蒸氣壓과 過剩熱力學的 特性値

林鎭男 東亞大學校 1981 東亞論叢 Vol.18 No.1

Water-Methanol, Water-Ethanol의 2개의 二成分系에 대하여 一定 溫度下에서 全 組成범위에 걸쳐 全 蒸氣壓을 測定 하였다. 측정한 전압으로 부터 objective function을 ∑(P??-P??)?로 하여 Barker method와 nonlinear regression method 로 Redlich-Kister式과 Wilson式을 처리하여 平衡 蒸氣의 組成을 求하였다. 또한 Wilson式에 의하여 얻어진 excess Gibbs free energy에 관한 式을 Gibbs-Helmholtz 관계식에 적용시켜 excess enthalpy change를 계산하였다. The total pressure method was used for correlating isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium and the excess thermodynamic properties. From these data, heats of mixing were calculated. The total vapor pressure are measured for the two binary systems (water-methanol, water-ethanol) through the total composition range under the several constant temperatures. From measured total pressures, objective function (P??-P??)? and equilibrium vapor compositions are calculated by the Barker method and the nonlinear regression method. Also excess Gibbs free energy equation was derived from Wilson equation using the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, and it was used for calculating enthalpy change of mixing.

Acetone-Ethanol 系의 等溫氣液平衡

林鎭男,권이열 漢陽大學校敎養學部 1976 硏究論文集 Vol.- No.1

氣液平衡値는 物質傳達裝置의 設計 Data로서 利用度가 높아, 많은 硏究가 이루어져 왔는데 最近에는 過去의 實驗面과는 달리 可能한 한 純成分의 物性値와 最小한의 實驗 Data로 부터 氣液平衡値을 얻고자 하는 關心下에 溶液의 理論的 Model에서 出發하는 氣液平衡 關係式이 提示되어 왔다. 1964年 Local volume fraction을 도입한 Wilson 式이 提示되었고 이 式을 확장하여 Immiscible solution에서도 適用이 可能한 NRTL式이 提示되었다. 이 系統의 式들을 해석하기 위해 Total pressure method에 의한 等溫氣液平衡値가 많이 要求되었다. 이러한 必要性과 아울러 Total pressure method는 종래의 Equilibrum still을 使用하는 경우보다 實驗이 간편하고 誤差介入의 要因이 가장 큰 氣相의 分析이 必要치 않다는 長點이 있어, Total pressure method에 의한 等溫氣液平衡에 대한 硏究가 最近 많이 이루워지고 있다. 특히 Total pressure method에서 氣相의 組成을 求하는 問題는 計算에 使用된 氣液平衡關係式, Objective function, Optimization techniqre等에 따라 그 正確性이 크게 달라진다고 指摘되고 있다. 本 硏究에서는 Total pressure 측정치를 Gibbs-Duhem 式에서 유도된 "Coexistence equation"에서 數値解法을 通해 計算하고 이 結果를 Wilson式, Redlich-Kister式에서 Nonlinear regression method, Barken's method로써 얻어진 結果와 比較함으로써 氣液平衡關係式과 計算方法이 氣相의 組成 예측에 미치는 影響을 檢討하고자 하였다. 實驗을 위하여 Smith-Menzies의 Isoteniscope을 개량하여 全壓測定用 Isoteniscope을 제작하고, 二成分系 Acetone-Ethanol 系에 대하여 15℃, 25℃, 35℃, 45℃, 55℃에서 液相의 組成을 變化시키면서 Total pressure를 측정하였다. 本 硏究에서 數値해법을 通해 얻어진 結果는 Wilson式과 Redlich-Kister式에서 얻어진 結果와 근소한 차이로 잘 一致하였다. Wilson式과 Redlich-Kister式의 경우 計算과정이 복잡하고 특히 Wilson式의 경우 초기치 設定에 따라 Parameter의 값이 多枝性을 띈 點을 勘案하여 보면 計算方法이 비교적 간편한 本硏究에서 시도한 方法이 더 有用함을 알 수 있었다. Since the equilibrium data of the vapor-liquid system are very useful to the design of the mass-transfer equipments particularly in the chemical process engineering, many efforts have been made to measure the vapor-liquid equilibria of many binary solutions. Recently several theoretical models have been proposed to deduce these data from the least laboratory works. In 1914, Wilson presented the method of local volume fraction. Few years later, this Wilson equation was extended to the method of NRTL which could be applicable even to the immiscible solution. In connection with the above mentioned formulas, the total presure measurements has become necessary to interpret the insight into the equilibrium nature of the binary vapor liquid system. The total pressure method is far better than the conventional equilibrium-still method, because the former has simple operations and more accuracy. That is why the total pressure method is nowadays widely adopted in measuring the equilibrium data. However, the accuracy of the equilibrium data by this method is appreciably subject to change according to the used formulas, objective functions and obtimization techniques. In this paper, the molefractions in vapor-liquid phase were obtained by the coexistence equation which was derived by Van Ness from the Gibb,s-Duhem equation. In order to see how much the used methods and equations affect the equilibrium data of vapor-liquid system, these values were compared with those values which were calculated by the Wilson equation and Redlich-Kister equation by using the non-linear regression method and the Barker's method, respectively. The modified Smith-Menzies isoteniscope was used to measure the total pressures at 15, 25, 35, and 45℃ for various compositions of the binary aceton-ethanol system. According to the result obtained, the two methods were in good agreement. However, as far as the numerical computations are concerned, the coexistence equation is far simpler than the Wilson equation and Redlich-Kister equation which have some difficulties in giving the initial condition.

