Spawning Behavior, Egg Development, Larvae and Juvenile Morphology of Hyphessobrycon eques (Pisces: Characidae) Characidae Fishes

Jae-Min Park,Na-Ri Kim,Kyeong-Ho Han3,Ji-Hyeong Han,Maeng-Hyun Son,Jae-Kwon Cho 한국발생생물학회 2014 발생과 생식 Vol.18 No.4

Hyphessobrycon eques is a famous fish for ornamental fish market and aquarium. They are inhabit in regions of Amazon and Paraguay River basin. Serpae fishs were investigated 2–3 males are chased to female, and then males attempted to simulate the females abdomen. After fertilization, eggs were kept in incubators at 28oC. The fertilized eggs had adhesive and demesal characteristics and had a mean diameter of 0.92 ± 0.01 mm. Larvae hatched at 16 hrs post fertilization. The hatched larvae averaged 2.90 ± 0.16 mm in total length (LT). Complete yolk sac resorption and mouth opening occurred on the third day post hatching. At 45 days post hatching, the larvae were 12.5 ± 1.60 mm LT and had reached the juvenile stage.

토양환경지도 자료를 이용한 콩밭 토양의 화학성 비교

박지숙,이민진,정재원,김미혜,이서연,지윤미,한준호,김유학,공명석,한광현,노희명 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2015 農業科學硏究 Vol.31 No.2

It is important to interpret the soil chemical properties in order to effectively manage the farmland. This study was conducted to investigate the soil chemical properties of upland soybean field according to the soil series at 32 upland fields located in the parts of Gangwon-do. Soil sampling sites were selected by using the National Statistics DB and KSIS DB that is a soil environment information system provided by the Rural Development Administration. Soil samples were collected from 0~15 cm of top soil before seeding or transplanting, air-dried, passed through a 2 mm sieve, and analyzed for soil pH, EC, organic matter, available phosphorus (P2O5), exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium. The average chemical properties have exceeded the each nutrient optimum range level of RDA, except the organic matter in experimental soil 2015. And despite application of conventional fertilization, each soil series nutrient contents were change respectively. The results of this study suggest that conventional fertilization should be applied based on the analysis about the amount of accumulated nutrient contents in the soil.

민간투자 사업시행자 선정절차 모델 개발

한현종,황지선,신종현,이찬식 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2

Since「the Act on Private Participation in Infrastructure(PPD)」was established in 1998, a number of projects have been procured by private-sector-initiatived system for infrastructure development. However, there are many shortcomings in the procedure of selecting project promoter for the domestic-PPI projects due to deficient regulations, lack of investment appetites, necessary skills and experiences, etc. An improved promoter selection procedure is necessary to select a competent project promoter and to foster participation of the private party. The purpose of this study is to suggest a procedural model for selecting competent project promoter. This model was made by comparing our regulations and procedures with foreign nation's. The suggested model is comprised of PQ, two phased evaluation system for proposals. To manage the overall procedure well, an involvement of professional "project promoter selection team" would be highly recommended.

성장기 아동의 single tooth scissors bite의 교정 치료: 증례 보고

김지인,현홍근,김영재,김정욱,장기택,이상훈,한세현,김종철 大韓小兒齒科學會 2011 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

A scissors bite in the posterior teeth occurs when the upper teeth are positioned totally buccal to the lower teeth in centric occlusion, either unilaterally or bilaterally. This malocclusion can result from either excessive width of the maxilla or deficient width of the mandible, or sometimes combination of the both. Scissors bite, when left untreated without a proper dental intervention, interferes with the normal mandibular growth leading to a state where consequent disharmony in dental arch width evokes occlusal disturbances. Therefore, early preventive orthodontic treatment is necessary in patients with scissors bite. Scissors bite rarely involves anterior and posterior sites concuttently across the dental arch but usually affect single tooth. Even in the single tooth scissors bite cases, more likely to be met in the clinical fields, immediate dental intervention is indicated because continuous occlusal forces that exacerbate the already adverse axis of the posterior teeth. In this case study, patients with single tooth scissors bite, each 7, 14, 12, and 16 years old, were each treated with criss-cross elastic, fixed appliance, removable appliance, and miniscrews. With the proper selection of appliances appropriate to each specific cases, good treatment outcome can be achieved without resulting any side effects. 중심교합위의 상태에서 편측 혹은 양측으로 상악 구치부의 치아가 하악 구치부의 협측으로 위치한 경우를 scissors bite라 고 한다. 이는 상악의 폭경이 크거나 하악의 폭경이 좁은 경우 발생한다. Scissors bite의 경우 방치하게 되면 하악의 성장이 방해받게 되고 그 결과, 악궁 폭경의 부조화가 심해져 저작 장애를 일으킬 수 있으므로 조기 차단 교정이 반드시 필요하다. 실제 임상에서는 여러 치아의 scissors bite보다 최후방 구치 혹은 그 외 하나의 구치만의 single tooth scissors bite(STSB)을 보이는 경우가 많다. 이러한 STSB의 경우도 방치하게 되면 저작력으로 인하여 구치의 각도가 더욱 악화되므로 즉각적인 치료가 필요하다. 본 증례에서는 STSB를 보이는 7세, 14세, 12세, 16세의 환자에게 각각 criss-cross elastic, 고정성 장치, 가철성 장치, miniscrew를 사용하여 치료한 증례를 보고하였다. 각 환자의 증례에 적합한 장치를 잘 선택하여 사용한다면 치아를 정출시키는 등의 부작용을 야기하지 않고 양호한 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것이다

