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- 저자 : John M. Stuart (검색결과 2 건)
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Xiao Wen He,John M. Stuart,Linda K. Myers,Andrew H. Kang 대한류마티스학회 2002 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.9 No.1
Collagen induced arthritis (CIA) is an animal model that in many ways resembles rheumatoid arthritis (RA). CIA can be induced in susceptible animals by immunization with type II collagen (CII). Like RA, CIA is characterized by intense joint inflammation and destruction. On histological examination, there is synovitis accompanied by erosion of cartilage and subchondral bone. Autoantibodies to CII initiate joint inflammation by binding to articular cartilage, forming antigen-antibody complexes locally and activating hemolytic complement. Susceptibility to CIA in mice is linked to the expression of specific class II MHC molecules, which dictate the T cell determinants on CII, and therefore, the subsets of T cells that can be activated by CII. In addition to activation of B cells reactive to CII, the T cells stimulate monocytes/macrophages. These cells amplify the inflammatory cascade by secretion of proinflammatory monokines, including TNF-α and IL-1, leading to the production of other proinflammatory proteins, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The importance of CIA lies in its possible relationship to arthritis in humans. Progress in understanding CIA has contributed to the development of new therapies for RA. In addition, it has been found that mice with human HLA-DR1, DR4 and HLA-DQ8 transgenes, which have been demonstrated to be the susceptibility markers for RA, confer susceptibility to CIA. These observations coupled with the finding of T cells and B cells reactive with CII in the inflamed joints of RA patients establish the potential role of CII autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of RA.
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Elie Massaad,Muhamed Hadzipasic,Ali Kiapour,Asad M. Lak,Ganesh Shankar,Hasan A. Zaidi,Stuart H. Hershman,John H. Shin 대한척추신경외과학회 2021 Neurospine Vol.18 No.3
Objective: Adult cervical deformity (ACD) is a debilitating spinal condition that causes significant pain, neurologic dysfunction, and functional impairment. Surgery is often performed to correct cervical alignment, but the optimal amount of correction required to improve patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are not yet well-defined. Methods: A review of the literature was performed and Fisher z-transformation (Zr) was used to pool the correlation coefficients between alignment parameters and PROs. The strength of correlation was defined according to the following: poor (0<r≤0.3), fair (0.3<r≤0.5), moderate (0.5<r≤0.8), and strong (0.8<r≤1). Results: Increased C2–7 sagittal vertical axis was fairly associated with increased Neck Disability Index (NDI) (pooled Zr=0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.03 to 0.58). Changes in T1 slope minus cervical lordosis poorly correlated with NDI (pooled Zr=-0.04; 95% CI, -0.23 to 0.30). Increased C7–S1 was poorly associated with worse EuroQoL 5-Dimension (pooled Zr=-0.22; 95% CI, -0.36 to -0.06). Correction of horizontal gaze did not correlate with legacy metrics. Modified Japanese Orthopedic Association correlated with C2-slope, C7–S1, and C2–S1. Conclusion: Spinal alignment parameters variably correlated with improved health-related quality of life and myelopathy after corrective surgery for ACD. Further studies evaluating legacy PROs, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement System, and ACD specific instruments are needed for further validation.
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