三成分系의 液-液平衡에서 鹽效果에 관한 硏究

朴東源,徐珍棋,林鎭男 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1988 硏究報告 Vol.12 No.1

The binodal curve for following systems : benzene-water-n-propanol, benzene-5%NaCl salt solution-n-propanol, n-butyl acetate-water-n-propanol, and n-butyl acetate-5%NaCl salt solution-n-propanol were determined at 25℃. From these binodal curves, tie line and plait point were determined. The consistencies of experimental tie line data were tested using Othmer-Tobias and Eisen-Joffe equations. The parameters in the UNIQUAC model and the calculated values of tie line were predicted. the distribution and the selectivity were determined for each salt concentration, and salt effect on ternary system were examined.

연구발표논문초록 ( 열역학 ) : 액 - 액 평형에서 염효과 및 온도의 영향에 관한 연구

서진기(Jin Gi Seo),이진우(Jin Woo Lee),박동원(Dong Won Park),임진남(Jin Nam Rhim) 한국화학공학회 1988 추계학술발표회 Vol.- No.-

기 액평형

임진남 ( Jin Nam Rhim ) 한국화학공학회 1974 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.12 No.4

This review introduces the historical background of vapor-liquid equilibrium equations that have been presented on the basis of the solution theory. Particularly, local composition equations and the total pressure method are briefly discussed. The topics of this review are divided into three parts: 1) The method for determination vapor-liquid equilibrium data 2) Correlations between the solution theory and activity coefficients 3) Total pressure method.

亂流接觸泡塔內에 있어서의 Gas Hold-Up과 氣泡平均上昇速度에 관하여

林鎭男 漢陽大學校 1971 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

These Experimental studies were carried out to make clear the effects of the suspended solid particles on the gas hold-up and the average velocity of the gas bubbles in the T.B.C. and to make sure the better contact efficiencies of the T.B.C. than that of the normal gas bubbles columns with the above basic informations. The T.B.C. is nothing but the normal bubble column suspended with inlet solid particles when the column is operated by blowing air or gases into the bottom of the cloumn. Generally, it is known that the liquid-side mass transfer coefficients in the bubbling process have the greater values than that in the gas absorption process when the resistance of the liquid side is the controlling step in the physical or chemical mass transfer operation between gas and liquid phase. 1), 2), 3) Those results of this study suggest that liquid-side mass transfer coefficient in the T.B.C. may have greater value than that in the normal gas bubble column when the liquid-side mass transfer coefficient is the important factor for the overall mass transfer process at some operation condition. The apparatus used in the experiments is shown on Figure 1. The gas hold-up was calculated from experimental values of hydrostatic pressure and iron equation (3) . The results obtained are summerizcd as fell-ows : (1) When the x (the mass suspended) has the value of 0.116, the gas hold-up has the maximum value, and when the x are greater than 0.19, the values of gas holdup are less than that of the normal gas bubble column. (2) In the case of the polyoropylene compound suspension, the average velocity of bubbles rising through the dense phase has a less value than that of the normal gas bubble column. And experimental equations on the gas hold-up and the velocity of gas bubbles was were obtained as follows for the case of 30 grams of the polypropylene compound suspension. i) for the column length in which the gas and the liquid are uniformly distributed Vo=15 (1-φo) at (1-φo) < 0.3, Ug <10cm/sec Vo=140 (1-μo) at (1-φo) > 0.3, Vg> 10cm1sec ii) For the column length in which the total gas and liquid are distributed V=120 (1-φ) at (1-φ) 0.3

두 液 混合에 동반되는 부피 變化와 溶媒選擇度와의 關係

林鎭男 漢陽大學校 1973 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

Solvent selectivity is decided most simply by the ratios of mole fraction of the solute to be removed in solved in solvent-rich layer to the mole fraction in water-rich layer for the acetic acid-solvent-water systems. The ability to predict these ratios would be of value in selecting the potential solvent for a separation process. The volume changes of mixing for solute (acetie acid)-solvent and solute -water system were determined by Pycnometric techique at small acetic acid concentrations and measured at 25℃ for the following ten binaries; acetic acid-n-butanol, acetic acid-2-butanone, acetic acid-ethylacetate, acetic acid-toluene, acetic acid-benzene, acetic acid-1, 2-dichloroethane, acetic acid-cyclohexane, acetic acid-n-hexane, acetic acid-carbon tetra-chloride and acetic acid-water. Partial moral velum changes of mixing at infinite dilution of acetic acid to solvent were calculated from the data. These values were compared with the distribution coefficients for the same systems gained at the origin of the distribution curves plotted on a chart and the distribution coefficients were correlated qualitatively with the trends of these values interpreted with a view-point of the intermolecular attracition forces which arised from the hydrogen bonding on the basis of Ewell's theory, so that the solvents showing greater contraction of volume changes at infinite dilution were found to be more efficient as extracting agents.

