Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of Anaplasma spp. in sheep and goats from six provinces of China

Yan Zhang,Yali Lv,Feifei Zhang,Wenjing Zhang,Jinhong Wang,Yanyan Cui,Rongjun Wang,Fuchun Jian,Longxian Zhang,Changshen Ning 대한수의학회 2016 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.17 No.4

Members of the genus Anaplasma are important emerging tick-borne pathogens in both humans and animals in tropical and subtropical areas. Here, we investigated the presence of Anaplasma spp. in 621 sheep and 710 goats from six provinces of China. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and DNA sequencing were conducted to determine the prevalence of Anaplasma (A.) phagocytophilum, A. ovis and A. bovis targetingthe 16S ribosomal RNA or the major surface protein 4 gene. PCR revealed Anaplasma in 39.0% (240/621) of sheep and 45.5% (323/710)of goats. The most frequently detected species was A. ovis (88/621, 14.2% for sheep; 129/710, 18.2% for goats), followed by A. bovis (60/621,9.7% for sheep; 74/710, 10.4% for goats) and A. phagocytophilum (33/621, 5.3% for sheep; 15/710, 2.1% for goats). Additionally, eight sheepand 20 goats were found to be infected with three pathogens simultaneously. DNA sequencing confirmed the presence of these three Anaplasmaspecies in the investigated areas, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that there was geographic segregation to a certain extent, as well as arelationship between the host and cluster of A. ovis. The results of the present study provide valuable data that helps understand theepidemiology of anaplasmosis in ruminants from China.

The in-situ TEM isothermal aging evolution in a μ-Cu/NiAu/Sn/Cu solder joint for full intermetallic compounds interconnects of flexible electronics

Jinhong Liu,Xinyi Jing,Jieshi Chen,Kyung‑Wook Paik,Peng He,Shuye Zhang 대한금속·재료학회 2024 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.20 No.3

A structure composed of various Cu–Ni–Sn IMCs would develop from severe Joule heat and excessive elemental diff usionunder high-density current in the solder joints of fl exible printed circuit (FPC). Herein, we fi rstly observed the evolution ofa Cu 6 Sn 5 + Cu 3 Sn/(Ni,Cu) 3 Sn 4 hybrid structure in a μ-Cu/NiAu/Sn/Cu solder joint for full intermetallic compounds (IMCs)interconnect of fl exible electronics under isothermal aging condition by in-situ TEM. The joint was divided into two regions,the IMC type on the right region remained unchanged with dwell time prolonging, while the ratio of Cu 3 Sn on the left regionat various dwell times fi tted the JMAK model when the kinetic parameter n picked 1.5, indicating that grain boundary diff usionwas the predominant mechanism for transporting Cu atoms. The nucleation and growth of Cu 3 Sn grains were fi nishedin the Cu 6 Sn 5 layer. The nucleation of a Cu 3 Sn grain with a spherical cap shape was fi rstly captured by HRTEM, and Cu 3 Sngrains underwent a transformation from columnar to equiaxed when the dwell time was increased, making the morphologyof Cu 3 Sn grains in a μ-Cu/NiAu/Sn/Cu solder joint signifi cantly diff erent from the situation in larger solder joints. This studyis expected to provide an in-depth study of the microstructural evolution of micro Cu/NiAu/Sn/Cu solder joints under agingcondition and thereby expand their application in the microelectronic industry.

Nanodrug Delivery Systems in Antitumor Immunotherapy

Zishuo Guo,Jinhong Ye,Xuehao Cheng,Tieshan Wang,Yi Zhang,Kaili Yang,Shouying Du,Pengyue Li 한국생체재료학회 2024 생체재료학회지 Vol.28 No.00

Cancer has become one of the most important factors threatening human health, and the global cancer burden has been increasing rapidly. Immunotherapy has become another clinical research hotspot after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy because of its high efficiency and tumor metastasis prevention. However, problems such as lower immune response rate and immune-related adverse reaction in the clinical application of immunotherapy need to be urgently solved. With the development of nanodrug delivery systems, various nanocarrier materials have been used in the research of antitumor immunotherapy with encouraging therapeutic results. In this review, we mainly summarized the combination of nanodrug delivery systems and immunotherapy from the following 4 aspects: (a) nanodrug delivery systems combined with cytokine therapy to improve cytokines delivery in vivo; (b) nanodrug delivery systems provided a suitable platform for the combination of immune checkpoint blockade therapy with other tumor treatments; (c) nanodrug delivery systems helped deliver antigens and adjuvants for tumor vaccines to enhance immune effects; and (d) nanodrug delivery systems improved tumor treatment efficiency and reduced toxicity for adoptive cell therapy. Nanomaterials chosen by researchers to construct nanodrug delivery systems and their function were also introduced in detail. Finally, we discussed the current challenges and future prospects in combining nanodrug delivery systems with immunotherapy.

