Unified Molding and Simulation for Nano-structured Tungsten Carbide

Park Seong-Jin,Johnson John L.,German Randall M. 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1

Nano-structured tungsten carbide compacts with cobalt matrices (WC-Co) offer new opportunities for achieving superior hardness and toughness combinations. A unified modeling and simulation tool has been developed to produce maps of sintering pathways from nanocrystalline WC powder to sintered nano-structured WC-Co compacts. This tool includes (1) die compaction, (2) grain growth, (3) densification, (4) sensitivity analysis, and (5) optimization. All material parameters were obtained by curve fitting based on results with two WC-Co powders. Critical processing parameters are determined based on sensitivity analysis and are optimized to minimize grain size with high density.

Haraldiophyllum hawaiiense sp. nov. (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta): a new mesophotic genus record for the Hawaiian Islands

Paiano, Monica O.,Huisman, John M.,Cabrera, Feresa P.,Spalding, Heather L.,Kosaki, Randall K.,Sherwood, Alison R. The Korean Society of Phycology 2020 ALGAE Vol.35 No.4

Haraldiophyllum hawaiiense sp. nov. is described as a new mesophotic alga and a new genus record for the Hawaiian Islands. Six specimens were collected at a depth range of 81-93 m from Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, and their morphology investigated, as well as molecular phylogenetic analyses of the plastidial ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase large-subunit (rbcL) gene and a concatenated alignment of rbcL and nuclear large-subunit rRNA gene (LSU) sequences. Phylogenetic analyses supported H. hawaiiense sp. nov. as a distinct lineage within the genus Haraldiophyllum, and sister to a large clade containing the type species, H. bonnemaisonii, as well as H. crispatum and an undescribed European specimen. The six Hawaiian specimens were shown to be identical, but unique among other species of the genus as well as the recently segregated genus Neoharaldiophyllum, which comprises half of the species previously included in Haraldiophyllum. The vegetative morphology of H. hawaiiense sp. nov. resembles Neoharaldiophyllum udoense (formerly H. udoensis); however, no female or post-fertilization structures were found in the Hawaiian specimens to allow a more comprehensive comparison. The molecular phylogenies demonstrate that Haraldiophyllum is paraphyletic, suggesting either that the Myriogrammeae tribe includes undescribed genera, including Haraldiophyllum sensu stricto, or that Neoharaldiophyllum species should be transferred into the genus Haraldiophyllum. However, based on vegetative morphology and molecular analyses, and pending resolution of this taxonomic issue, the Hawaiian specimens are placed within the genus Haraldiophyllum. This new record for the Hawaiian Islands highlights the novel biodiversity from mesophotic depths, reaffirming the need for further investigation into the biodiversity of Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems.

The Use of Parathyroid 4D-MRI in Localizing Ectopic Parathyroid Glands in Renal Hyperparathyroidism

Coste Marine,Lin Ann,Grenier John-Paul,Owen Randall,Pawha Puneet S,Taye Aida 대한내분비외과학회 2023 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.23 No.3

Renal hyperparathyroidism (RHPT), seen in the setting of end stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with four gland hyperplasia. If refractory to medical management, patients are referred for surgical evaluation for parathyroidectomy. Ectopic parathyroid glands are more common in patients with RHPT and can be found in 26%–46% of patients, sometimes representing a diagnostic imaging challenge. If not accurately distinguished on imaging, they may not be found during neck exploration, which could result in recurrent disease or failure to obtain surgical cure. Different imaging modalities such as ultrasound, 99m-technetium sestamibi scan, or dynamic contrast-enhanced parathyroid computed tomography scan are available to attempt localization of parathyroid glands prior to surgery to help direct surgical exploration. More recently, dynamic, contrast-enhanced parathyroid magnetic resonance imaging (4D-MRI) has been shown to be a useful alternative imaging modality, particularly in patients with ESRD avoiding the use of iodinated contrast. Here we report two cases of ectopic parathyroid glands detected using 4D-MRI in the setting of parathyroidectomy for RHPT. Patient A is a 35-year-old female with a history of ESRD secondary to nephrotic syndrome whose 4th parathyroid gland was identified on 4D-MRI in the right inferior pole of the thyroid. Patient B is a 42-year-old male with a history of ESRD secondary to membranous nephropathy who had a parathyroid lesion identified on 4D-MRI near the left common carotid artery. In both cases, 4D-MRI proved to be a useful tool for localization of the missing parathyroid gland.

Development of Nano-Tungsten-Copper Powder and PM Processes

Lee Seong,Noh Joon-Woong,Kwon Young-Sam,Chung Seong-Taek,Johnson John L.,Park Seong-Jin,German Randall M. 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1

Thermal management technology is a critical element in all new chip generations, caused by a power multiplication combined with a size reduction. A heat sink, mounted on a base plate, requires the use of special materials possessing both high thermal conductivity (TC) and a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) that matches semiconductor materials as well as certain packaging ceramics. In this study, nano tungsten coated copper powder has been developed with a wide range of compositions, 90W-10Cu to 10W-90Cu. Powder technologies were used to make samples to evaluate density, TC, and CTE. Measured TC lies among theoretical values predicted by several existing models.