우울 증상을 수반한 만성 정신분열병 입원환자에서의 Paroxetine 효과 : 이중맹검 위약대조 연구

한평주,백영석,오상우,전현태,김지영 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.4

연구목적: 우울 증상이 있는 만성 정신분열병 환자를 대상으로 항정신병약물과 항우울제인 paroxetine 20mg을 병합 투여하여 우울 증상, 양성 증상, 음성 증상 및 일반적인 정신병리의 호전 여부를 밝히고자 하였다. 방법: DSM-IV 기준상 정신분열병으로 진단된 입원환자 중 우울 증상이 있는 49명을 대상으로 parox-etine과 위약을 이중맹검을 대조한 전향적 임상 연구로서 Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale(ESRS), UKU side effect rating scale(UKU), Clinical Global Impression(CGI)을 기저선과 1주, 2주, 4주, 6주의 시점에서 다섯 번 반복 측정하여 비교 검토하였다. 결과: 36명의 환자가 6주간의 실험을 마쳤다. Paroxetine군과 위약군을 비교해볼 때 HRSD 총점은 양군에서 의미있게 감소되어(p<.01) 우울 증상이 호전되었으나, 두 군간에 통계적으로 의미있는 차이는 없었다. 시간경과에 따라 항우울 효과는 paroxetine 군에서는 2주, 위약군에서는 4주 후부터 관찰되었다. 그리고 paroxetine군과 위약군 모두 PANSS 총점(p<.01)과 CGI 점수(p<.05)가 감소되어 전반적인 정신병리의 감소와 전체적인 임상적 호전을 보였으나, 두 군에서 양성 증상, 음성 증상, 일반적인 정신병리 그리고 약물 부작용은 유의미한 차이가 없었다. Paroxetine군에서 반응군고 비반응군으로 나누어 비교했을 때, 반응군이 비반응군보다 HRSD의 총점(p<.01)과 우울한 기분, 자살, 정신적 불안, 죄채감의 세부 항목에서 유의한 호전을 보였고(p</01),일과 활동, 초기 불면증, 건강염려증의 세부 항목이 호전되어(p<.05) 현저한 우울 증상의 호전을 보였다. 또한 반응군이 비반응군보다 BPRS 총점(p</01)과 PANSS의 일반적인 정신병리 점수(p<.05)가 낮게 나와, 일반 정신병리의 호전을 보였다. 결론: Paroxetine군과 위약군 모두에서 우울 증상의 감소가 있었지만, paroxetine군에서 항우울 효과가 빠르게 나타났다. 두 군간에 양성 증상, 음성 증상, 일반적인 정신병리와 부작용에 대한 차이는 없었다. Paroxetine군에서 반응군은 비반응군보다 우을 증상과 일반적인 정신병리에서 유의한 호전을 보였다. 즉 우울한 기분, 자살, 정신적 불안, 죄책감, 일과 활동, 초기 불면증, 건강염려증이 심한 정신분열병 환자에게 우울 증상을 회복시키는데 paroxetine 20mg의 병용 투여가 효과가 있었다. Objectives: This double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted to demonstrate the improvement of depressive, positive and negative symptoms, and general psychopatholgy in depressed chronic schizophrenic inpatients with adjunctive paroxetine 20mg therapy in the morning. Methods: Forty nine chronic schizophrenic inpatients with depressive symptoms were randomly received adjunctive paroxetine of placebo for 6 week study period. Therapeutic effect and side dffects were evaluated by means of the Hamiltom Rating Scale for Depression(HRSD),The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS), the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale(ESRS), the UKU side effect rating scale(UKU), and the Clinical Global Impression(CGI) at baseline, first, second, forth, and sixth week of treatment in a controlled double-blind design. Results: 18 patients completed six weeks of paroxetine therapy, and 18 patients placebo therapy. 1) Comparison between paroxetine and placebo groups: (1) HRSD total scores in both groups were significantly decreased(p<.01) but there was no statistically significant difference between 2 groups. This study showed that significant effect in paroxetine group appeared at 2nd week of treatment(p<.01), while in placebo group at 4th week of treatment(p<.01). (2) PANSS, BPRS< CGI, ESRS, and UKU : In both groups, PANSS total scores and CGI scores were significantly decreased respectively(p<.01, p<.05) and thus indicated th im-provement of global psychopathology and entire effects. There were no significant differences between 2 groups in positive, negative symptoms, general psychopathology, and drug side effects. 2) Comparison between responding and nonresponding groups in paroxetine adjunctive therapy : (1) Compared with nonresponding group, responding group had significant decrease in HRSD total score(p<.01), in HRSD subitems such as depressed mood, suicide, psychic anxiety, and feelings of guilt(p<.01), and in other subitems such as work and activity, early insomnia, and hypochondriasis(p<.05). (2) Compared with nonresponding group, responding group had significantly decrease in BPRS total score(p<.01) and in general subscale of PANSS(p<.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that both paroxetine and placebo groups were improved in depressive symptoms, but paroxetine group had more rapid improvement than placebo group. There were no significant differences in positive symptoms, negative symptoms, general psychopathology, and drug side effects between two groups. Compared with nonresponding group in paroxetine adjunctive therapy, responding group had significant improvement in depressive symptoms and general psychopathology.