Ketogenic Diet in Infants with Early-Onset Epileptic Encephalopathy and SCN2A Mutation

Xiaoyu Tian,Yange Zhang,Jinhong Zhang,Yan Lu,Xinyi Men,Xiuxia Wang 연세대학교의과대학 2021 Yonsei medical journal Vol.62 No.4

Research has shown mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene SCN2A to be associated with developmental delaysand infantile seizures in patients with early-onset epileptic encephalopathies (EOEEs). Here, we report the case of an infant witha de novo SCN2A mutation with EOEE who had medically refractory seizures that improved with a ketogenic diet (KD) implementedat an age less than 2 months. On the day of his birth, the infant presented with a pattern of convulsions with dozens ofepisodes per day. An initial video electroencephalogram revealed poor reactivity of background activity, with multiple partial episodesstarting from the right temporal region, and abnormal electrical activity in the right hemisphere. The seizures previouslywere not controlled with successive therapy with phenobarbital, topiramate, and levetiracetam. Genetic testing revealed the presenceof a mutation in the SCN2A gene (c.4425C>G, p.Asn1475Lys). The infant’s seizures decreased significantly with a combinationof KD and medication. The present case exemplifies the potential for personalized genomics in identifying the etiology of anillness. Furthermore, the KD appears to feasible in infants younger than 2 months and might elicit good responses to EOEE associatedwith SCN2A mutation.

Preparation and Investigation of Epoxy Syntactic Foam (Epoxy/Graphite Reinforced Hollow Epoxy Macrosphere/Hollow Glass Microsphere Composite)

Xinfeng Wu,Bo Tang,Jinhong Yu,Xiao Cao,Chongyin Zhang,Yonggen Lv 한국섬유공학회 2018 Fibers and polymers Vol.19 No.1

Graphite reinforced hollow epoxy macrospheres (GR-HEMS) and hollow glass microspheres (HGMS) were used to prepare three phase epoxy syntactic foam (ESF) using “molding method”, and the physical and mechanical properties of ESF were also studied and investigated. An innovative “rolling ball method” was implemented in the GR-HEMS preparationprocess. The performance tests show that higher GR-HEMS stacking volume fraction, lower GR-HEMS thickness, higher GR-HEMS diameter, higher HGMS volume fraction, lower HGMS density are beneficial to reducing the density of ESF, but the effects of the five factors on the strength of ESF are the opposite. Therefore, in order to obtain “high strength and low density” ESF composites, the various factors should be considered to achieve a balance of the strength and the density. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows that the “rolling ball method” can make graphite form a graphite spherical x-y network throughout the macrosphere wall, which can make GR-HEMS and ESF have great compressive strength. The ESF (450 kg/m3, 20.75 MPa) can withstand the 2075 meters water pressure and provide 550 kg/m3 buoyancy, which can givesome advice to the preparation of buoyancy material used in deepwater oil exploration.

Adjustable and extensible hexagonal acoustic metamaterial cell combining multiple parallel Helmholtz resonators with optional apertures

Fei Yang,Shaohua Bi,Xinmin Shen,Xiaocui Yang,Xinqing Wang,Xiangpo Zhang,Jinhong Xue,Xiaonan Zhang,Qin Yin,Juying Dai,Wenqiang Peng,Jingwei Zhu,Junhong Ren 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.12

To prevent noise pollution, a hexagonal acoustic metamaterial cell combining multiple parallel Helmholtz resonators with optional apertures is proposed. There were 6 trapezoidal chambers and 6 triangular chambers, and each front panel had 6 different apertures, which meant that there were 6 12 = 2176782336 possible permutations. The distribution of sound pressures obtained by acoustic finite element simulation revealed the acoustic absorption mechanism, which provided effective guidance to alter the absorption capacity. For certain scenarios, the acoustic absorption performance was optimized by the joint combination of artificial neural network and acoustic finite element simulation. Through manufacturing and testing the sample, actual average acoustic absorption coefficients were achieved at 0.6733, 0.7296, 0.8785 and 0.7065 for the target frequency ranges 350-950 Hz, 400-1000 Hz, 500-800 Hz and 350-700 Hz, respectively, with total thickness 40 mm. The tunable acoustic absorption property proved that the hexagonal acoustic metamaterial cell was appropriate for noise reduction with variable frequency ranges.

