A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea

Yong Sung Choi,정성훈,김은선,Eun Sun Kim,Eunhee Lee,Euiseok Jung,So-Yeon Lee,이우령,Hye Sun Yoon,Yong Joo Kim,Ji Kyoung Park,Son Moon Shin,Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim 대한신생아학회 2022 Neonatal medicine Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: Pediatricians have a significant responsibility to educate mothers about the importance of breastfeeding. However, there have been minimal efforts in the courses of resident training in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in knowledge and attitude before and after a 4-week breastfeeding educational intervention among multicenter residents. Methods: Prospective interventional educational research was designed for residents at eight training hospitals in Korea. Institutional reviews were obtained in each hospital. The education curriculum consisted of 14 courses regarding breastfeeding theory and practice. These materials were used to teach pediatric residents for 4 weeks. Knowledge-based tests were administered before the course, and re-tests were administered after the course using different test items of similar levels. Test scores and survey responses were compared before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 73 residents (1st year 20, 2nd year 23, 3rd year 16, and 4th year residents 14) from eight training hospitals completed the intervention. Their average age was 30.3±2.9 years, 17 (23.3%) were male, 22 (30.1%) were married, and eight had more than one child of their own. The mean pre-test score was 61.8±13.4 and the mean post-test score was 78.3±7.5 (P<0.001). The inter-grade difference in the score was significant in the pre-test (P=0.005), but not significant in the post-test (P=0.155). There were more responses of obtaining confidence after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, pediatric residents showed improvement in their knowledge and confidence level after 4 weeks of the breastfeeding curriculum. This will provide a basis for future policymaking in the training of pediatric residents regarding breastfeedReceived: 6 January 2022 Revised: 15 February 2022 Accepted: 15 February 2022 Correspondence to: Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3390 Fax: +82-2-3010-6978 E-mail: arkim@amc.seoul.kr A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea Yong-Sung Choi, MD,PhD1, Sung-Hoon Chung, MD, PhD2, Eun Sun Kim, MD, PhD3, Eun Hee Lee, MD4, Euiseok Jung, MD5, So Yeon Lee, MD, PhD5, Wooryoung Lee, MD6, Hye Sun Yoon, MD, PhD7, Yong Joo Kim, MD, PhD8, Ji Kyoung Park, MD, PhD9, Son Moon Shin, MD, PhD9, and Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD, PhD5 1Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea 4Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea 5Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 6Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 7Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea 8Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 9Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 pISSN 2287-9412 . eISSN 2287-9803 Copyright(c) 2022 By Korean Society of Neonatology This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article 29 Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 ing in Korea.

운동학습 이론의 무용수업 적용에 관한 연구

성은지 韓國舞踊敎育學會 1994 韓國舞踊敎育學會誌 Vol.4 No.-

Dance is the art form which is expressed One's thought and feelings through the body. for the artistic goa, dancers have to train their body scientifically and efficiently. If dancers practice economically, they can invest their energy and time in choreography or their new pieces along with aesthetic elements. Motor learning theory is regarded as an efficient method of body training. Yet many dance teachers have not believed that this method is appropriate to their dance class, so they depend on customary way of teaching. In this point of view, it is necessary for efficiency of dance lessons to review the researchs of dance used motor learning theory.

현대무용동작에서의 운동기억(Motor Memory)에 관한 연구

성은지 韓國舞踊敎育學會 1993 韓國舞踊敎育學會誌 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term motor memory in continuous and discrete modern dance movements. The subjects were 34 students who was majoring in modern dance in P Arts High School. The task of this experiment were 8 discrete modern dance movements and 8 continuous modern dance movements. Subjects twice viewed sequence 8 movements performed by an expert dance, sequence were viewed in one minute and then immediately recalled by actually performing the dance movements. A T-test was used in order to see whether there exists significant difference between the groups. The reuslts are as follows; (1) Both primacy nad recency effects were apparent. (2) The motor memory of dicrete movements were appeared significant differences(p<.01). Experts and over than 5 years dance experience group were greater than novices and less than 2 years dance experience group. (3) There was no significant difference among the groups in the continuous movements.