작가의 세계관과 작중 시점의 상관관계 : With reference to Ch'ae Man-sik's short stories 「패배자의 무덤」과「치숙」을 중심으로

한지현 한양대학교 한국학연구소 1985 韓國學論集 Vol.7 No.-

The American New Critics have emphasized the point of view in fiction as a crucial factor in making the novel an organic work of art. Sometimes this emphasis turned into a dogmatic insistence on "showing" to the exclusion of any "telling." Wayne C. Booth provided a valuable corrective by pointing out the importance of authorial narration. But neither the New Critics nor Booth have fully faced the essential question, which is the correlation between the point of view within the work and the author's world-view or his "point of view" toward the world in which he lives. This paper proposes to examine this problem with reference to some of Ch'as Man-sik's stories, especially "The Loser's Grave"(1939) and "The Foolish Uncle"(1938). "The Loser's Grave" is a good illustration of Booth's point that the author's direct "telling" can sometimes be more effective than "showing" from a limited point of view. But the relevant passages cannot be fully appreciated apart from consideration of the historical reality (Korea under Japanese occupation) Ch'ad Man-sik is dealing with and his attitude towards it. "The Foolish Uncle" is a fine example of ironical first-person narration. Bu this story, too, can only be adequately judged with reference to the author's relation to his historical world. This is not to say that the technical point of view within a work is determined by the author's world-view which he held apart from that work. The important thing is to recognize that the two "points of view" are correlated and to observe how they mutually interact in each particular work of art.

자두 추출물을 이용한 미용비누 제조 및 여드름 환자에 대한 효과

한만덕 ; 윤옥현 ; 박동철 ; 박지원 김천대학교 2003 김천대학교 논문집 Vol.24 No.-

In this study, authors investigated the bathroom soap development using plum(Prunus salicina Lindl. cv. Soldam) extracts and studied the effects and safety of a plum soap on acne patients. For obtaining antibacterial material from dried plum, the serial extraction using organic solvent was carried out and gained of 0.2% hexane, 0.2% chloroform, 0.23% ethyl acetate, 9.8% butanol and 2.1% water extracts. The main bioactive contents of the soap were consisted of 0.006% plum extract, 0.1% glycyrrhiza extract, and 0.15% tocopheryl acetate. A clinical study of soap containg 0.006% plum extracts was carried out on three groups of people: a treatment and 2 control groups on acne patients. Efficacy and safety were assessed at baseline and at one month later. The group applving the soạp with plum extract felt better than the one applying the 2 control group. Some patients developed mild and transient local side effects. The plum soap didn't change at 40℃ and was 130 hardness. In conclusion, cleansing three times a day with a facial soap consisting 0.006% ethyl acetate extract of plum was found to be effective and safe for patients suffering from acne vulgaris

현진건 단편 연구 Ⅰ : The role of Plot in 「Lucky Day」and 「Society Makes You Drink」 「운수 좋은 날」과「술 권하는 사회」에서의 플로트의 역할

