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최정우,엄원택 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1983 연구보고 Vol.11 No.1
This study is aimed at experimentally determine the process through which the digestion tank reaches normal state and its efficiency thereafter at variable detention and lapse times in treating night soil by the aerobic digestion method. Experiments are run indoor. Samples are loaded in batches and digested for 5,10,15,20 and 25 days in the tank which is continuously aerated at constant temperature, air flow and return sludge rate. The following results are noted: 1. Digestion tank reaches normal state after 9, 8.6, 5.5, 2.4 and 1.9 cycles of operation for the detention time of 5,10,15,20 and 25 days, respectively, the longer the detention time the smaller the number of cycles. 2. Protozoa which primarily occur in the aerobic digestion process somewhat differ from those observed in the activated sludge process, Oikomonas being the prevalent species in the former. 3. Waste sludge stands at 6,5 and 7% when the sample is digested for 15,20 and 25 days, respectively, which indicates reduced cost of sludge treatment. 4. Treatment efficiency of better than 99% is attained in the removal of BOD regardless of the length of digestion time when BOD is loaded at the rate of 1.7Kg/m³.day and 0.7kg/SSkgㆍday 5. Treatment efficiency of better than 95% is attained in the removal of COD(cr) regardless of the length of digestion time when COD(cr) is loaded at the rate 4.0kg/m³.day and 0.4kg/SSkgㆍday 6. Over 94% of NH₄-N is removed by the aerobic digestion process when the sample is digested for 10 to 25 days, and as much of PO₄-³ removed when digested for 10 and 15 days. 7. The optimum digestion time is 15 days, which may be reduced to 10 days.
흰쥐에서 심정지후 Pentoxifylline이 뇌의 허혈-재관류 손상에 미치는 효과
정시경,김영민,오동렬,최경호,박승현,이운정,박규남,유은영,이원재,김세경 大韓應急醫學會 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.2
Background: Two major events occurring in the cerebral hemodynamics after successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest are reactive hyperemia and postischemic hypoperfusion. In this study, we examined the effect of Pentoxifylline(PTX) on the rat brain following cardiac arrest. Methods: Fourteen rats were anesthetized and artificially ventilated. Cardiac arrest was produced by chest compression and clamping of tracheal tube for 3 minutes in ketamine anesthetized rats. Circulation was restored by standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation methods. In 7 rats, PTX 10mg/kg was infused at 10min after cardiac arrest(PTX group). In the other 7 rats, same amount of normal saline was infused(control group). Results: In both groups, hemodynamic variables, neurologic deficit(ND) score and histopathologic findings of hippocampal CA1 neurons were observed. Hemodynamic variables and ND score were not significantly different between two groups. Delayed ischemic neurons of hippocampal CA1 were decreased in PTX group(2.2±2.4%) compared with control group(9.1±1.2%). Conclusions: We conclude that PTX prevented development of delayed ischemic neurons in hippocampal CA1 after cardiac arrest. PTX may be useful in emergency situations following cardiac arrest.
응급센터에서 기관내 삽관을 시행하지 않은 호흡곤란 환자의 동맥혈 이산화탄소분압과 호기말 이산화탄소분압의 연관성분석
김형국,박승현,오동렬,박규남,이원재,황두영,최승필,이운정,정시경,김세경 大韓應急醫學會 1998 대한응급의학회지 Vol.9 No.4
Background: The end-tidal carbon dioxide tension(ETCO₂) is defined as a partial pressure of carbon dioxide at the end of an exhaled breath. The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between ETCO₂and arterial carbon dioxide tension(PaO₂) in nonintubated patients with respiratory distress in emergency department(ED). Methods: A prospective non-blind study was performed in ED of our university hospitals. Participants included all nonintubated adult patients with respiratory distress requiring arterial blood gas analysis. ETCO₂was measured with a capnography monitor during tidal volume breathing. ETCO₂were recoreded at the time of arterial blood gas sampling. The correlation between ETCO₂and PaCO₂was analyzed in all patients and in subgroups by simple linear regression. Results: Sixty patients were enrolled. In all patients, ETCO₂was 5.72mmHg lower than PaCO₂and correlated well with PaCO₂(r²=0.716). ETCO₂correlated best with PaCO₂in patients who were either acidotic or non-smoking. Conclusion: ETCO₂correlate well with PaCO₂in nonintubated patients with respiratory distress in ED. ETCO₂may be sufficient to reflect PaCO₂in selected patients and obviate the need for repeat arterial blood gas determination.
