010, and diverted plasmas with high elongation (κ~1.8, δ>;0.6) were achieved. A neutral beam injection (NBI) system was developed aiming at 2 MW, 300 s per ion source which meets the long-pulse requirement of KSTAR. An NBI ion source with a power of 1.7 MW at 100 kV has been commissioned for 10 s. Finally, ELMy H-modes were successfully produced with 1.3-MW NBI power at a plasma current of 0.6 MA in the 2010 campaign. The first H-mode discharge (#4200) in KSTAR was achieved one year earlier than officially planned and was done at B<SUB>T</SUB> = 2 T with I<SUB>p</SUB> = 0.6 MA in a well-balanced double null configuration after boronization on the PFC. Successful operations in the early days of KSTAR including H-mode experiments revealed the capability of advanced and steady-state operation which is essential for the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) and future fusion reactors.</P>
Accumulated 2-D neutron flux distribution during KSTAR operation
Kwak, Jong-Gu,Lee, Y.S.,Lee, D.R.,Kim, C.S.,Kim, H.S.,Lee, H.J.,Shinohara, K. Elsevier 2018 Fusion engineering and design Vol.136 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Since the successful first H-mode in 2010, duration of H-mode is extended to 1 min and the highest stored plasma energy up to 0.6 MJ is obtained by developing hybrid and internal transport barrier (ITB) mode as well as typical H-mode. Major heating system is the neutral beam (NB) of 100 keV with 5.5 MW and it is planned that the new additional 6 MW NBI is installed in 2018. So there is a lot of production of fast neutrons coming from via D(d,n)<SUP>3</SUP>He reaction and it is found that most of neutrons are 2.45 MeV neutrons coming from deuterium beam plasma interaction and the total neutron fluence during a campaign could be estimated to be about 10<SUP>19</SUP>. In particular, several nickel activation samples are installed inside/outside the vacuum vessel poloidally and toroidally and the total accumulated neutron flux is estimated from 811 keV gamma emission measurement after the campaign. The results show that the neutron activation both inside and outside the vacuum vessel has toroidally non-axisymmetric distribution and it has the highest neutron flux around poloidal limiter area. Considering the prompt ion loss at nominal KSTAR operation including the high beta-p operation, prompt loss ions from 100 keV neutral ion beams hitting on three poloidal limiters was not negligible and the non-uniform distribution is discussed in term of prompt ion loss to the poloidal limiter. In addition, this work reports on the quantitative analysis of poloidal distribution of the neutron emission based on accumulated flux measurements.</P>
Kwak, Jiyong,Shim, Jin-Kyoung,Kim, Dong Seok,Lee, Ji-Hyun,Choi, Junjeong,Park, Junseong,Shin, Kyoung-Jin,Kim, Se-Hoon,Kim, Pilnam,Huh, Yong-Min,Kim, Eui Hyun,Chang, Jong Hee,Kim, Sun Ho,Kang, Seok-Gu Spandidos Publications 2016 International journal of oncology Vol.49 No.2
<P>The existence of tumorspheres (TSs) might confer treatment resistance to pineoblastoma (PB). The existence of PB TSs with cellular immortalization potential has not yet been reported. We developed a procedure for isolating TSs from recurrent PB (rPB) and tested whether their properties made them suitable for use as a patient-derived xenograft (PDX). Immunocytochemical staining, RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR showed that, among stemness proteins, CD133, musashi and podoplanin were expressed at elevated levels in rPB TSs, but nestin was not. rPB TSs cultured under neuro-glial differentiation conditions expressed TUBB3, but not GFAP, MBP or NeuN. Unlike glioblastoma TSs, rPB TSs showed no clear evidence of invasion in 3D invasion assay or increased expression of genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition. An orthotopic xenograft showed that tumor xenografts replicated the histopathological features of the patient tumor and expressed similar genome profiles, as determined by short tandem repeat genotyping. These data demonstrate the isolation and the characterization of rPB TSs for the first time. Using an orthotopic xenograft, we showed that rPB TSs could replicate the patient tumor, demonstrating their potential as a PDX for precision medicine.</P>