한지현 光云大學校 1995 인문사회과학논문집 Vol.24 No.-

AbstractⅠ. IntroductionIt is often said that in modern Korean literature the short-story occupies a more important position than the novel, due to the absence of conditions necessary for the normal development of the longer form. On the other hard, it may be noted that the short-story, because of its limited scope and emphasis on form, can more easily yield an illusion of artistic accomplishmant without really achieving artistic merit. In view of the special importance attached to the short-story in our mordern literature, it is desirable to re-examine some samples of it according to the highest standards that we could think of.The short-story of Hyon Jin-gon have beon chosen for suid re-examination, since he is generally regarded as one of the earliest and most accomplished writers of the short-story in Korea.A method of comparing some of his stories whit relevant works by Maupassant and Chekhov has been adopted, not for the sake of determining the extent of the Western master's influence, but in order to shed light on the nature of Hyon Jin-gon's achievement by weighing it against apparently similar achievement by a Maupassant or a Chekhov.Special emphasis has been placed on the role of the plot, "Plot," in this sense, is not the same thing as the "action" or the "anecdote" whit in the story; it is rather "the structure of action as presented in a piece of fiction"Ⅱ. The Short-Story with a Dramatic PlotMaupassant's short-stories constitute a classical model of the genre not only because he further perfected the form first consciously advocated by poe, but because, when one distinguishes the "short-story" form the more fanciful "tale, " Maupassant's claim to being a represontative short-story writer is further strengthened. Also, he has enjoyed wide influence among the writers of the first generation of modern Korean literature, inclusing Hyon Jin-gon."La Parure" by Maupassant is perhaps the most famous among the stories with a dramatic plot and a "whip-crack ending." On close examination, however, the value of the ending is seen to lie not marely in the surprise it gives on the first reading, but also in its effect of dramatizing the auther's view of lift and society. The false diamonds are not only an element in the make-up of a clever anecdote, but becoming legitimate symbol of the false values that dominate the world of the story and work to the fateful ruin of its couple.The plot of "Lucky Day"(운수 좋은날), though well-made in the manner of Maupassant and effective in its way, suppers in comparison because its suprise ending and acute paychological observations do not quite add up to a larger meaning as in "La Parure."Ⅲ. The Plotless' StoryAs many stories whit dramatic anecdotes have tended to turn into commercial steries exploiting a formula, much sincere artistic effort has centered on developing a new form of story-writing with mimimum emphasis on the anecdote. One of the earliest and most successful examples of such effort was that of Chekhov, another prominnant influence on the pioneers of modern Korean short-story.A detailed analysis of one of his stories, "Goose-berries," Shows that a "plotless" story(i.e., one without a clear-cut action and without a dramatic ending)is far from plotless when it is a good story.On the contrary, the plot of "Gooseberries"is as delicately made as anything in Maupassant and as effectively expresses the auther's vision of life as dose the plot of "La Parure."In comparison, the plot of "Society Makes You Drink"(술 勸하는 사회) reveal certain flawa, Its lack of clearcut action is partly a result of sentimentalizing the situation rather than the necessary artistic of a vision which is too complex and comprehensive to be embodied in a simple, dramatic action. Ⅳ. ConclusionThe foregoing comparison and analysis show that Hyon Jin-gon's achievement falls short of the highest standards of the genre in certain important aspects. This is not to belittle his merit, either as a pioneer as auther of stories with much skill and charm. However, an accurate view of his shortcomdings is necessary even for a proper appreciation of his achievement.

기포탑에서 고정화 포도당산화효소 반응 특성

한지혜,이현철,정봉우 전북대학교 공학연구원 ( 구 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 ) 2003 工學硏究 Vol.34 No.-

Gluconic acid has been used as a food additive because of its juicy taste and biologically active properties. In this study, gluconic acid was produced from glucose using immobilized glucose oxidase. The effect of aeration rate on glucose oxidation in a bubble column at 30℃ were investigated, and the glucose consumption rates were 3.57×10^(-2), 4.44×10^(-2) and 5.03×10^(-2) g/L·min at 1, 3 and 5 vvm. The conversion rates were 39.9 % at 1 vvm, 52.8 % at 3 vvm and 53.2 % at 5 vvm. The 2.5 L stirred tank with agitation rate of 10 rpm and bubble column were compared in terms of the glucose oxidation rates and conversion ratio at 30℃ and 3 vvm. The glucose consumption rates and conversion rates of two reactors were similar. Therefore, it could be noted that the bubble column might be more suitable for this purpose.

여성의 시각에서 본 이태준의 장편소설 연구 : 「딸 삼형제」와「행복에의 흰손들」을 중심으로

한지현 연세대학교 인문과학연구소 1999 人文科學 Vol.80 No.-