용매 - 물 - 아세톤계에 대한 삼성분계의 액 - 액 평형

임진남,최중소 한국화학공학회 1986 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.24 No.3

25℃에서 다음 3성분계, 1-1-2 trichloroethane-water-acetone, monochlorobenzene-water-acetone, cyclohexane-water-acetone, ethylacetate-water-acetone, chloroform-water-acetone, methylisobutyl ketone-water-acetone에 대한 용해도곡선을 측정하여 tie-line, plait point를 결정하였다. Tie-line계산치를 추산하기 위하여 최소자승법을 사용하여 tie-line실험치만으로 NRTL식 중의 parameter를 결정하였다. 또한 각각의 3성분계에 대한 분배곡선, 선택도곡선을 결정하여 용매의 추출성능을 조사하였다. The binodal curves tor following ternary systems: 1-1-2 trichloroethane-water-acetone, monochlorobenzene-water-acetone, cyclohexane-water-acetone, ethylacetate-water-acetone, chloroform-water-acetone, and methylisobutyl ketone-water-acetone were determined at 25℃. From these binodal curves, tie-line and plait-point were determined. The parameters in NRTL model were determined with only experimental tie-lines by the least-squares method to predict the value of tie-lines. The distribution and the selectivity curves were determined for ternary systems and solvents extraction effectiveness was also examined.

연탄연소 가스의 성분 및 처리연구

임진남 한국화학공학회 1971 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.9 No.3

Theoretical equation was established for calculating the conversion of carbon monoxide in the primary flue gas into carbon dioxide by contacting the primary flue gas with the secondarily introduced fresh air. The experimental results confirmed the usefulness of this equation. Though the combustion mechanism of the briquet (22 holes) may be much complicated, the mechanism of combustion could be simplified by careful attention upon the gas phase reaction ; the considerable extent of carbon monoxide in the primary flue gas could be converted into carbon dioxide by the intimate contact with hot fresh secondary air which was heat exchanged during it's introduction through the pipe installed at the center or the side of the briquet furnace. The gas treating experiment was made to decrease the carbon monoxide content in the flue gas by using ash-briquet. The ash-briquet was placed on the upper part of burning briquets. The gas analysis showed the following ; when temperature of ash-briquet was below about 600℃, adsorption of carbon monoxide and dioxide into the porous briquet was verified. As the temperature went up to about 600℃ desorption of the gases from the ash-briquet was observed.

활성슬러지 공정에 관한 Kinetic Model의 비교

林鎭男,姜相勳,裵星烈 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1985 環境科學論文集 Vol.6 No.-

CMAS공정을 설명하는 데 사용되어 온 Kinetic Model들을 비교하고 가장 좋은 Model을 선택하기 위하여 연구하였다. 혼합미생물 배양의 정상상태 거동을 관찰하기 위하여 세포물질의 순환이 없는 등온, 연속흐름의 완전혼합 Aeration Tank를 사용하였다. Glucose를 증식제한기질로 사용하여 11개의 dilution rate에서 실험하였다. 실험을 통하여 얻어진 여러 data들은 최소자승법과 iterative minimum search technique에 의해 여러 Model의 Parameter를 추정하는 데 사용되었다. 미생물 사멸계수를 포함한 Monod, Two-phase, Teissier, Contois, Moser, Grau 등 6개의 Model을 비교하였다. Teissier에 의해 제안되었던 Model이 다른 Model보다 좋은 것이었으며, Two-phase Model이 가장 부적합하였다. 낮은 dilution rate(??)에서는 COD의 90% 이상이 제거되었다. It was studied to compare kinetic models which have been used to elucidate CM-AS process and to select the best model. To investigate the steady-state behavior of heterogeneous microbial populations, completely mixed aeration tank under isothermal and continuous flow condition without cell recycle was used. A series of experiments were carried out at eleven dilution rates using glucose as the growth limiting substrate. Multiresponse data obtained through experiments in an aeration tank were made use of estimating the parameter values in various models by using the least squares criteria and an iterative minimum search technique. The six models of Monod, Two-phase, Teissier, Contois, Moser and Grau, with microbial decay coefficients were compared in this study. The selection of the best model among those investigated was carried out by employing the F-test and an analysis of the sum of squares of residuals. As the result, the model proposed by Teissier was significantly better than the other models which were tested, and Two-phase model was not fitted to express CMAS process. At low dilution rates(??), it was removed over 90% of COD.