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      • GI-XRD studies on surface structure of ultrafine Ti(C<sub>0.5</sub>N<sub>0.5</sub>)-WC-Ni cermets at high temperature

        Joardar, J.,Kim, S.W.,Kang, Shinhoo Elsevier 2006 Wear: An international journal on the science and Vol.261 No.3

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Influence of coarse and ultrafine particle size of Ti(C<SUB>0.5</SUB>N<SUB>0.5</SUB>) on the high-temperature stability of various Ti(C<SUB>0.5</SUB>N<SUB>0.5</SUB>)-WC-Ni cermets under oxidizing atmosphere were compared. The evolved surface microstructure was correlated to the wear performance of the cermet exposed to similar thermophysical conditions. Investigation by glancing incidence X-ray diffraction revealed a considerable fraction of TiO<SUB>2</SUB>, TiC and TiN in the near surface layer of the cermet heat treated at ∼873K. Ultrafine cermets showed good high-temperature wear resistance, which was ascribed to the homogenous distribution of the ultrafine hard phase grains along with high total hard phase content of ∼82–85vol.%. Comparable wear performance in coarse cermets with 5 and 15wt.% WC was also observed in spite of a low total hard phase content (66–72vol.%), which was attributed to the high TiN in the surface. The presence of high amount of NiO (∼22vol.%) and low Ni in the surface layer of WC-rich (25wt.%) coarse grade cermet contributed to its poor high-temperature wear resistance</P>

      • Nanocrystalline silver supported on activated carbon matrix from hydrosol: antibacterial mechanism under prolonged incubation conditions.

        Pal, Sukdeb,Tak, Yu Kyung,Joardar, J,Kim, Wook,Lee, Jong Eun,Han, Myun Soo,Song, Joon Myong American Scientific Publishers 2009 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.9 No.3

        <P>Nanocrystalline Silver-supported activated carbon (AC) was fabricated by directly loading silver nanoparticles into the porous AC matrix from a preformed nanosilver hydrosol. Silver-AC composites were also synthesized using a conventional thermal impregnation method. While XRD calculation indicated the presence of Ag crystallites in nanometer range, silver nanoparticle hydrosol-treated AC having the finest crystallite size CS (< 14.4 nm), SEM images clearly revealed that Ag crystals coalesced significantly with increasing temperature resulting in much larger particle size in thermally impregnated silver-AC composities. To clarify the antibacterial mechanism of silver nanoparticles impregnated into AC under prolonged incubation conditions the antibacterial activity was investigated against Gram-negative Escherichia coli. The kinetics of bacterial inactivation, in presence of hydroxyl radical (*OH) scavengers, and superoxide anion radical (*O2-) inducer suggest the contribution of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) to antibacterial effect. However, these ROS scavengers did not show any inhibition of bactericidal activity after approximately 1 h, suggesting that generated ROS are responsible for E. coli inactivation only during the initial 1 h of the incubation time. This study clearly indicates the plausible implication of eluted Ag+ as major lethal species responsible for the E. coli inactivation over extended process time. The antibacterial process was found to be highly promoted at higher temperature which was ascribed to the enhanced ROS formation and Ag+ elution at higher temperature. SEM images revealed considerable differences in the morphology of E. coli cells contacting with the virgin AC and that contacting with silver-supported AC. The strong antibacterial ability of formaldehyde-modified silver-supported AC further provided the indirect evidences for catalytic oxidation by ROS, and for the synergistic antibacterial effects of nanocrystalline silver and adsorbed formaldehyde. Comparison of the antibacterial activities of the silver-supported materials prepared by silver colloid deposition and by conventional thermal impregnation technique indicates that former is more efficient in controlling microorganism.</P>

      • SCIESCOPUSKCI등재

        Role of Dietary Zinc as a Nutritional Immunomodulator

        Goswami, T.K.,Bhar, R.,Jadhav, S.E.,Joardar, S.N.,Ram, G.C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.3

        Zinc is ubiquitous in all living cells. Structural and catalytic properties of cellular enzymes are zinc dependent. Zinc deficiency leads to a variety of pathological abnormalities with immune impairment. It is an established fact that nutritional status contributes to overall immune response of individuals. Outcome of zinc deficiency on immune system is so drastic that it is difficult to conceive at the first instance. Zinc supplementation has been advocated to prevent diarrheal disease in children with poor nutritional status. The bioavailability of zinc depends upon its sources. Moreover it varies between monogastrics and ruminants. Controversy still prevails between inorganic and organic sources of zinc with respect to their superiority in bioavailability. Zinc exerts immunostimulatory effects in various laboratory and farm animals. Animals having congenital zinc deficiency diseases like A46 lethal trait usually die due to impairment of the immune system unless treated with zinc. The immune mechanism of zinc and its effect on animals and man are discussed. Zinc has been considered as extremely safe at higher therapeutic doses, but does not provide any beneficial effect but rather may cause immunosuppression. More recently, zinc has been prescribed for immunodeficient hosts, to modulate the immune system so that to a certain extent it can combat against opportunistic pathogens.

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