반복적인 경련을 동반한 아이소니아지드(Isoniazid) 중독환자의 치험 1례
이환,오동렬,정시경,김영민,이운정,김세경,이원재,최경호 大韓應急醫學會 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.2
Isoniazid(Isonicotinic acid hydrazide) is an antimicrobial drug used since 1952 as a first line agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of tuberculosis. Isoniazid is well known for problems in population having a high prevalence of isoniazid use for prophylaxis or treatment of tuberculosis. But intentional or accidental isoniazid overdose is uncommon. The ingestion of toxic amounts of isoniazid causes recurrent seizures, profound metabolic acidosis, coma and even death. In adults, toxicity can occur with the acute ingestion of as little as 1.5g of isoniazid. Doses larger than 30mg per kg often produce seizures. When ingested in amounts of 80-150mg per kg or more, isoniazid can be rapid fatal. 40-year-old woman having previous pulmonary tuberculosis ingested 7gram of isoniazid(140mg/kg) to attempt suicide approximately 30 minutes prior to visit to our emergency medical center. She had recurrent generalized tonicclonic seizures and metabolic acidosis. We report one patient treated with pyridoxine, which was equivalent to the amount of isoniazid ingested and administered as a intravenous dose and oral dose
Won Il Choi(최원일),Day Sung Kim,Jung Hoon Kim,Dong Shik Choi,Yil Woo Kim,Jeung-Ho Kim,Seong-Kyu Kang 대한인간공학회 2007 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.-
The work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) have increased at the atypical work of the food & accommodation industry as well as at the regular work such as the manufacturing industry. However, most studies related to WMSDs have focused on the manufacturing industry. This paper investigates WMSDs, their prevention activities and problems in the food & accommodation industry. This study was performed for 160 restaurants/cafeterias or hotels in Gyeongsang province through interviews, document analysis, video analysis, etc., which included jobs of bellman, front-desk, room-maids and cook, etc. Based on the results, administrative or engineering measures for preventing WMSDs were suggested.
Co-diffusion of boron and phosphorus for ultra-thin crystalline silicon solar cells
Choi, Jihye,Lee, Hyeonseung,Jung, Beomsic,Woo, Jeong-Hyun,Kim, Ju-Young,Lee, Kyu-Sung,Jeong, Jeung-hyun,Choi, Jea-Young,Kim, Won Mok,Lee, Wook Seong,Jeong, Doo Seok,Lee, Taek-Sung,Choi, Doo Jin,Kim, I IOP 2018 Journal of Physics. D, Applied Physics Vol.51 No.27
<P>This paper reports the fabrication of crystalline silicon passivated emitter rear totally diffused (c-Si PERT) solar cells with ultra-thin p-type wafers 50 <I>µ</I>m in thickness. Co-diffusion of boron and phosphorus in a single rapid thermal processing cycle, and an Al spin-on glass post-curing process were developed to remove the boron rich layer which is detrimental to c-Si solar cells. Co-diffusion was carried out with spin-on diffusion sources using boric acid and a P spin on dopant for simple and cost-effective emitter and back surface field (BSF) formation processes. The fabricated ultra-thin c-Si PERT cell featured an open circuit voltage (V<SUB>oc</SUB>) of 0.575 V, a short circuit current density (J<SUB>sc</SUB>) of 35.8 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>, a fill factor of 0.725, and a power conversion efficiency of 15.0%. The efficiency has improved by 2% compared with the standard structure cell with Al-BSF using thin evaporated Al 2 <I>µ</I>m in thickness. Along with cell output parameters, the flexural strength and critical bending radius were measured by a four point bending test, and the results showed that the solar cells with thinner rear Al electrodes are more applicable for a flexible solar cell device.</P>
Choi, Sam-Wook,Kim, Dai-Jin,Choi, Jung-Seok,Ahn, Heejune,Choi, Eun-Jeung,Song, Won-Young,Kim, Seohee,Youn, Hyunchul Akadémiai Kiadó 2015 JOURNAL OF BEHAVIOURAL ADDICTIONS Vol.4 No.4
<P><B>Background and Aims</B></P><P>Smartphone addiction is a recent concern that has resulted from the dramatic increase in worldwide smartphone use. This study assessed the risk and protective factors associated with smartphone addiction in college students and compared these factors to those linked to Internet addiction.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>College students (<I>N</I> = 448) in South Korea completed the Smartphone Addiction Scale, the Young’s Internet Addiction Test, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the Beck Depression Inventory I, the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (Trait Version), the Character Strengths Test, and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analyses.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The risk factors for smartphone addiction were female gender, Internet use, alcohol use, and anxiety, while the protective factors were depression and temperance. In contrast, the risk factors for Internet addiction were male gender, smartphone use, anxiety, and wisdom/knowledge, while the protective factor was courage.</P><P><B>Discussion</B></P><P>These differences may result from unique features of smartphones, such as high availability and primary use as a tool for interpersonal relationships.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Our findings will aid clinicians in distinguishing between predictive factors for smartphone and Internet addiction and can consequently be utilized in the prevention and treatment of smartphone addiction.</P>