5종의 치주질환균에 대한 프로폴리스의 항균효과

이은지,김소민,박소민,박복리,홍성익,김현정 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2022 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.28 No.1,2

Since the oral cavity is directly connected to the outside, it is an important site for microbial invasion, and since it is an environment that is nutritionally and physiologically easy to multiply bacteria, many bacteria always form bacteriological flora in the oral cavity. And propolis is a natural treatment used in many health food stores in various forms for local treatment. This study analyzes the changes in the activity of five oral microorganisms before and after consumption of propolis for various age groups to find out how propolis, which shows the efficacy of anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and immune sensitization, affects oral microorganisms. Five types of bacteria possessed by periodontal disease patients were specified and digitized targeting the public person, and then before and after propolis intake was compared, and the levels of periodontal disease bacteria in the intake group and the non-consumption group were compared. As a result of comparing the patterns before ingestion (0 week) and after ingestion (3 week) in the oral bacteria analysis, it was confirmed that the bacteria decreased overall except for the five populations in the propolis intake group. In contrast, in the comparative group that did not intake propolis, the bacteria of five periodontal disease increased except for the four populations. What can be seen from this result is that propolis is effective in reducing bacteria in five types of periodontal disease. In order to use propolis as a food for preventing periodontal disease and to get a better effect, further research is needed to find out the mechanism of antibacterial action in propolis compounds.

무용수업을 위한 피드백에 관한 연구

성은지 韓國舞踊敎育學會 1996 韓國舞踊敎育學會誌 Vol.6 No.-

A learner can receive various kinds of sensory information, extrinsic feedback about errors from the instructor is one the most critical aspects of the learning environment. This kind of information can have several simultaneous roles ; It can serve as an energizer to increase motivation ; it can reinforce the probability of various future choices ; it can provide information, where it signals the nature and direction of errors and how to correct them ; and it can a learner dependency, where performance suffers when the information is withdraw. Feedback can take on many forms, such as videotape replays, films, and verbal descriptions. The largest errors can be corrected in early learning with frequent feedback. After a few trials, however, learning is best if feedback frequency is gradually reduced across practice.

고추 탄저병 저항성 중간모본 ‘원예 100005호 ’,‘원예 100006호’ 육성

양은영,김수,채영,채수영,조명철,문지혜,박태성,이우문,곽정호 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2015 農業科學硏究 Vol.31 No.2

Owing to frequent heavy rain due to abnormal weather, the occurrence of pepper anthracnose has recently increased, which affects the supply and demand of pepper. As a result, the price of red pepper powder in 2011, for example, increased three times compared to the average year. Although anthracnose of pepper plants has been controlled by fungicides until now, it is important to develop new resistant cultivars because of the reduction of the labor force in rural area and occurrence of new anthracnose strains resistant to fungicides. National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science developed two pepper lines, ‘Wonye 100005’ and ‘Wonye 100006’ that are resistant to pepper anthracnose. These lines were developed by continuous selection of progenies from a cross between ‘Wonye AR1’, which were developed from interspecific hybridization and ‘TF68’. The anthracnose resistance level of the two lines was higher than that of commercial cultivars and similar to check varieties showing highest level of anthracnose resistance.

심상(Imagery)에 의한 연습이 무용동작수행 수준 및 뇌파에 미치는 영향

성은지 韓國舞踊敎育學會 1996 韓國舞踊敎育學會誌 Vol.6 No.-

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of imagery practice by the direct or indirect verbal cues on coupe balance, devant developpe, fouette en tournant and EEG(Experiment Ⅰ), and the effect of imagery practice by the visual-verbal or verbal cues on Italian fouette(Experiment Ⅱ). In experimentⅠ, twenty-seven high school girls who major ;in dance devided into 3 groups. Direct imagery group, indirect imagery group, control group were adapted to perform for 20min/day, 5 times/week during 7 weeks. In experiment Ⅱ, twenty-one high school 해긴 who major in dance divided into 3 groups. Visual-verbal imagery group, verbal imagery group, control group were adapted to perform for 20min/day, during 9 days. In order to see whether there is significant difference among the groups this study used an one-way ANOVA and Tukey tcst. And in order to see whether there is significant difference between pre and post performance scores and EEG of the relax-rest state and the imagery rehearsal state, t-test was used. The results are as .follows: 1. Performance scores of devant developpe, fouette en tournant in direct imagery group and performance scores of coupe balance, devant developpe, fouette en tournant in indirect imagery group were significantly increased. 2. There were no significant differences of performance scores between two experimental groups. 3. In EEG α wave %power of the imagery rehearsal state in direct imagery group were significantly decreased(P<.01). 4. There were no significant differences of β wave %power in the experimental groups. 5. Technical scores of italien fouette in visual-verbal imagery group was increased more than verbal imagery group, but there was no significant difference between two groups. 6. Artistical scores of italien fouette in visual-verbal imagery group was significantly more than verbal imagery group.