NiFe/Cu/NiFe/IrMn 스핀밸브 박막소자의 자화 용이축에 따른 형상 자기이방성
최종구(Jong-Gu Choi),곽태준(Tae-Joon Kwak),이상석(Sang-Suk Lee),심정택(Jung-Taek Sim) 한국자기학회 2010 韓國磁氣學會誌 Vol.20 No.2
The GMR-SV (giant magnetoresistance-spin valve) device depending on the micro patterned features according to two easy directions of longitudinal and transversal axes has been studied. The GMR-SV multilayer structure was Ta(5 ㎚)/NiFe(8 ㎚)/Cu(2.3 ㎚)/NiFe(4 ㎚)/IrMn(8 ㎚)/Ta(2.5 ㎚). The applied anisotropy direction of the GMR-SV thin film was performed under the magnitude of 300 Oe using by permanent magnet during the deposition. The size of micro patterned device was a 1 × 18 ㎛² after the photo lithography process. In the aspects of the shape magnetic anisotropy effect, there are two conditions of fabrication for GMR-SV device. Firstly, the direction of sensing current was perpendicular to the magnetic easy axis of the pinned NiFe/IrMn bilayer with the transversal direction of device. Secondly, the direction of shape magnetic anisotropy was same to the magnetic easy axis of the free NiFe layer with the longitudinal direction of device.
A New Rice Variety Adaptable to Direct Seeding with Lodging Tolerance, "Nonghobyeo"
Sang Jong Lim,Un Sang Yeo,No Bong Park,Byeong Geun Oh,Sae Jun Yang,Ho Yeong Kim,Heung Gu Hwang,You Cheon Song,Do Yeon Kwak,Jong Rae Kang,Woon Goo Ha,Jeom Sik Lee,Soon Chul Kim 한국육종학회 2003 한국육종학회지 Vol.35 No.1
Nonghobyeo', was derived from a mutant of Milyang 95, by pure line selection method, which was developed from the single cross between Chukei 1016 and Milyang 79, by the rice breeding team of National Yeongnam Agricultural Experiment Station (NYAES) in 19
터치 기반 색상 변화 저작툴과 TriCore 마이컴을 이용한 동적 LED 시스템의 설계 및 구현
정구민(Gu-Min Jeong),여종윤(Jong-Yun Yeo),곽인애(Inae Kwak),김윤진(Yoon-Jin Kim),지상훈(Sang-Hoon Ji) 한국자동차공학회 2013 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.5
Dynamic LED lighting systems become more and more important in automobile industry. One of the most important issues in dynamic LED lighting systems is how to generate color sequences for the smart car services. In this paper, we design and implement a new dynamic LED lighting system using TriCore 32-bit MCU based hardware system and an authoring tool to produce color sequences. In the presented system, a color sequence is generated from touch trajectories over a color palette. Generated sequence is transmitted to the LED device. Then the device decodes the color sequence and displays it in itself. Detailed implementation of the demonstration system using a smartphone and a LED device is presented herein and the experimental result shows that the proposed method works well.
A New High Yielding Rice Variety with Multi-resistance to Diseases "Sujinbyeo"
Sang Jong Lim,No Bong Park,Do Yeon Kwak,Heung Gu Hwang,Ho Yeong Kim,Un Sang Yeo,Sae Jun Yang,Jong Rae Kang,You Cheon Song,Jeom Sik Lee,Jae Ki Chang,Woon Goo Ha,Byeong Geun Oh 한국육종학회 2003 한국육종학회지 Vol.35 No.1
Sujinbyeo', a new mid-late maturing japonica rice variety (Oryza sativa L.), was developed by the rice breeding team of National Yeongnam Agricultural Experiment Station (NYAES) in 1999 and released in 2000. This variety originated from a three way cross