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Syntactic Differences of Plurality Markers
Joh,Yoon-kyoung 한국영미어문학회 2011 영미어문학 Vol.- No.98
There are two crucial syntactic differences found among plurality markers. Dependent plurals and anti-quantifiers work at the phrasal level as opposed to ordinary plurals that apply to the lexical level. More specifically, ordinary plurals are adjoined to the X level while anti-quantifiers attach to the full-fledged XP level. Dependent plurals, however, have the in-between status syntactically and combine with the X'-structure. Another difference is found between ordinary plurals and dependent plurals, on the one hand, and anti-quantifiers, on the other, in the respect that the former is a morpheme while the latter is a phrase that can take its own complement. These different statuses seem to account for why plural forms are intrinsically ambiguous whereas anti-quantifiers are unambiguously more expressive in their semantics as well as in their syntax than ordinary plurals and dependent plurals.
Yoon-kyoung Joh 서울대학교 언어교육원 2020 語學硏究 Vol.56 No.1
This paper claims that adorning materials in middles can commonly be translated into adverbials since modality, negation, and focus can all be expressed using various types of adverbials. Through the analytical lens that views middle constructions as distributivity constructions that are essentially reduced to plurality, this common property among adorning materials in middles is highly interesting. Thus, this paper accounts for the adorning materials in middles in Joh’s (2016) analysis, which treats adverbials in middles as one of distributivity’s core arguments. This paper also discusses how adverbials that are implicitly inserted in middle sentences can be conditioned. To answer this question, this paper relies on the differentiating effect that Sohn (2003) examined, extending the previously proposed unexpectedness condition.
Jo, H.,Hwang, D.,Kim, J.K.,Lim, Y.H. Pergamon ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2017 Food and chemical toxicology Vol.108 No.1
Strengthening intestinal tight junctions (TJ) provides an effective barrier from the external environment and is important for recovery from inflammatory bowel disease. Oxyresveratrol (OXY), an isomer of hydroxylated resveratrol, is isolated from many plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of OXY on intestinal TJ and to elucidate the mechanism underlying the OXY-mediated increase in TJ integrity in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. OXY-treated Caco-2 cell monolayers showed decreased monolayer permeability as evaluated by paracellular transport assay. The results showed that OXY significantly increased the levels of TJ-related genes and proteins (Claudin-1, Occludin and ZO-1) compared with those of the negative control. OXY activated protein kinase C (PKC) and increased expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) genes. OXY also increased gene and protein levels of the transcription factor Cdx-2. Expression levels of TJ, PKC and Cdx-2 proteins and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value decreased in OXY-treated Caco-2 cells following treatment with a pan-PKC inhibitor compared with those of the untreated control. In conclusion, OXY strengthens the integrity of the intestinal TJ barrier via activation of the PKC and MAPK pathways.