Automated atomically precise lithography over multiple length scales for complete nanodevice fabrication

James OWEN,Joshua BALLARD,Scott SCHMUCKER,Ehud FUCHS,John RANDALL,James VON EHR,Bjorn PIGLOSIEWICZ 한국진공학회 2016 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2016 No.8

Spatial and temporal trends in food security during the COVID-19 pandemic in Asia Pacific countries: India, Indonesia, Myanmar, and Vietnam

Kang Yunhee,Prihartono Indira,Kim Sanghyo,Kim Subin,Lee Soomin,Spadoni Randall,McCormack John,Wetzler Erica 한국영양학회 2024 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.18 No.1

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The economic recession caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic disproportionately affected poor and vulnerable populations globally. Better uunderstanding of vulnerability to shocks in food supply and demand in the Asia Pacific region is needed. SUBJECTS/METHODS Using secondary data from rapid assessment surveys during the pandemic response (n = 10,420 in mid-2020; n = 6,004 in mid-2021) in India, Indonesia, Myanmar, and Vietnam, this study examined the risk factors for reported income reduction or job loss in mid-2021 and the temporal trend in food security status (household food availability, and market availability and affordability of essential items) from mid-2020 to mid-2021. RESULTS The proportion of job loss/reduced household income was highest in India (60.4%) and lowest in Indonesia (39.0%). Urban residence (odds ratio [OR] range, 2.20-4.11; countries with significant results only), female respondents (OR range, 1.40–1.69), engagement in daily waged labor (OR range, 1.54–1.68), and running a small trade/business (OR range, 1.66–2.71) were significantly associated with income reduction or job loss in three out of 4 countries (all P < 0.05). Food stock availability increased significantly in 2021 compared to 2020 in all four countries (OR range, 1.91–4.45) (all P < 0.05). Availability of all essential items at markets increased in India (OR range, 1.45–3.99) but decreased for basic foods, hygiene items, and medicine in Vietnam (OR range, 0.81–0.86) in 2021 compared to 2020 (all P < 0.05). In 2021, the affordability of all essential items significantly improved in India (OR range, 1.18–3.49) while the affordability of rent, health care, and loans deteriorated in Indonesia (OR range, 0.23–0.71) when compared to 2020 (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Long-term social protection programs need to be carefully designed and implemented to address food insecurity among vulnerable groups, considering each country’s market conditions, consumer food purchasing behaviors, and financial support capacity. BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The economic recession caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic disproportionately affected poor and vulnerable populations globally. Better uunderstanding of vulnerability to shocks in food supply and demand in the Asia Pacific region is needed. SUBJECTS/METHODS Using secondary data from rapid assessment surveys during the pandemic response (n = 10,420 in mid-2020; n = 6,004 in mid-2021) in India, Indonesia, Myanmar, and Vietnam, this study examined the risk factors for reported income reduction or job loss in mid-2021 and the temporal trend in food security status (household food availability, and market availability and affordability of essential items) from mid-2020 to mid-2021. RESULTS The proportion of job loss/reduced household income was highest in India (60.4%) and lowest in Indonesia (39.0%). Urban residence (odds ratio [OR] range, 2.20-4.11; countries with significant results only), female respondents (OR range, 1.40–1.69), engagement in daily waged labor (OR range, 1.54–1.68), and running a small trade/business (OR range, 1.66–2.71) were significantly associated with income reduction or job loss in three out of 4 countries (all P < 0.05). Food stock availability increased significantly in 2021 compared to 2020 in all four countries (OR range, 1.91–4.45) (all P < 0.05). Availability of all essential items at markets increased in India (OR range, 1.45–3.99) but decreased for basic foods, hygiene items, and medicine in Vietnam (OR range, 0.81–0.86) in 2021 compared to 2020 (all P < 0.05). In 2021, the affordability of all essential items significantly improved in India (OR range, 1.18–3.49) while the affordability of rent, health care, and loans deteriorated in Indonesia (OR range, 0.23–0.71) when compared to 2020 (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Long-term social protection programs need to be carefully designed and implemented to address food insecurity among vulnerable groups, considering each country’s market conditions, consumer food purchasing behaviors, and financial support capacity.

Z-FA-FMK as a novel potent inhibitor of reovirus pathogenesis and oncolysis in vivo.

Kim, Manbok,Hansen, Kristina K,Davis, Lesley,van Marle, Guido,Gill, Michael John,Fox, Julie D,Hollenberg, Morley D,Rancourt, Derrick E,Lee, Patrick W K,Yun, Chae-Ok,Johnston, Randal N International Medical Press 2010 ANTIVIRAL THERAPY Vol.15 No.6

<P>BACKGROUND: Respiratory enteric orphan (reo)virus is a promising oncolytic viral candidate. Reoviral anticancer therapy is currently undergoing multiple clinical trials targeting various human cancers; however, there is no effective reoviral inhibitor that can be used to block unwanted reovirus replication during reoviral anticancer therapy. METHODS: Studies were conducted with transformed or normal cells in vitro and in vivo to characterize viral replication in the presence or absence of chemical inhibitors. RESULTS: We have identified a protease inhibitor that is very effective in the inhibition of viral replication. The dipeptide benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Ala-fluoromethyl ketone (Z-FA-FMK) effectively inhibited reovirus replication in a susceptible host and cured cells of a persistent infection with reovirus in vitro. Electron microscopic analysis of Z-FA-FMK-treated cells revealed that internalized reovirus virions, retained in a perinuclear localization, no longer undergo further processing into viral factories following Z-FA-FMK treatment, suggesting that Z-FA-FMK specifically affects a reovirus virion maturation step. Animal studies showed that reovirus infection of Ras oncogenic tumours and host heart tissues is completely blocked by Z-FA-FMK treatment in severe combined immunodeficiency mice. CONCLUSIONS: Z-FA-FMK is a very effective viral inhibitor that can prevent reovirus replication in vitro and reovirus-mediated myocarditis, as well as reovirus-mediated oncolysis, in vivo. A potential application of this drug for inhibition of reovirus infection is suggested.</P>