신용장거래에 있어서 Fraud Rule의 적용범위에 관한 연구

최해범,김종철 한국관세학회 2009 관세학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The fraud rule in the law governing letters of credit is a developing area. Sztejn is the landmark case in the course of the development of the fraud rule in the law of letters of credit. It has not only been codified in the UCC but also has been cited with approval outside the United States throughout the common law world. Nowadays unlike the ICC rules, the UNCITRAL Convention have provided the fraud rule. A letter of credit transaction is a multi-transaction arrangement. So when a letter of credit fraud case comes before a court, this raises the question of where attention may be directed in determining whether or not fraud is involved. There are controversy in the application of fraud rule. The purpose of this paper is to analysis the scope of locus the fraud rule. At first the controversy in the United States came from the confusion caused by different interpretation of the previous version of UCC Article 5, s5-114(2). But this controversy was resolved by the revised UCC Article 5 which included fraud in the underlying transaction within the scope of fraud under fraud rule. The purpose of this paper is to study about the application scope of the fraud rule in international trade by letters credit.

간척지 중염답에서 유수형성기 염처리에 따른 벼 생육 및 수량 변화

최원영,이규성,고종철,김상수,김태수 한국국제농업개발학회 2003 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.15 No.3

본 연구는 새계화벼를 공시하여 간척지 중염답(0.3~0.4%)에서 관개수 염농도에 따른 생육 및 수량성을 검토하고자 유수형성기에 5일간 염수를 처리하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 관개수 염분농도가 높을수록 벼 출수는 1~2일 지연되었고, 출수기 지상부건물중은 가벼워졌다. 2. 간장과 수장은 관개수 염분농도가 높을수록 짧아졌다. 3. 관개수 염분농도가 높을수록 수당 립수가 적어 ㎡당 립수가 적었으며, 등숙비율이 낮고 현미 천립중이 가벼워, 쌀 수량은 민물 관개(무처리)의 330㎏/10a에 비해 관개수 염분농도 0.1%는 94%, 0.3%는 85%, 0.5%는 76%, 0.7%는 71%의 수량을 얻었다. 4. 관개수 염분농도가 높을수록 완전립 비율은 낮아졌다. 따라서 간척지에서 중염도 토양(0.3~0.4%)에서 벼를 재배하여 유수형성기에 한발이 닥쳐 저류지 등 염분 농도 0.7%의 물로 5일간 담수하여도 쌀 수량은 29% 정도 감수되고 쌀의 품위도 저하되지만 어느 정도 수량은 얻을 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. This experiment was conducted at the Kyehwado Substation of the National Honam Agricultural Experiment Station(NHAES) RDA, Korea. The experimental field contained 0.38% NaCl in soil solution. The experiment was involved five treatments (control, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7%) in a randomized complete block design with three replicates, saline solution was applied only one time at panicle formation stage for 5 days. Saegyehwabyeo, a japonica rice variety was used in this experiment. In yield components, Spikelets number per ㎡ decreased with increasing salinity level, particularly in the 0.7% of saline solution water. This factor affected the most yield reduction among the components. The percentage of ripened grain was inclined to decrease with increasing salinity level. 1,000 grain weight decreased with increasing salinity level but it was lest affected by salinity among yield components. The reduction of milled rice yield decreased significantly with increased saline water level, in detail 6% of yield reduction at the 0.1% saline solution, 15% at the 0.3%, 24% at the 0.5%, and 29% at the 0.7% saline solution level compared with control respectively. Results indicate that the gaining of rice yield could be reliable performance in terms of economical benefit for rice production even though high reduction of yield occurred at high salinity levels on a reclaimed saline soil in Korea.

중추에서 Prostaglandin계가 Renin-angiotensin System에 미치는 영향

최영태,김종승,문성호,오형균,김재훈,전제열,염철호,윤평진 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1997 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.22 No.1

Role of prostaglandins on the renin-angiotensin system in the central nervous system was examined in normotensive and 2-kidney, 1 clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats. The experiment was done under thiopental (50 ㎎/㎏, IP) anesthesia. Captopril and indomethacin were injected into the right lateral cerebral ventricle. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded from the femoral artery. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) captopril (1 ㎎) caused a decrease in mean arterial pressure in both normotensive and 2K1C hypertensive rats. The depressor response to captopril was more sensitive in hyper-tensive rats than in normotensive rats. Indomethacin treatment (ICV, 200 ㎎) altered the depressor response to captopril neither in normotensive nor in hypertensive rats. These results suggest that the cardiovascular effect of renin-angiotensin system in the central nervous system may not be mediated via prostaglandin systems in normotensive and 2KlC hypertensive rats.

추적조사를 중심으로 한 腰椎間板脫出症에 대한 蜈蚣藥鍼의 臨床的 硏究

최회강,소기숙,고강훈,박소영,김성남,이종덕,원경숙,문형철,김성철 大韓鍼灸學會 2003 대한침구의학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Objective : This study is performed for the purpose of examining the efficacy of the scolopendrid(Scolopendra morsitans L) which has been to low back pain as a folk remedy. Methods & Results : Seventy patints with H.I.V.D. treated with the scolopendrid aquacupuncture and examined 4 tests; D.I.T.I., physical test, Oswestry disability index, and self-conscious pain rate were studied. And we follow up after discharge, we evaluated the present state and recovery period. Or we evaluated by herniated type and duration of onset. There was 58~97% of efficacy rate in each tests. Moreover, statistically valuable change in all 7D.I.T.I. points and in disability index and in self-conscious pain rate was showed. Conclusion : The scolopendrid aquacupuncture is possible to be effective terating the H.I.V.D patients. so we suggest the possibility using this new remedy to the H.I.V.D. patients.