Application of whole‐exome sequencing for detecting copy number variants in CMT1A/HNPP
Jo, H.‐,Y.,Park, M.‐,H.,Woo, H.‐,M.,Han, M.H.,Kim, B.‐,Y.,Choi, B.‐,O.,Chung, K.W.,Koo, S.K. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2016 Clinical genetics Vol.90 No.2
<P>Large insertions and deletions (indels), including copy number variations (CNVs), are commonly seen in many diseases. Standard approaches for indel detection rely on well‐established methods such as qPCR or short tandem repeat (STR) markers. Recently, a number of tools for CNV detection based on next‐generation sequencing (NGS) data have also been developed; however, use of these methods is limited. Here, we used whole‐exome sequencing (WES) in patients previously diagnosed with CMT1A or HNPP using STR markers to evaluate the ability of WES to improve the clinical diagnosis. Patients were evaluated utilizing three CNV detection tools including CONIFER, ExomeCNV and CEQer, and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). We identified a breakpoint region at 17p11.2‐p12 in patients with CMT1A and HNPP. CNV detection levels were similar in both 6 Gb (mean read depth = 80×) and 17 Gb (mean read depth = 190×) data. Taken together, these data suggest that 6 Gb WES data are sufficient to reveal the genetic causes of various diseases and can be used to estimate single mutations, indels, and CNVs simultaneously. Furthermore, our data strongly indicate that CNV detection by NGS is a rapid and cost‐effective method for clinical diagnosis of genetically heterogeneous disorders such as CMT neuropathy.</P>
Dual aptamer-functionalized silica nanoparticles for the highly sensitive detection of breast cancer
Jo, H.,Her, J.,Ban, C. Elsevier Applied Science 2015 Biosensors & bioelectronics Vol.71 No.-
In this study, we synthesized dual aptamer-modified silica nanoparticles that simultaneously target two types of breast cancer cells: the mucin 1 (MUC1)(+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)(+) cell lines. Dual aptamer system enables a broad diagnosis for breast cancer in comparison with the single aptamer system. The dye-doped silica nanoparticles offer great stability with respect to photobleaching and enable the accurate quantification of breast cancer cells. The morphological and spectroscopic characteristics of the designed Dual-SiNPs were demonstrated via diverse methods such as DLS, zeta potential measurements, UV-vis spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Negatively charged Dual-SiNPs with a homogeneous size distribution showed robust and strong fluorescence. In addition, Dual-SiNPs did not affect cell viability, implying that this probe might be readily available for use in an in vivo system. Through ratio optimization of the MUC1 and HER2 aptamers, the binding capacities of the Dual-SiNPs to both cell lines were maximized. Based on Dual-SiNPs, a highly sensitive quantification of breast cancer cells was performed, resulting in a detection limit of 1cell/100μL, which is significantly lower compared with those reported in other studies. Moreover, the developed detection platform displayed high selectivity for only the MUC1(+) and HER2(+) cell lines. It is expected that this valuable diagnostic probe will be a noteworthy platform for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.
Jo, H.,Choi, H.,Choi, M.K.,Song, N.,Kim, J.H.,Oh, J.W.,Seo, K.,Seo, H.G.,Chun, T.,Kim, T.H.,Park, C. Academic Press 2012 Virology Vol.422 No.2
Pooled genomic DNA from 10 dogs was subjected to polymerase chain reaction with primers targeting the retroviral pro/pol region. Sequence analysis of 120 clones obtained by PCR revealed 81 of retroviral origin. Subsequent analysis of the dog genome (CanFam 2.0) by BLAST investigation using degenerate PCR products and previously identified retroviral sequences permitted the identification of additional retroviral γ and β sequences. A phylogenetic analysis using the retroviral protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) sequences in the dog genome resulted in identification of 17 γ and 7 β families. In addition, we also identified 167 spuma-like ERV elements from CanFam 2.0 based on sequence homology to murine (Mu)ERV-L and human (H)ERV-L. Our results could contribute to the understanding of the influence of retroviruses in shaping the genome structure and altering gene expression by providing quantitative and locational information of ERV loci and their diversity in the dog genome.
Jo, H.,Han, S.,Park, J.,Choi, M.,Han, S.H.,Jeong, T.,Lee, S.Y.,Kwak, J.H.,Jung, Y.H.,Kim, I.S. Pergamon Press 2016 Tetrahedron Vol.72 No.4
<P>The rhodium(III)-catalyzed mild and site-selective C-H allylation of 2-arylbenzo[d]thiazoles and 2-arylbenzo[d]oxazoles with allylic phosphonates and allylic carbonates is described. This transformation provides an efficient construction of C2-allylated, crotylated and prenylated 2-arylbenzo[d] thiazoles and 2-arylbenzo[d]oxazoles. In addition, this protocol can be applied to the formation of 2-arylbenzo[d]thiazole scaffolds containing an allylic alcohol group by using of 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one and vinyl oxirane as coupling partners. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>