HCV-Specific Interleukin-21+CD4+ T Cells Responses Associated with Viral Control through the Modulation of HCV-Specific CD8+ T Cells Function in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients

Guo-Hua Feng,Fu-Sheng Wang,Ji-Yuan Zhang,Qing-Lei Zeng,Lei Jin,Junliang Fu,Bin Yang,Ying Sun,Tianjun Jiang,Xiangsheng Xu,Zheng Zhang,Jinhong Yuan,Liyuan Wu 한국분자세포생물학회 2013 Molecules and cells Vol.36 No.4

Interleukin-21 (IL-21)+CD4+ T cells are involved in the immune response against hepatitis B virus (HBV) by secreting IL-21. However, the role of IL-21+CD4+ T cells in the immune response against chronic hepatitis C (CHC) virus infection is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of IL-21+CD4+ T cells in CHC patients and the potential mechanisms. The study subjects in-cluded nineteen CHC patients who were grouped by viral load (low, < 106 RNA copies/ml, n = 8; high, > 106 RNA copies/ml, n = 11). The peripheral frequency of HCV-specific IL-21+CD4+ T cells was higher in the low viral load group and was negatively correlated with the serum HCV RNA viral load in all CHC patients. Meanwhile, IL-21+ cells accumulated in the liver in the low viral load group. In vitro, IL-21 treatment increased the expression of proliferation markers and cytolytic molecules on HCV-specific CD8+ T cells. In summary, these findings suggest that HCV-specific IL-21+CD4+ T cells might contribute to HCV control by rescuing HCV-specific CD8+ T cells in CHC patients.

Role of IFNLR1 gene in PRRSV infection of PAM cells

Ming Qin,Wei Chen,Zhixin Lin,Lixue Wang,Lixia Ma,Jinhong Geng,Yu Zhang,Jing Zhao,Yong-Qing Zeng 대한수의학회 2021 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.22 No.3

Background: Interferon lambda receptor 1 (IFNLR1) is a type II cytokine receptor that clings to interleukins IL-28A, IL29B, and IL-29 referred to as type III IFNs (IFN-λs). IFN-λs act through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to exert antiviral effects related to preventing and curing an infection. Although the immune function of IFN-λs in virus invasion has been described, the molecular mechanism of IFNLR1 in that process is unclear. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of IFNLR1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Methods: The effects of IFNLR1 on the proliferation of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) during PRRSV infection were investigated using interference and overexpression methods. Results: In this study, the expressions of the IFNLR1 gene in the liver, large intestine, small intestine, kidney, and lung tissues of Dapulian pigs were significantly higher than those in Landrace pigs. It was determined that porcine IFNLR1 overexpression suppresses PRRSV replication. The qRT-PCR results revealed that overexpression of IFNLR1 upregulated antiviral and IFN-stimulated genes. IFNLR1 overexpression inhibits the proliferation of PAMs and upregulation of p-STAT1. By contrast, knockdown of IFNLR1 expression promotes PAMs proliferation. The G0/G1 phase proportion in IFNLR1-overexpressing cells increased, and the opposite change was observed in IFNLR1-underexpressing cells. After inhibition of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, the G2/M phase proportion in the IFNLR1-overexpressing cells showed a significant increasing trend. In conclusion, overexpression of IFNLR1 induces activation of the JAK/STAT pathway, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of PAMs infected with PRRSV. Conclusion: Expression of the IFNLR1 gene has an important regulatory role in PRRSV-infected PAMs, indicating it has potential as a molecular target in developing a new strategy for the treatment of PRRSV.

Research on Social and Technical Factors Affecting Consumers' Quantified-Self Consciousness in Mobile Social Networks

Jin, Hong,Zhang, Yujie,김민지 한국비즈니스학회 2024 비즈니스융복합연구 Vol.9 No.3

Given the popularity of quantified-self activities and their associated benefits, it is crucial for businesses to encourage consumers to develop a sense of quantified-self consciousness, thereby promoting their participation in these activities. This study combines the UTAUT model to explore the factors that affect consumers' quantified-self consciousness in mobile social networks. 288 valid questionnaires have been collected through both online and offline channels and regression analysis was used for model testing. Empirical research shows that social norms, social support, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and facilitating conditions all positively affect consumers' quantified-self consciousness; instrumental rationality plays a negative moderating role between performance expectancy and quantified-self consciousness, effort expectancy and quantified-self consciousness, but it is not significant between facilitating conditions and quantified-self consciousness. This outcome is significant for businesses in terms of how they can promote consumer quantified-self consciousness from both social and technological aspects, and encourage their participation in quantified-self activities. It also provides a richer theoretical perspective for understanding consumer behavior and offers valuable guidance for businesses in developing more effective market strategies and product designs.