개에서 발생한 이혈종의 임상적 관리

이우철,윤기영,서경원,최호정,정성목,송근호,조종기,박성준 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 附設 動物醫科學硏究所 2012 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.19 No.1

A 14-year-old male pomeranian was present with swollen left ear. The swelling occurred from base to apex of pinna. Otitis externa persisted for two years. Hematological and serum biochemistry values were not remarkable. The surgery treatment was the most appropriate method among indwelling drain, surgical, and steroid treatment in the aural hematoma because the dog was very sensitive to touching pinna and the size of aural hematoma. Longitudinal incision was applied after general anesthesia. Cefovecin was injected to prevent secondary infection. The outcome of surgery was good. There was no evidence of recurrence for one year.

Bipolar release와 Z-Plasty를 이용한 선천적 사경증의 치험례

최재선,이정삼,김건중,정종철,민흥기 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1996 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.18 No.3

Congenital muscular torticollis(CMT) is a disorder characterized by shortening of at least one of the cervical muscles and tilting of the head to opposite side. The most commonly affected muscle is the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Pathogenesis and etiology of congenital muscular torticollis were not clearly identified, but considered as fetal malposition, birth trauma, vascular accident, heredity, infection and CNS pathology. Untreated congenital muscular torticollis often causes facial asymmetry and This is the rasult of tensional rotation of the face toward affected side. So early treatment may prevent facial and neck asymmetry and limitation of neck movement. There are many treatment methods in CMT, including conservative and operative method, but presently Bipolar release and Z-Plasty of SCM muscle has been introduced when the conservative treatment had failed. The benefits of this method are to preservation of the normal Neck V-contour and improvement of the neck motion. We treated CMT using Bipolar release and Z-plasty in two patients. After that the patients improved on the range of neck motion and maintained the normal V-conture of the neck, so we report two cases of CMT with literatures.

위암의 위벽침윤정도의 평가 : 나선형전산화단층촬영과 복부초음파의 비교 Comparison of Spiral CT and Transabdominal Ultrasound

최종철,남경진,구봉식 동아대학교의과대학 1997 동아의대학술지 Vol.9 No.1

지하철 배열이용 가능량에 관한 연구

김종열,김보철,김경철,최광환,금종수 동의공업대학 1998 論文集 Vol.24 No.1

Research on unused energy continues due to the limits of fossil fuel and the destruction of the environment. Therefore this study was performed as follows. The collectable amount of exhausted heat for an air-conditioning was calculated by the subway thermal environment prediction program. And the electric power needed by conventional heat source equipment was compared with one by unused heat source equipment when the exhausted heat was used by heat pump in heating and hot water supply. The results are summarized as follows 1. Forced ventilation should be conducted to keep optimal temperature in the subway tunnel in summer as well as in winter. According to the simulation, the temperature in tunnel was higher than that on the ground in summer when the forced ventilation was conducted only in the winter. 2. Ventilating time should be calculated out to the optimal condition for not only the saving power of the ventilation fan but reusing exhausted heat. By the simulation, it is certain that the exhausted heat should be eliminated in air-conditioning time. 3. The use of the exhausted heat source heat pump could save 8% of electric power per hour in comparison with existing heat pump. This was based on a present heat generation and traffic for ventilating time of general air-conditioning, but could be different by ventilating time. 4. As the traffic increases up to 1.5 or 2 times, electric power consumption of the conventional heat pump increases to 11% or 13.5% per mean hour in comparison with that of the exhausted heat source heat pump, though all-day ventilation.

국내 주요 상수원수와 처리수에서 HAAs 생성 특성

염철민,최유식,변석종,조순행,윤제용 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the haloacetic acid (HAAs) formation characteristics in raw and treated water in Korea. The raw and treated water from the five major rivers were examined to measure the HAAs concentrations and compared those with literature values. Major findings are as follows. First, average HAAs concentration of treated water (collected from three water treatment plants) in Korea appeared to be 62.5±66.7㎍/L (n=7) and this level is higher than the average trihalomethanes (THMs) concentration (13.2±12.9㎍/L, n=6933) reported recently. Second, the average formation potential of TCAA and DCAA after three days was found as 103±74㎍/L (n=14) and 76±36㎍/L (n=14), respectively. As this result was applied to US-EPA developed model equation for TCAA and DCAA formation, dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Korea has a tendency to produce more TCAA and DCAA as compared to US. This phenomenon was especially notable in DCAA. The sum of weight percentage of TCAA and DCAA which are individual component of HAAS was composed of 80% of HAAs.

태양열 이용 냉난방 공조시스템 중 재생기의 하계 재생 능력에 관한 연구

김보철,최광환,금종수,김경철,김종렬 동의공업대학 1998 論文集 Vol.24 No.1

The humidity control is conducted not only for industrial applications but also for domestic ones. High humidity is a factor causing discomfort, thus the importance of using a LiCl(Lithium Chloride) solution has been recognized in recent years in connection with the high quality of goods to be manufactured. as well as cleanliness in a special environment against air pollution and environmental protection. This paper will examine the solar energy regenerator as a part of an open cycle solar energy absorption system for dehumidifying and drying purposes using LiCl solution. An outdoor experiment was done to find out how much could be regenerated in summer. It was found that regeneration rate was about 10kg/day at best in August, and about 5kg/day in September.