Impact of the oxygen functional group of nitric acid‑treated activated carbon on KOH activation reaction

Ji‑Hyun Kim,Sang Youp Hwang,Jung Eun Park,Gi Bbum Lee,Ho Kim,Seokhwi Kim,Bum Ui Hong 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.3

To prepare activated carbon with a high specific surface area, oxygen functional groups (OFGs) that can serve as useful electron donors during KOH activation were treated with nitric acid and incorporated into activated carbon. OFGs are incorporated differently according to the surface characteristics of starting materials. Up to 22.46% OFGs are incorporated into wood-based activated carbons (WACs), the C=O, COOH contents was 1.90, 17.05%, respectively. Whereas up to 12.82% OFGs are incorporated into coconut shell-based activated carbons, the C=O, COOH contents was 4.12, 6.15%, respectively. The OFGs used for increasing the specific surface area are the carbonyl group, and as the content of the functional group increases, the carbonyl group spreads to the carboxyl group. The specific surface area of activated carbons increased by 10–68% with an increase in the carbonyl group up to 6% (maximum point of carbonyl group). On the other hand, the specific surface area for WACs increased when the carboxyl group was 10% or below, but decreased by 6–15% when it increased to 10% or excess.

무용과 심상에 관한 이론적 연구

성은지 韓國舞踊敎育學會 1995 韓國舞踊敎育學會誌 Vol.5 No.-

Imagery, called visualization, mental practice, mental rehearsal is a technique that has gained considerable attention in sports and dance in recent years because it is thought to enhance skill performance. In this study, theoretical interpretations of the imagery process and factors influencing imagery are reviewed for further study of imagery. The mechanisms that mediate cognition, imagery and motor movement remain mostly unknown. To gain more academic respect, the research on imagery must use better methodologies and attempt theorizing. In dance, imagery has been used for communication of movement's meaning, inspiration for creation, exprience of movements's effort. So it is necessary for more efficient dance class to study on cues and sources of imagery which must be sophyscated for levels of ability, kinds of movements and class.

동작 수행에 대한 불안의 영향

成殷志 韓國舞踊敎育學會 1992 韓國舞踊敎育學會誌 Vol.2 No.-

The definition of anxiety, the way of estimating anxiety, the relationship between anxiety and competition, and anxiety and action have been observed briefly before. Any one who dances has an experience of seeing the stage under lighting in a waiting room or behind a curtain in waiting for his or her turn impatiently. Or, a student or dancer who has been well during practice habitually makes his or her teacher or dance director by forgetting a sequence or staggering loosing his or her balance on stage. Therefore, it is practically very meaningful for dancers who wish the optimal results to grasp and control the source of such a failure successfully. It anxiety comes from his or her own nature, the only way was and is to adjust and control his or her psycological situation. Recently, however, a variety of psychological methods such as progressive relaxation techniques, transcendental meditations, hypnosis, yoga, or biofeedback ar developed, most of which are useful for the dance directors to help students who suffer much from excessive anxiety which is beyond their control. Alternatively, a situation or circumstance imitating that of real performance, contest, or examination can be established so that students practise sufficiently to be familiar with any anxiety to face and to control increasingly their psycological situation by themselves. For better results, seemingly, directors have to monitor the degree of anxiety dancers feel. As discussed briefly before, one of the best solutions for the dancer who is very uneasy when awaiting his or her turn behind stage is to lessen the period of time to await, and, especially, for a young student, the emphasis on the values of improving his or her talent and trying his or her utmost rather than on the importance of result can contribute to allay his or her apprehension. Considering that "anxiety" has a complex and thus important implication, it may not be did to be dealt with sufficiently here. The findings of this study, however, may be useful to suggest some beneficial theories for the dancing education in the future. Dancing teachers are required further to look into psychological aspects relating with actions to perform more scientific and efficient education.